高中英語北師大版選擇性必修一UNIT 1 Period 6　Focus on Language-Past Perfect

Period6FocusonLanguage—PastPerfect感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題。1．BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme，sciencehadsimplybeenasubjectfullofstrangewordstome.2．IrememberGrahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehaviour.3．IknewIhadchosenajobwithalotofstressbutIlovewhatIdo.以上句子中加黑部分是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為had＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，表示事情發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。一、構(gòu)成方式謂語部分由“had＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。二、用法說明1．表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。Bynineo’clocklastnight，wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張從宇宙飛船發(fā)來的圖片。Whentheyarrived，theenemyhadabandonedthetownandrunaway.他們到達(dá)時(shí)，敵人已經(jīng)放棄了那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子，并逃走了。2．過去完成時(shí)是一種相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)，一定要有一個(gè)作參照的過去時(shí)間或過去動(dòng)作，否則，就不能用過去完成時(shí)。但下列三種情況雖然有先后發(fā)生的兩個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作，卻用一般過去時(shí)。(1)先后發(fā)生的一系列連貫動(dòng)作，但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后時(shí)，最后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞用then，and，but等連接，這時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。Heenteredtheroom，turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.他走進(jìn)房間，打開燈，讀了一份晚報(bào)。(2)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是緊接著發(fā)生的，可用一般過去時(shí)。WhenIheardthenews，Iwasveryexcited.我聽到那個(gè)消息時(shí)，非常興奮。(3)敘述歷史事實(shí)或“in＋過去的年份”作時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)。OurteachertoldusthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.我們老師告訴我們哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。3．表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一過去時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一樣，也常與solong，forthreedays等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。WhenJackarrived，helearnedMaryhadbeenawayforalmostanhour.當(dāng)杰克到達(dá)時(shí)，他才得知瑪麗已經(jīng)離開差不多一個(gè)小時(shí)了。4．表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算。表示希望或打算的動(dòng)詞，如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等的過去完成時(shí)，后常接不定式，表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，即“本來希望或打算做某事(但卻沒做)”。Ihadintendedtospeak，buttimedidnotpermit.我本想發(fā)言，可是時(shí)間不允許。Wehadhopedthatyoucouldcome，butyoudidn’t.我們?cè)鞠Ｍ隳軄恚銢]有來。5．用于特殊句式中：hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...，It/That/Thiswasthefirst/second/...time(that)．..等。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他剛開始演講，聽眾就打斷了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.那是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。三、過去完成時(shí)的判斷1．由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般來說，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：(1)by＋過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo’clocklastnight.昨晚九點(diǎn)我已經(jīng)看完了這本小說。(2)bytheendof＋過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩千多個(gè)英語單詞。(3)before＋過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.在上星期三之前，他們已經(jīng)種了六百棵樹了。2．由“過去的過去”來判定過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：(1)賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.