2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語選擇性必修第四冊（譯林版）UNIT 1 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

UNIT1HonestyandresponsibilityGrammarandusageGrammarandusageOverviewofadverbialclausesReadthearticleonPage6andanswerthefollowingquestions.Lead-inWhowasHuangDanian?

HewasageophysicistwhomadegreatcontributionstoChina.(2)Howdoyoudescribehim?Why?Hewasresponsibleanddedicatedbecausehewaswillingtobeartheheavyburdenofresponsibilityanddevotedtoworkingforthegoodofhiscountryandpeople.(3)Whatcontributionsdidhemake?

HemappedtheworldundertheEarth’ssurface,whichhelpeddiscovervaluablemineralresourcesandbroughtChina’sknowledgeandtechnologyinthisareaalongsidetheworld’sfinest.Findthesentenceswithadverbialclausesfromthenewsstoryandfillinthetable.AdverbialclauseofconditionHeknewthatifhecameback,…AdverbialclauseoftimeWhenhehadtogoawayonbusiness,……untilhediedin2017attheageofjust58.AdverbialclauseofplaceHuangexcelledwherehewasworking…AdverbialclauseofreasonSincehespentsomuchtimeonwork…Adverbialclauseofpurpose…sothathedidnotmissanyworkinthedaytime.AdverbialclauseofresultInfact,heworkedsohardthathedidnotpayenoughattentiontohisownhealth.AdverbialclauseofconcessionAlthoughhespentmanyyearsintheUK,…ExploringtherulesChoosetheproperlinkingwordstofillintheblanks.

inthataslongaswhileonceas(1)______advertisingisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkweshouldentirelyrelyonit.(2)Heisreliable.______hemakesapromise,hewillkeepit.(3)__________wenevergetentirelyknockedoutofthegame,hopealwaysremains.(4)—Poorandbackwardarea___WesternChinais,manycollegestudentsarewillingtoworkthereaftergraduation.—Ican’tagreemore.Morechancesofemploymentareavailable.(5)TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguages_______itusescharacterswhichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.WhileOnceAslongasasinthatExploringtherulesFinish“Workingouttherules”onPage

6.Adverbialclausescanbeintroducedby:if,unless,aslongas,etc.toexpress(1)________;until,when,while,etc.toexpresstime;wheretoexpressplace;because,as,since,inthat,etc.toexpress(2)______;sothat,inorderthat,etc.toexpress(3)_______;thatwithsoorsuchinthemainclausetoexpressresult;andalthough,though,evenif,etc.toexpressconcession.ExploringtherulesconditionreasonpurposeGothrough“Grammarnotes”onPages97–98.ExploringtherulesAnswer1.Jakegotupearlysothathewouldhavetimetoexercisebeforeclass.2.Althoughshehadnoteditedthephotos,theystilllookedverygood.3.Hewenttoworkasifnothinghadhappened.4.Herteacherlikedherbecauseshewassohard-working.5.Igetveryupsetwhenpeopledonottellmethetruth.6.Ifyouarenicetootherpeople,theywillbenicetoyou.Putthewordsinthecorrectordertomakesentenceswithadverbialclauses.ApplyingtherulesFinishB2onPage7,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Answer1c2e3b4f5aApplyingtherules(1)WhyshouldwechooseOptioncinsteadofOptionaorOptiongastheanswertothefirstblank?

