2024年初升高銜接英語(yǔ)8定語(yǔ)從句課件

BridgingCourse

——初高中英語(yǔ)銜接課程（八）Attributiveclause第八講CONTENTS01theusageofrelativepronouns03attributiveclauseswithprepositionsandrelativepronouns02theusageofrelativeadverbs04non-restrictiveattributiveclause05Homework01PARTONEtheusageofrelativepronounsLookatthesentencesandanswerthequestionsActivity1aWecanstayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.bThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests…1Whatdoes“that”refertoinsentence(a)?2Whatdoes“who”refertoinsentence(b)?Comparethemwith

thefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.Activity1cWecan...stayintouchwithpeople.Wewanttoremainfriendswiththem.d.Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeople.Thesepeopleshareourinterests…aWecan…stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.bThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests…3Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?Sentences(a)and(b)bothcontainaclausedefininganounineachsentence.Sentences(c)and(d)areeachconstructedwithapairofsimplesentences,withonedefininganounthatappearsintheothersentenceineachpair.attributiveclausecWecan...stayintouchwithpeople.Wewanttoremainfriendswiththem.d.Thedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeople.Thesepeopleshareourinterests…aWecan…stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.bThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests…4Whyweprefertousesentences(a)and(b)inthereadingpassage?Becausethereisacloserlinkandconnectionbetween“people”andtheclausedefiningitinsentences(a)and(b).Italso

makesthepassageclearer,andcreatesanemphaticeffectonthepeopleorthingsbeingdefined.[?m?f?t?k]強(qiáng)調(diào)的,

加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的thefunctionandeffectofattributiveclause.Activity2aWecan…stayintouchwiththepeoplethatwewanttoremainfriendswith.bThedigitalagealsoenablesustofindpeoplewhoshareourinterests…5Whatotherwordsareusedtointroduceattributiveclauses?Whatdotheyreferto?Otherwordsusedtointroduceattributiveclausesinclude“which”“whom”“whose”canrefertoanobjectorathingcanrefertoapersoncanrefertotherelationshipofbelongingofanobjectorapersonWhatiftheonlywayofgettingnewsfromfarawayfriendswaswritinglettersthattookagestobedelivered?如果從遠(yuǎn)方朋友那里得到消息的唯一途徑是寫(xiě)那些需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能送達(dá)的信，那該怎么辦呢?Nowreadthefollowingsentenceswithattributiveclauses,underlineandtranslatethemintoChinese.Whateverourhobbies,theInternetcanconnectuswithotherswhoalsoenjoydoingthem,eveniftheyliveontheothersideoftheworld.

無(wú)論我們的愛(ài)好是什么，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以把我們和那些同樣喜歡做這些事的人聯(lián)系起來(lái)，即使他們住在世界的另一端。Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositiveupdatesthatmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.

在社交媒體網(wǎng)站上，人們傾向于只發(fā)布積極的更新，讓自己看起來(lái)快樂(lè)和友好。Whatistheattributiveclause?modify修飾

A.Theattributiveclauseisusedtomodifyanounorpron.afterit.B.Theattributiveclauseisusedtomodifyanadj.oradv.beforeit.C.Theattributiveclauseisusedtomodifyanounorpron.beforeit.D.Theattributiveclauseisusedtomodify

anadj.oradv.beforeit.Whatisthestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）oftheattributiveclause?A.relativeword（關(guān)系詞）+clause（從句）+antecedent（先行詞）B.antecedent（先行詞）+relativeword（關(guān)系詞）+clause（從句）C.relativeword（關(guān)系詞）+clause（從句）+antecedent（先行詞）D.antecedent（先行詞）+clause（從句）+relativeword（關(guān)系詞）定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)的從句，其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞或代詞。其功能相當(dāng)于形容詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞被稱作為先行詞。連詞作用，引導(dǎo)從句代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，起一定的句法作用關(guān)系詞三功能

Sheis

theone

that

youneverforget.

Shemustbethereason

whyGodmadeagirl.

定語(yǔ)從句theclause（

）(）主句themainsentence辨識(shí)主句和從句

先行詞antecedent被從句所修飾限定的詞關(guān)系詞relativewords定語(yǔ)從句三要素1.2.3.1.Thepeople

who/that

calledyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.