她說她之前已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。(2)狀語從句中在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。Afterhehadfinishedhishomework，hewenttobed.完成作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺了。注意：before，after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。Afterheclosedthedoor，helefttheclassroom.他關(guān)上門以后，離開了教室。3．根據(jù)上下文來判定ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn’tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.昨天我在街上遇見了王滔。自從他去了北京，我們就沒有見過面。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ihadfinished(finish)myhomeworkbeforemymothercamebackhomeafterwork.2．Alltheticketshadbeensold(sell)outwhenMarygottothecinema.3．Shehadfinished(finish)readingthefourgreatclassicsofChinabeforegoingtomiddleschool.4．Nosoonerhad(have)wegothomethantherainbegantopourdown.5．Hetoldusthathehadbeen(be)ateacherforalmost20years.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Mostoftheguestshadleftwhenshehurriedtothepartyafteranendlessdelay.因?yàn)橐辉俚⒄`，當(dāng)她趕到晚會(huì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)，大多數(shù)客人已經(jīng)離開了。2．Bythe1990s，thenumberoftheTibetanantelopeshadfallentoabout50,000.截止到20世紀(jì)90年代，藏羚羊的數(shù)量下降到了大約5萬只。3．Hardlyhadthechildrenheardthebellringingwhentheypouredoutoftheclassroom.剛一聽見鈴聲，孩子們就蜂擁出了教室。4．Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbroughthislifedreamintoreality.這是他第三次把自己的人生理想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。5．Ihadintendedtoaccompanyyoutothedentistyesterday，butIwastoobusy.我昨天本打算陪你去看牙醫(yī)，但是我太忙了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ihadbeen(be)atthebusstopfornearly2minuteswhenabusfinallycame.2．Theyhadfinished(finish)two-thirdsoftheirprojectbytheendoflastmonth.3．Nosoonerhad(have)heheardthebadnewsthanheburstintotearsonthespot.4．Likeeveryschoolboy，Ihadthought(think)thatgoingintospaceasanastronautmustbethebestjobintheworld.5．IcameacrossmyformerEnglishteacher，whomIhadn’tseen(see)sinceIgraduated.6．Theplacewasn’tascleanaswehadwanted(want)ittobe.Ⅱ.單句寫作1．那已經(jīng)是他第三次犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤了。Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehadmadethesamemistake.2．當(dāng)我到達(dá)指定地點(diǎn)時(shí)，活動(dòng)已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。WhenIarrivedattheappointedplace，theeventhadcometoanend.3．我們本來希望能在10點(diǎn)前到達(dá)，但是被耽誤了。Wehadhopedtobeabletoarrivebeforeten，butweweredelayed.4．第二天早晨我們剛離開宿舍就意識(shí)到把地圖落在房間了。Hardly/Nosoonerhadweleftthedormitorythenextmorningwhen/thanwerealizedwehadleftourmapintheroom.Ⅲ.閱讀理解WhenastrangergaveDanielleandherhusbandNathanaboxofonionswhichtheylaterfoundtheydidn’tneed，shedecidedtopassthekindnesson.Mindfulofmanyfamiliesstrugglingtofeedtheirlovedones，Danielleplacedtheonionsoutsideherhomewithasignencouraginglocalsto“takewhatyouneed，sharewhatyoucan”．Now，oneyearon，theirstand(攤位)，calledthe“WaverleyCo-op”，providesthousandsoflocalswith500kgoffruit，vegetables，andbreadeachweek.“Residentsandcharitiesdonatesomeproduce，andwetopthisupwith$100offreshfruitandotherfoods，”saysDanielle，whoexplainsthatothersbeganaddingtothestandwiththeirowndonations.“Acommonstorywehearisthattheitemspeopletakefromthestandenablethemtosaveafewextradollarssotheycanaffordtobuymeatthatweek.”ForanewmumStacey，it’dbeenthelifelinesheneededtokeepfoodonthetableforherfamily.Lastyear，the33-year-old’sone-year-oldsonKaidanranintoahotfirescreen，badlyburninghishandsandforehead.Then，herhusbandlosthisjob.WithKaidanneedingurgentmedicalcareinHobart200kmaway，themotherspentfourweeksatherson’sbedsidebeforereturninghome，whichledtopilesofoverduebillsathome.