2024年人教版高二英語講義（選擇性必第三冊(cè)）Unit 3 Environmental Protection：Period 2 Discovering Useful Structures-（學(xué)案）(原卷版)

選擇性必修第三冊(cè)Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)002課堂探究一、直接引語和間接引語[合作探究1]Whatisthefeatureofthegroupofsentences?Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”(Para1)Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)1]Directspeech(直接引語)直接引述別人的話Indirectspeech(間接引語)用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話[合作探究2]Lookatthesentencesanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.(1)Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.(2)Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.(3)“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)2]引述別人的話有兩種方式：一種是使用引號(hào)引出他人的原話，這叫做直接引語；另一種是用自己的話把他人的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，文中不需要引號(hào)，這叫做間接引語。[名師提醒]Johnsaid,“I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.”約翰說：“我要和父親到倫敦去?！保ㄒ?hào)內(nèi)是直接引語）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語從句是間接引語）一般來說，直接引語和間接引語之間轉(zhuǎn)化要點(diǎn)包括時(shí)態(tài)變化、代詞變化、地點(diǎn)狀語變化、時(shí)間狀語變化、方向性動(dòng)詞變化和語序變化等。二、直接引語變間接引語如何變?nèi)朔Q[合作探究3]Shesaid,“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?”→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)3]“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化?！岸S賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱，或被第二人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱?！暗谌朔Q不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化三、直接引語變間接引語如何變時(shí)態(tài)[合作探究4]Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→ShesaidshehadlostapenShesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.4.Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesaroundthe

sun

andthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)4]直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。通常是將賓語之中的時(shí)態(tài)往后推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過去完成時(shí)[名師提醒]在下列情況下直接引語時(shí)態(tài)不需要變：是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣的工作以及格言等內(nèi)容時(shí)；直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)可以不變；有明確表示過去時(shí)間的狀語；沒有過去時(shí)形式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（例：oughtto，must,need,hadbetter,）和已經(jīng)是過去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could,should,would,might,usedto）；(5）如果直接引語中含有since,when,while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過去時(shí)則不變。四、直接引語變間接引語如何變狀語[合作探究5]Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)5]直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)閠hedaybefore）。地點(diǎn)狀語，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this改為that）[名師提醒]指示代詞this–thatthese–those表示時(shí)間的詞now–thentoday–thatdaythisweek(month,etc.)–thatweek(month,etc.)yesterday–thedaybeforelastweek(month)–theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)ago–threedays(ayear)before表示地點(diǎn)的詞here–there動(dòng)詞bring–takecome–go五、直接引語變間接引語如何變語序[合作探究6]“Iseverybodyhere?”Theteacherasked.→Theteacheraskedif/whethereverybodywasthere.[自主發(fā)現(xiàn)6]一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序。一般疑問句添加if/whether后使用陳述語序，特殊疑問句則在疑問詞后使用陳述語序。[名師提醒]語序變化規(guī)律連接詞語序陳述句that或省略不變一般疑問句引述動(dòng)詞后加上if或whether陳述語序特殊疑問句連接詞不變陳述語序祈使句無連接詞不變總結(jié)直接引語變間接引語需注意：1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化2.人稱的變化3.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動(dòng)詞的變化4.語序變化【學(xué)以致用1】將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語Herearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.Diane“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual?”“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory?”Martha“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”“I’mdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”Bob“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic?”“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened?”Laura“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting?”“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals?”Vincent“I’veneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere?”【學(xué)以致用2】句型轉(zhuǎn)換（直接引語變間接引語如何變?nèi)朔Q）（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tom，”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthat_________wouldgoandsee_________againthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethat_________waswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier?”heasked.→Heaskedif/whether_________wasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John?”→HeaskedJohnwhere_________wasgoingtogetoff.【學(xué)以致用3】句型轉(zhuǎn)換（直接引語變間接引語如何變狀語）（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewould_________andhelpher________________.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain__________________.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday?”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwith_________youngmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlived_________fiveyears_________【學(xué)以致用4】句型轉(zhuǎn)換（直接引語變間接引語如何變時(shí)態(tài)）（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat__________________doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat__________________anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat__________________gotheretohavealongholiday.（4）Theteachersaid，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”→Theteachersaidthatwherethere_________awill，there_________away.（5）Janesaid，“Mary，wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouonthebus?”→JaneaskedMarywhere__________________whenshemetheronthebus.【學(xué)以致用5】句型轉(zhuǎn)換（直接引語變間接引語如何變語序）（1）Hesaid，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldme_________he_________hisbookinmyroom.（2）Shesaid，“DoyoulikewatchingtheadvertisementsonTV?”→Sheaskedme_________I_________watchingtheadvertisementsonTV.（3）“Wheredidyoufindtheadsforjobsabroad?”Billasked.→Billasked__________________theadsforjobsabroad.（4）“Whatareyoudoingnow?”Momasked.→Momasked__________________then.（5）Hesaid，“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.” →He_________again_________.（6）Hesaid，“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，boys.”→Hetoldtheboys_________somuchnoise.003隨堂小練Ⅰ單句語法填空1.Iaskedher

_______manyEnglishbooksshewouldread

thenextterm.2.Heaskedher

_______wasthematterwithher.3.Petersaidthatitwasafinedayandaskedme______(go)tothecountryforapicnicwithhim.4.HesaidColumbus

_______(discover)

Americain1492.5.Thepoliceman

warnedthechildren______(notplay)

footballinthemiddleofthestreet.6.Hesaysthathelikessingingand_______hewantstobeasinger.

7.Shesaidthattheirbus_________(arrive)in

five

minutes.8.Heaskedme_________Ihadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.9.Hesaidthatpractice________(make)perfect.10.ThemomentIgothome,mywifeaskedme__________Ihadbeentothehospital.Ⅱ句型轉(zhuǎn)換，將直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語。1.Shesaidtome,“I’mstudyingEnglishthesedays.”→Shetoldme____________________________English_______days.2.“Shallwemeetatthetheatre?”hesaid.

→Hesuggested______________________atthetheatre.

→Hesuggestedour_________atthetheatre.3.Heasked,“Whichonedoyoulikebest？”→Heasked____________________________best.4.Thismorninghesaid,“I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.”→Thismorninghesaidthat_______________________forBeijing________.5.Hesaid,“Willyoudoit?”andIsaid,“Yes.”→Heasked____________________________itandIsaidthat_______________.6.

The

teacher

said,“Light

travelsmuch

faster

than

sound.”→The

teachersaid

______________

much

faster

than

sound．7.“Have

they

tasted

the

mixture?”he

asked.

→He

asked______________________________

the

mixture.

Ⅲ能力提升(用間接引語翻譯下列句子)1.小王說，他出生于1994年2月18日。Xiao

Wang

said

he

_______________.2.湯姆說昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候他們正在進(jìn)行一個(gè)會(huì)議。(hold)Tomsaidthatthey_______________thattimethedaybefore.3.他問瑪麗是否已被送進(jìn)醫(yī)院。(send)Heasked_______________.4.這書已譯成多種語言。(translate)Thebook

_______________manylanguages.5.已經(jīng)多次告訴你不要觸摸這些照片。(tell)You_______________thepictures.6.他說這些書將發(fā)給學(xué)生。(give)Hesaidthatthebooks

_______________tothestudents.7.有人建議她吃這種藥。(advise)Shewas_______________.8.他說他的第一位老師至少十年前就去世了。Hesaidhisfirstteacher_______________.9.到去年末，大約二百萬個(gè)漢字翻譯成了英語。____________,about2millionChinesecharacters_______________English

.10.警察發(fā)現(xiàn)該房已被非法闖入，很多東西失竊。(breakinto)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse_______________

andalotofthings_____________.004培優(yōu)提升一、單句語法填空1.Shesaidthattheirtrain____________(arrive)infiveminutes.2.Mymotheraskedme__________Ihadfinishedthehomework.3.TomtoldmethathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish____nextday.4.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatthesun_____(rise)intheeast.5.Theoldmanaskedmybrotherwhathe________(do)therethedaybefore.