本句中先行詞是thepeople；關(guān)系代詞who指人，代替thepeople，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。

翻譯:

昨天打電話的那些人想買(mǎi)這個(gè)房子。2.Theman(whom/who/that)Ihavetophonelivesin

Canada.本句先行詞是theman，關(guān)系代詞共有四種表達(dá)。whom，who，that均可指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ),

因此在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可省略，故而有四種答案。翻譯：我不得不致電的那個(gè)人住在加拿大。3.Shewasnotinthetrain

which/thatarrivedjustnow.本句中先行詞是thetrain，關(guān)系代詞which/that均可用于指物，代替thetrain，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。翻譯：她不在剛剛到的那列火車(chē)上。4.Thisisthebook(which/that)youwanted.本句中先行詞為thebook，關(guān)系代詞that/which指物，代替thebook，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可省略，故而本題有三種答案。翻譯：這就是你想要的那本書(shū)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上例句，完成下頁(yè)的關(guān)系代詞用法表。關(guān)系代詞指代的先行詞在從句中所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人，物物人人(人/物)的主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)可省略作賓語(yǔ)可省略作賓語(yǔ)可省略可省略不可省略關(guān)系代詞whose的用法1)Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.(孤兒)2)Theyliveinahouse,___________windowsfacesouth.

whose

在從句中作定語(yǔ),修飾人或物，意為“……的”，

whose+名詞可換作

the+名詞+ofwhom/which。whosewhoseTheyliveinahouse,thewindows___________facesouth.Theyliveinahouse,___________thewindowsfacesouth.ofwhichofwhich

ZhongNanshanisadoctor(whom/that）we____________who/that…whose…TheAttributiveClauseCanyouusetheattributiveclause（定語(yǔ)從句）

tointroduceZhongNanshan?Application

Thevideowhich/thatisabout

ZhongNanshanwastakenfromtheInternet.

ZhongNanshanisadoctorwho/thatiswell-knowntous.Heisadoctorwhosestorywillhavealife-longinfluenceonme.

ZhongNanshanisahero(whom/that)werespect.02PARTTWOtheusageofrelativeadverbsWhatdo“where,”“when,”and“why”refertoineachsentence.Activity1aEventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.bThesolutioncomesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.cSadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.

What’sthedifference?aEventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.bThesolution…comesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.cSadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.

aEventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaces.Itwillspendthewinterthere.bItisinserioustrouble.Thesolution…comesatatimecSadly,humanactivityisthemainreason.Forthisreason,thenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?a.Eventually,itmanagestoreachtheplaceswhereitwillspendthewinter.d.Eventually,itmanagestoreachthoseplaces.Itwillspendthewinterthere.onesentencetwosentencesdefiningthenoun“places”useanadverbb.Thesolution…comesatatimewhenitisinserioustrouble.e.It’sinserioustrouble.Thesolution…comesatthistime.onesentencetwosentencesdefiningthenoun“time”useaphrasetoshowthetimec.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreasonwhythenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.f.Sadly,humanactivityisthemainreason.Forthisreason,thenumberofmonarchbutterfliesisfalling.onesentencetwosentencesuseaphrasedefiningthenoun“reason”Whyweprefertousesentences(a),(b),and(c)?Becausethereisacloserlinkandconnectionbetweentheitemandtheclausedefiningitinthesentences(a),(b)and(c).Itwillalsomakethepassageclearer,andcreateanemphaticeffectonthelocation,timeandreasonbeingdefined.避免重復(fù)豐富句式銜接緊湊ENGLISH定語(yǔ)從句之關(guān)系副詞當(dāng)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。when時(shí)間where地點(diǎn)why原因ENGLISH定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞，如time,day,week,hour,year等。關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Ihopetherearemoments

whenIforgetallmyworriesandpains.我希望有那么一刻，我能忘記所有的煩惱和痛苦。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.我還記得我第一次去長(zhǎng)城的那一天。TomwillneverforgetthedayswhenhelivedinChinawithhisfamily.湯姆永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他和家人在中國(guó)生活的日子。ENGLISH定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示地點(diǎn)或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place,room,factory,house,village等。關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。?ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.這是我十年前工作過(guò)的工廠。?ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前居住的那所房子已經(jīng)被拆了。Theywentintothehallwherethemeetingwasbeingheld.他們走進(jìn)正在開(kāi)會(huì)的大廳ENGLISH定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞常為reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Thereason

whyIdon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒謊。

Therearemanyreasons

why

peopleliketraveling.人們喜歡旅游的原因有很多。?Thereason

whyhesucceedintheexamwasthathestudiedveryhard.他考試成功的原因是他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。ENGLISHThisistheplace_____________wevisitedlasttime.Thisistheplace_____________wevisitedtheequipment設(shè)備lasttime.Istillrememberthetime__________wespendtogether.Istillrememberthetime_______wefirstmeteachother.Thisisthereason__________shegaveme.Thisisthereason__________shecried.()定語(yǔ)從句不完整，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，指物that/which()定語(yǔ)從句完整，也不缺定語(yǔ)，缺狀語(yǔ)，指地點(diǎn)where()定語(yǔ)從句不完整，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，指物that/which()定語(yǔ)從句完整，也不缺定語(yǔ)，缺狀語(yǔ)，指原因why(()定語(yǔ)從句不完整，先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，指物that/which)定語(yǔ)從句完整，也不缺定語(yǔ)，缺狀語(yǔ)，指時(shí)間whenENGLISH做題步驟畫(huà)出定語(yǔ)從句，看定語(yǔ)從句缺不缺主/賓/表缺關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/as不缺whose關(guān)系副詞when,where,why缺定語(yǔ)缺狀語(yǔ)03PARTTHREEattributiveclauseswithprepositionsandrelativepronouns1.…theycouldincreasetheareasinwhichtheycouldgrowrice.2.…theseterracesstillmeanalottothelocalpeopleforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvalueWhatdo“which”and“whom”refertoineachsentence?…theycouldincreasetheareasinwhichtheycouldgrowrice.theareastheycouldgrowrice