ApplyingtherulesIfwechooseOptiona,thesentencewouldbe“Aftershehaddeletedover2,000photos,theywerenot100%real.”Themeaningofthewholesentenceisillogical.IfwechooseOptiong,thesentencewouldbe“Althoughshestillpostsherphotosonline,theywerenot100%real.”Thetensesusedareincorrectandthemeaningofthewholesentenceisillogical.(2)WhydidLilydeleteover2,000photosandcloseheronlineaccount?BecauseLilyfeltguiltyaboutherdishonestbehaviouranddecidedtobearesponsibleperson.ApplyingtherulesDiscusswithyourclassmatesaboutotherpeoplewhopractisehonestyandresponsibilityusingadverbialclauses.ApplyingtherulesMyfriendPeterisagoodexampleofsomeonewhopractiseshonestyandresponsibility.Sincehewasquiteyoung,Peterhasbeenregardedasa“good”boy.HisclassmateshaveelectedhimasclassmonitorbecausetheyknowPeterisreliable.Hehasdevotedalotoftimetohelpinghisclassmatesandtheclassteacher,earninghimhighpraise.Althoughheisverybusy,hemanagestodootheractivitiessuchasguitarlessons.Hisparentswereconcernedthatguitarlessonswouldtakeuptoomuchofhistime,butPeterassuredthemhemadesuchastrictschedulethathecouldhandleit.ApplyingtherulesItturnsoutthatPeterhaskeptagoodbalancebetweenhisstudyandhishobby.Peterhasmanyfriends,wholikehimandtrusthimmorethanothers.Ifhisfriendshaveadisagreement,theyoftenapproachhimbecausetheyknowhewillspeakthetruthandgivehishonestopinion.Heoncesaid,“I’mjustdoingwhatIcanandtrytomakesmartchoicesinorderthatIcanhelpmyfriends,teachersandfamily.WhereIamneeded,Iwillbethere.”ApplyingtherulesHomework1.FinishPartConPage58.2.Describeapersonpractisinghonestyandresponsibilitywithadverbialclauses.Grammar●復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句●

功能：狀語從句起副詞作用，用來修飾句中謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。

引導(dǎo)詞：一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，也可由連詞詞組引導(dǎo)。位于句首或句中時常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號。

類別：根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、目的和比較等從句。附：單元語法全解一、時間狀語從句（1）when，while和

asItwasrainingwhenwearrived.我們到達(dá)時，天正在下雨。WhileIwaswatchingTV，thebellrang.我在看電視時，鈴響了。Asshegrewolder，shegainedinconfidence.隨著年齡的增長，她的自信心增強(qiáng)了?！菊`區(qū)警示】when作并列連詞，意為“這時”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime，用于以下句式：Iwasgoingupstairstotakemyumbrellawhensuddenlythehouseoppositetomyhousecollapsed.我正要上樓拿傘，這時我家對面的那所房子突然倒塌了。（2）表示“一……就……”的連詞a.assoonas，themoment，theminute，theinstant，immediately，directlyThemomentshesawhim，sheblushedandhurriedlylefttheroom.她一看見他，臉就紅了，并慌忙地離開了房間。b.hardly/barely/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，主句用過去完成時，when或than所在從句用一般過去時。Thevoteshadscarcelybeencounted，whenthetelephonerang.選票一統(tǒng)計好，電話就響了。（3）before和sinceItmaybemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves.這種狀況或許要過很多年才能得到改善。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我們多久沒去看戲了？（4）until/tillShedidn’tstartthelessonuntil/tillthestudentssettleddown.直到學(xué)生們安靜下來，她才開始上課?！菊`區(qū)警示】until/till用于肯定句，表示“直到……為止”，主句謂語動詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動詞；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在主句謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞，until可置于句首。（5）everytime，eachtime，nexttime，thefirsttime，bythetime引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthetask，theguestswillgetback.當(dāng)你完成任務(wù)時，客人就回來了。二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句where和whereverThiskindofmedicineshouldnotbeplacedwhereitisaccessibletochildren.這種藥品不應(yīng)該放在兒童拿得到的地方。Wherevershegoes，therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.無論她去哪里，都有成群的人等著見她。三、原因狀語從句because，since，as，seeingthat（鑒于，由于），nowthat，inthat（由于），consideringthat（考慮到，就……而論），inasmuchas（既然，由于），giventhat（鑒于，考慮到）Nowthatbothofmygrandparentshaveretiredfromtheirjobsinthecity，howtheyaregoingtospendtheirretirementisanimportantdecisionforthem.既然我的祖父母都已經(jīng)從城市的崗位退休了，如何度過他們的退休生活對他們來說是一個重要的決定。Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedaboutbadtables”giventhatthey’reprofitable.結(jié)論是餐廳老板不需要“過分擔(dān)心差的餐位”，因為它們是可獲利的。四、條件狀語從句if，unless，as/solongas（只要），providing/providedthat（如果），supposethat（假如），incasethat（萬一），onconditionthat（如果）Nothingwillchangeaslongastheworkerscontinuetoaccepttheseappallingconditions.只要工人們繼續(xù)接受這些極為惡劣的條件，情況將不會有任何改變。Youcangooutprovidingthatyouhavetofinishyourhomework.你可以出去，條件是你得完成家庭作業(yè)。五、讓步狀語從句though，although，evenif/though，as，while，nomatter+疑問詞，疑問詞+ever，whether...or...（無論……還是……）Evenif/thoughmuseumshavebeggedtoborrowhercollection，shecouldneversplititup.盡管博物館已懇求過借用她的收藏品，但她永遠(yuǎn)都不會把收藏品分開。Twopeopleinloveareathomewherevertheyare，nomatterhowoftentheymove.無論在哪里，不管多么經(jīng)常搬家，兩個相愛的人都會過得舒舒服服。【誤區(qū)警示】as，though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時采用倒裝的兩種特殊情況①若是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞最高級作表語，省略冠詞。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass，hespeaksEnglishbest.他雖然是我們班年齡最小的，但英語說得最好。②行為動詞前置時，從句主語后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would；若沒有，需加上do（does或did）。Searchastheywouldhereandthere，theycouldfindnothingintheroom.他們盡管到處尋找，但在房間里找不到任何東西。Changeyourmindas/thoughyoudo，youwillgetnohelpfromus.你即使改變主意，也得不到我們的幫助。六、結(jié)果狀語從句sothat，so/such...that...（如此……以至于），totheextentthat（達(dá)到某種程度以至于），tosuchadegreethat（到如此程度以至于）Itwassuchagoodfilmthatweallwenttoseeit.電影如此好以至于我們都去看了。Westartedforthepeakearly，sothatwesawthesunrise.我們很早就動身去山頂，結(jié)果我們看到了日出。七、方式狀語從句as，asif/thoughHehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair，whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.他留著濃密的胡子和長長的白發(fā)，有時白發(fā)挺立，就好像剛遭了電擊?！菊`區(qū)警示】asif/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句與事實相反時，通常用虛擬語氣：與現(xiàn)在的情況相反時，用一般過去時；與過去情況相反時，用過去完成時；與將來情況相反時，用“would/could/should/might+動詞原形”。八、目的狀語從句sothat，inorderthat，lest（唯恐；以免），incase，forfearthat（唯恐），totheendthat（為……起見）Ihadmycameraready，incaseIsawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.我把照相機(jī)準(zhǔn)備好，萬一看到什么值得拍的就可以拍下來。Sometimeswearenotsatisfiedwithwhatourfrienddoes，butwewillnotpointitoutforfearthatwemightlosethatfriend.有時我們對朋友的所作所為并不滿意，但我們不會指出來，唯恐可能失去那個朋友?！緦Ρ取磕康臓钫Z從句中常有can，could，may，might，will，would，should等情態(tài)動詞。而結(jié)果狀語從句表示客觀事實，謂語動詞用陳述語氣，從句中常無情態(tài)動詞。九、比較狀語從句as...as...，than，the+比較級...，the+比較級...，notas/so...as...Apparently，manypeoplebelievethatthelongertimeapersonspendsatwork，themoreheaccomplishes.很明顯，許多人相信一個人工作的時間越長，他（取得）的成就越多。十、狀語從句的省略為了簡潔起見，有的狀語從句（如時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、方式狀語從句等）有時可省略從句的主語和部分謂語（尤其是當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，且從句謂語包括動詞be時）：Hefellasleepwhile（hewas）doinghishomework.他在做家庭作業(yè)時睡著了。While（hewas）doingso，hetrembledalittle.他這樣做時稍稍顫抖了一下。Heopenedhismouthasif（hewas）tospeak.他張開嘴，似乎要說點(diǎn)兒什么。Oftenshewouldweepwhen（shewas）alone.她一個人時，常常哭泣。I’dliketoseeyouwhenever（it’s）convenient.在你方便的時候我想來看看你。If（youare）travellingnorth，youmustchangeatLeeds.如果你是向北行，你必須在利茲換車。【誤區(qū)警示】有些由if構(gòu)成的省略結(jié)構(gòu)，已屬固定短語，如ifany，ifnecessary，ifpossible，ifnot，ifso：Therearefew，ifany，mistakesinthatbook.那本書就是有錯誤也不多。Ifnecessary，ringmeathome.如果必要，可以打電話到我家找我。Ifpossible，Iwishtogotherenextsummer.如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。Hemaybebusy.Ifso，I’llcalllater.Ifnot，canIseehimnow?他可能很忙，要是這樣，我以后再來拜訪。要是不忙，我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎？單句語法填空1.

youwanttoworkasatranslator，youneedfluencyinatleastoneforeignlanguage.2.

aproblemarose，sherespondedwithhercharacteristic.“Noproblem，Icanhandleit.”3.Hewassoabsurd

hepredictedthatthesunwillnotrisetomorrow.4.Feelingsofpowerlessnessanddespairoftenmakeusoverwhelmed

webringourproblemsundercontrol.If

Whenthatunless5.Irefusedhisinvitationtohisflatforcoffee

Ididn’tthinkthathismotiveswereentirelypure.6.Putthebulbsinatransparentplasticbox，inorder

thechildrencanseetherootsgrowing.7.

sheworkedhard，thecompanynevergaveheranyrecognitionforherwork.8.CarlandMartinmayinherittheirgrandmother’spossessions_______

shedies.

becausethatAlthough/Though

after9.Nomatter

happens，don’tbepessimisticaboutyourlife.10.Wecan’tprotecttheenvironment

largecorporationssensetheirdutytocooperate.what

untilⅡ單句寫作隨著疾病在它身上蔓延，你可以看到這條可憐的狗一天天衰弱下去。（as）2.我想徹底確定這是什么意思，因為這可能是一個模棱兩可的短語。（because）3.度假的花費(fèi)比我們預(yù)料的要多得多。（than）Youcouldseethepoordogweakeningdailyasthediseasespreadthroughitsbody.

Iwanttobequitecertainwhatismeant，becausethatcanbeanambiguousphrase.Theholidaycostalotmorethanwehadanticipated.4.一旦你體驗過奢侈品，你就很難再滿足于其他任何東西了。（once）5.雕像伸出的手看起來像是要撫摸一個孩子。（asif）6.格林夫人把她的理論解釋得很清楚，我們都能理解。（so...that）

7.這座橋需要加固，以確保通往城市的門戶的安全。（inorderthat）Onceyou’vetastedluxuriesit’sveryhardtosettleforanythingelse.Thestatue’soutstretchedhandlooksasifitwantstostrokeachild.MadameGreenexplainedhertheorysoclearlythatweallcouldunderstandit.Thebridgeneedsstrengtheninginorderthatthegatewaytothecitycanbesecured.8.你必須按照你的英語老師告訴你的那樣練習(xí)，以提高你的口語流利度。（as）9.無論你多么深思熟慮，都有遺漏的地方。（nomatterhow）10.在權(quán)衡利弊時，你可以考慮這一點(diǎn)。（whiledoing）YoumustpracticeasyourEnglishteachertoldyoutoimproveyouroralfluency.Nomatterhowthoughtfulyouare，therearealwaysthingsyoumiss.Youcantakethisintoaccountwhileweighinguptheadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ⅲ語法填空Learninganewlanguageisrewarding1

ittakestimeanddevotion.2

youdo，beingfluent3______

asecondlanguageoffersmanybenefitsandopportunities.Itwillhelpyoualotinlife，especiallyintoday’sglobalsociety.First，learningasecondlanguagewillmakeyouastrongercandidate4

yousearchforjobs.Second，medicalstudieshaveshownthatlearningasecondlanguagehassuchpositiveeffectsonthebrain5

youcandelaymanybraindiseases.though/althoughOnce

in

when

that

Third，learninganewlanguagecanopenupawholenewworldforyou.Forexample，6

youcanspeakEnglishfluently，youcantravel7

youwanttogoandwon’thavetrouble

__________________（communicate）.Youwillhaveamuchbetterexperience，andyoucanlearnalot9

youtalktopeoplefromdifferentcultureswhomayhavedifferentpointsofview.10__________

ithasbeenproventhatitiseasierforchildrentolearnasecondlanguage，itiscertainlynevertoolatetolearnasecondlanguageatanyage.So，let’sdoitrightnow.ifwherever

communicating

if

Although/ThoughLanguagepoints1ThegeophysicistHuangDanian，whopractisedcoresocialistvalues，isagoodexample.地球物理學(xué)家黃大年就是這樣一位楷模，他踐行了社會主義核心價值觀。coreadj.核心的；最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分Weneedtoconcentrateonourcorebusiness.我們需要集中在核心業(yè)務(wù)上?！驹~塊背誦】thecorevalues核心價值觀

thecoresubject核心科目核心詞匯題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法完成句子（1）Eachstudentstudiesfour

（核心科目）.（2）Wewillfirmlypreserve

（核心價值觀）ofoursociety.coresubjectsthecorevalues

2EventuallyheresignedhispostintheUK...最終，他辭去了在英國的職位……resignvt.&vi.辭職，辭去搭配

resignas+身份名詞辭去……的職務(wù)resignfrom+工作單位從……辭職 Heresignedfromthecompany.他從公司辭職了?！就卣埂縭esignationn.辭職；辭職信，辭呈Therewerecallsforherresignationfromthecommittee.有人要求她辭去委員會中的職務(wù)?！驹~塊背誦】resignone’sposition/post/seat辭去某人的職務(wù)

aletterofresignation辭職信單句語法填空（1）MrSmithresigned

headmasterlastmonth.（2）Ashehasbecomeold，heintendstoresign

thecompany.（3）He

（resign）hispostbecausehehadbeenofferedabetterjob.（4）The

（resign）cameasacompletesurprise.as

fromresignedresignation3IwasfeelingguiltybecauseIwascheatingmyfans...我感到內(nèi)疚因為我欺騙了我的粉絲……guilty

adj.感到內(nèi)疚的，感到慚愧的；有罪的，有過失的搭配

beguiltyof犯……罪feelguiltyabout對……感到內(nèi)疚 Hewasguiltyofmurder，andwassentencedtodeath.他犯謀殺罪，被判死刑。Ifeltguiltyaboutnotvisitingmyparentsmoreoften.我因沒有更經(jīng)常去看望父母而感到內(nèi)疚。單句語法填空（1）Thejudgedeclaredhim

（guilt）.（2）Somejournalistsareguilty

reportingfalsenews.（3）Don’tfeel

（guilt）aboutmakingmistakes.Everyonecanmakemistakes.guilty

of

guiltycheatvt.欺騙，蒙騙vi.作弊，舞弊搭配

cheatsb.intodoingsth.欺騙某人做某事cheatsb.（out）ofsth.從某人那里騙取某物 HecheatedmeintothinkingthatIhadwon.他欺騙我誤認(rèn)為自己贏了。Hecheatswhenplayingcards.他玩牌時作弊。單句語法填空（1）Manypeoplefeel

（cheat）bythecompany’srefusaltorefund.（2）Manyoldpeoplehavebeencheated

buyingexpensivehealthcareproducts.cheated

into

4Iwassoashamedofmyself.我為自己感到羞愧。ashamedadj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬搭配

be/feelashamedof為……感到羞愧beashamedthat...對……感到慚愧beashamedtodosth.做某事而感到慚愧 Shewasdeeplyashamedofbeingdefeatedasecondtime.再次被擊敗，她深感羞愧?！就卣埂浚?）shamen