“WithoutthehelpoftheWaverleyCo-op，wewouldn’thavehadfoodornappies，”saysStacey，whodiscoveredthevolunteer-ledstandbywordofmouth.“Ithasbeenablessingtohearthestoriesandmeetthepeopleinourcommunity，”saysDanielle，whocouldn’tbehappierthataboxofonionsbroughtsomanypeopletogether.“Theinvisibleatmosphereoftrust，support，andconnection—that’sbeenthebiggestsuccess！”語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Danielle和Nathan夫婦把用不到的洋蔥轉(zhuǎn)贈(zèng)給有需要的人，并受此啟發(fā)建立了一個(gè)名為“WaverleyCo-op”的專門幫助他人的攤位，并產(chǎn)生了重大的影響。1．HowdidDanielledealwiththeonions?A．Shefedherfamilyonthem.B．Shedonatedthemtoastand.C．Sheletotherstakethemaway.D．Sheexchangedthemforfreshfruit.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Danielle把洋蔥放到屋外，讓有需要的人拿走它們。故選C。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutStacey?A．Shecouldmerelypaythebills.B．Sheheardaboutthestandfromothers.C．ShestayedforayearinHobart.D．Shewasjoblessafterherson’saccident.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的“bywordofmouth”可知，Stacey是從人們口中聽說Danielle的攤位的。故選B。3．WhatdoestheWaverleyCo-opfinallybringinDanielle’sopinion?A．Abundantfoodsources.B．Movingstoriesofstrangers.C．Strengthenedbondsamongpeople.D．Increasedcommunicationwithlocals.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，WaverleyCo-op最大的成功之處在于建立了居民之間無形的信任、支持和聯(lián)系，這能加強(qiáng)人與人之間的聯(lián)系。故選C。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ANewMotherSavedHerSonB．TheWaverleyCo-opGavePeopleHopeC．DanielleBroughtHappinesstoPeopleD．ASmallStandMadeAlltheDifference答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其根據(jù)第一段“Whenastrangergave...passthekindnesson.”以及最后一段“Ithasbeenablessing...that’sbeenthebiggestsuccess！”可知，Danielle通過一個(gè)小小的攤位，最終將善意傳遞到整個(gè)社區(qū)，強(qiáng)化了人與人之間的聯(lián)系，是一個(gè)巨大的成功，所以D項(xiàng)“小小的攤位產(chǎn)生了重大影響”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選D。Ⅳ.完形填空(2023·江蘇淮安高中校協(xié)作體高二上期中)Parentsfeelthatitisdifficulttolivewithteenagers.Thenagain，teenagershave1feelingsabouttheirparents，sayingthatitisnoteasylivingwiththem.Accordingtoarecentresearch，themostcommon2betweenparentsandteenagersisthatregardinguntidinessanddailyroutinetasks.Ontheonehand，parentsgomadover3rooms，clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildren’srefusaltohelpwiththe4.Ontheotherhand，teenagerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor5thetowelinthebathroom，notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.Theresearch，conductedbyStGeorgeUniversity，showsthatdifferentparentshavedifferent6totheseproblems.However，someapproachesaremore7thanothers.Forexample，thoseparentswhoyellattheirchildrenfortheiruntidiness，but8cleantheroomforthem，havefewerchancesofchangingtheirchildren’s9.Onthecontrary，thosewholetteenagersexperiencethe10oftheiractionscandobetter.Forexample，whenteenagerswhodon’thelptheirparentswiththeshoppingdon’tfindtheirfavoritedrinkintherefrigerator，theyareforcedto11theiractions.Psychologistssaythat12isthemostimportantthinginparent-childrelationships.Parentsshould13totheirchildrenbutatthesametimetheyshouldlendaneartowhattheyhavetosay.Parentsmay14theirchildrenwhentheyareuntidybuttheyshouldalsounderstandthattheirroomistheirownprivatespace.Communicationisatwo-wayprocess.Itisonlybylisteningtoand15eachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了家長和孩子如何相處的問題。)1．A.natural B．strongC．guilty D．similar答案D解析natural自然的；strong強(qiáng)壯的；guilty有罪的；similar相似的。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，孩子和父母有著相似的感覺。2．A.interest B．a(chǎn)rgumentC．link D．knowledge答案B解析interest興趣；argument爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵；link聯(lián)系；knowledge知識(shí)。根據(jù)下文“parentsgomadover...”以及“teenagerslosetheirpatience”可知，此處是說父母和孩子之間的爭(zhēng)吵。3．A.noisy B．crowdedC．messy D．locked答案C解析noisy喧鬧的；crowded擁擠的；messy雜亂的；locked上鎖的。根據(jù)下文“clothesthrownonthefloor”可知，此處指凌亂的房間。4．A.homework B．houseworkC．problem D．research答案B解析homework家庭作業(yè)；housework家務(wù)；problem難題；research研究，調(diào)查。根據(jù)上文“regardinguntidinessanddailyroutinetasks”可知，此處指孩子們拒絕幫父母做家務(wù)。5．A.washing B．usingC．dropping D．replacing答案C解析wash洗；use使用；drop丟下；replace更換，替代。根據(jù)下文“inthebathroom，notcleaningup...”可知，此處指把毛巾丟在浴室。6．A.approaches B．contributionsC．introductions D．a(chǎn)ttitudes答案A解析approach方法，途徑；contribution貢獻(xiàn)；introduction介紹，入門；attitude態(tài)度，看法。根據(jù)下文“someapproaches”可知，此處指不同父母處理這些問題的方法不盡相同。7．A.complex B．popularC．scientific D．successful答案D解析complex復(fù)雜的；popular受歡迎的；scientific科學(xué)的；successful成功的。根據(jù)下文可知，通過對(duì)不同父母的不同做法的比較，表明了一些父母的成功做法。8．A.later B．deliberatelyC．seldom D．thoroughly答案A解析later后來；deliberately故意地；seldom很少；thoroughly徹底。but表轉(zhuǎn)折，父母先是責(zé)備孩子，但是后來又幫他們收拾。9．A.behavior B．tasteC．future D．nature答案A解析behavior行為；taste味道；future未來；nature天性，本性。根據(jù)下文中的“theiractions”可知，此處是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，指改變孩子的行為。10．A.failures B．changesC．consequences D．thrills答案C解析failure失敗；change變化；consequence后果；thrill興奮。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指讓青少年體驗(yàn)他們不當(dāng)行為的后果。11．A.defend B．delayC．repeat D．reconsider答案D解析defend防御；delay耽擱；repeat重復(fù)；reconsider重新考慮。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指青少年被迫重新考慮他們的行為。12．A.communication B．bondC．friendship D．trust答案A解析communication交流；bond結(jié)合；friendship友誼；trust信任。根據(jù)下文“Communicationisatwo-wayprocess.Itis...canbesettled.”可知，溝通在親子關(guān)系中最重要。13．A.reply B．a(chǎn)ttendC．a(chǎn)ttach D．talk答案D解析reply回答；attend照顧；attach附加，系；talk說話。根據(jù)下文“atthesametimetheyshouldlendaneartowhattheyhavetosay”可知，此處是talkto“和……交流”。14．A.hate B．scoldC．frighten D．stop答案B解析hate討厭；scold責(zé)備；frighten嚇唬；stop阻止。根據(jù)第一段中“gomadoverrooms”以及下文“whentheyareuntidy”可知，父母看到孩子的房間凌亂時(shí)可能會(huì)責(zé)備他們。15．A.loving B．observingC．understanding D．praising答案C解析love愛；observe觀察；understand理解；praise表揚(yáng)。只有善于傾聽并且相互理解，才能解決親子間的問題。Ⅴ.語法填空OneofthebiggestInternet1.(succeed)isawebsitecalledFriendsReunited.FriendsReunitedbringstogether—thatis，unites—oldfriends,2.usedtobeclose，buthavenotseeneachotherforalongtime.Thewebsitewasbegunin1999byaLondoncouplecalledStephenandJuliePankhurst.Juliewantedtoknowwhatheroldschoolfriendsweredoing.Didtheyallhavefamilies3.theirown?Didtheystillliveinthesamearea？...Stephenandhisbusinesspartner，JasonPorter，built4.website.Slowly，peopleheardaboutthesiteandbecameinterested.Bytheendof2000thesitehadhad3,000members.Thenthewebsite5.(mention)onaradioprogrammeandafterwardsthesitebecame6.(increase)popular.Howcanyoufindoldfriends7.(use)FriendsReunited?It’sveryeasy.Peoplejointhewebsiteandgiveinformationabout8.—thenameoftheiroldschool，theneighbo