intheareastheycouldgrowriceinwhichinwhichtheycouldgrowrice

…theseterracesstillmeanalottothelocalpeopleforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvaluethelocalpeopletraditionsholdmuchvalueforthelocalpeopletraditionsholdmuchvalueforwhomforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvalue*holdmuch/greatvalueforsbWhydoweuseprepositionsbefore“which”and“whom”?Because“which”and“whom”serveastheobjectoftheactionphrasesthatendwithapreposition.Attributiveclause:prep.+which/whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指人，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指物，用“介詞＋which”

1．關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇的原則(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。TherecomesTom,forwhomIhavebeenwaitinganhourorso.湯姆來(lái)了，我等了他大約一個(gè)小時(shí)了

prep.+which/whom：How(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。Theoldwomanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamousartist.剛才和你們說(shuō)話的老太太是一個(gè)著名的藝術(shù)家。(3)根據(jù)句子的意思選擇。Thankyouforyourhelp,withoutwhichwecouldn'thavefinishedthetaskontime.謝謝你的幫助，沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。Attributiveclause:prep.+which/whomWhen當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指人，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指物，用“介詞＋which”

How根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。根據(jù)句子的意思選擇含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定短語(yǔ)在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不拆開(kāi)，在這種情況下，介詞仍然放在后面，如hearfrom，hearof,lookafter,lookfor，carefor，takecareof，

等。e.g.Imetthechild(whom)Ilookedaftertenyearsago.我遇到了十年前我照料過(guò)的那個(gè)孩子。(lookafter為固定短語(yǔ)，在定語(yǔ)從句中不能

將after前置)

Theoldwoman

（他正在照顧的）ismygrandmother.（whom/who）heistakingcareof…theycouldincreasetheareasinwhichtheycouldgrowrice.theareastheycouldgrowrice

intheareastheycouldgrowriceinwhichinwhichtheycouldgrowrice

Canwereplace“inwhich”with“where”withoutchangingthemeaning?whereENGLISH定語(yǔ)從句注意：關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以相應(yīng)地轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。?IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstwenttotheGreatWall.?ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.?

Therearemanyreasons

why

peopleliketraveling.onwhichinwhichforwhichwhere

表地點(diǎn) Thehotelwherewestayedwasn’tveryclean. Thehotel___________________wasn’tveryclean.Westayedinthehotel.inwhichwestayedwhereinwhichwhere=介詞+whichwhen

表時(shí)間 Doyourememberthedaywhenwemet. Doyouremembertheday__________.wemetonthedayonthedayonwhichwhen=介詞+whichwhenwemetonwhichwhy

表原因 ThereasonwhyI’mcallingyouistoinviteyou. Thereason______________hedidn’tcomeisthathewasill.

Talentisnottheonlyreason_______________hesucceeded.why=forwhichwhy/forwhichwhy/forwhich04Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClausePARTFOURUnderlinetheattributiveclausesandnamethetwotypesofclauses1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.RestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause1234定語(yǔ)從句就其與先行詞的關(guān)系可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。non-restrictiverelativeclauses一、形式不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞關(guān)系密切，其間通常不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與其先行詞關(guān)系不密切，常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,

whichisthecapitalofChina.如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,

whichisthecapitalofChina.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉之后，意思明確，與主句通常用

“，”隔開(kāi)限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉之后，主句意思不明確。二、作用不同三、先行詞不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一般是名詞或代詞，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既可以是名詞或代詞,也可以是主句的一部分或整個(gè)主句。如：Ihaveadog,whichisblack.

（先行詞為dog）Chineseisveryimportant,whichmeansyouhavetolearnitwell.（先行詞為整個(gè)主句）限制性定從關(guān)代:that,which,who,whom,as非限制性定從關(guān)代:that,which,who,whom,as四、關(guān)系詞不同1.Theseappletreeshavenotproducedanyfruits.Iplantedthemthreeyearsago.__________________________________________________________

.

2.Thelazyboygotthehighestscoreinthetest.Itsurprisedme.

___________________________________________________________3.ThestudentsinourclasswanttoimprovetheirMaths.ManyofthemarenotbadatMaths.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________將兩個(gè)句子合并成非限制性定語(yǔ)從句Theseappletrees,whichIplantedthreeyearsago,havenotproducedanyfruits.Thelazyboygotthehighestscoreinthetest,whichsurprisedme.Thestudentsinourclass,manyofwhomarenotbadatMaths,wanttoimprovetheirMaths.【語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用】完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyou