高中英語外研版必修第二冊Unit 5 Period 3　Using language--ing as attributive

Period3Usinglanguage—-ingasattributive感知以下句子，并完成方框下面的練習(xí)1．Inlessthan18months，therewereover200,000peoplereadingmyblog!2．Itwasachallengingjob，butIdidit.3．NowIspendthreeweeksoutofeverymonthtravellingandhaveover464,000fansfollowingmeonline.4．...Ilovethebrightlightandamazingcolours：redrocks，greenplants，blue-greenwatersandblueskies.5．Ilovetophotographtherisingsun，soIforcemyselfintothenaturalworldbywakingearlyeachday.6．Overtime，thiscouldmakeheradangertopeoplelivinginthearea.7．Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.8．ThewashingmachineIboughtlastmonthdidn'tworkwell.1．以上句子中，句2,4和5中為單個的現(xiàn)在分詞放在被修飾名詞的前面作定語，被稱為前置定語；句1,3和6中為現(xiàn)在分詞短語放在被修飾名詞的后面作定語，被稱為后置定語。2．現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語時，其作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，它和被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行或習(xí)慣性的動作。3．句7、8中的-ing形式是動名詞。動名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種性能、屬性或作用、用途，相當(dāng)于由介詞for構(gòu)成的介詞短語，常位于被修飾詞之前。動詞-ing形式既包括動名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞，在英語中使用極其廣泛，同時也是高考中的重要考點。1．動名詞(短語)作定語表示被修飾詞的屬性、作用或用途，作“供……用”講，相當(dāng)于由介詞for構(gòu)成的介詞短語，常置于被修飾詞之前。aswimmingpool＝apoolforswimming游泳池areadingroom＝aroomforreading閱覽室awashingmachine＝amachineforwashing洗衣機awalkingstick＝astickforwalking拐杖2．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語(1)位置現(xiàn)在分詞作定語在句中通常有兩個位置：如果是單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞之前作前置定語；如果是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，則常放在被修飾詞之后作后置定語。Heisanattackingplayer.他是一名攻擊型的運動員。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion.他問了一個令人難堪的問題。Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常摔倒。Doyouknowthenumberofpeoplecomingtotheparty？你知道來參加聚會的人數(shù)嗎？(2)功能表示被修飾詞的動作或狀態(tài)，被修飾詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主動關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。asleepingbaby＝ababywhoissleeping一個正在睡覺的嬰兒Theboystandingbythewindowismyclassmate.＝Theboywhoisstandingbythewindowismyclassmate.站在窗戶旁邊的那個男孩是我的同班同學(xué)。Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.＝Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.正在舞臺上表演的那個女孩有舞蹈天賦。3．動詞-ing形式作定語通常從以下四個方面考查(1)說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)、特征或用途。Theysetupanoperatingtableinasmalltemple.他們將手術(shù)臺架設(shè)在一座小廟里。Hemaybeinthereadingroom，forallIknow.據(jù)我所知，他可能在閱覽室里。Ladiesandgentlemen，pleasegoandwaitinthemeetingroom.女士們先生們，請到會議室等待。(2)與被修飾詞為主動關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。Therewereabout200childrenstudyingintheartschool.有大約二百個孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。WhoisthewomantalkingtoourEnglishteacher?正在和我們的英語老師談話的那位女士是誰？(3)有些動詞-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常作定語用來修飾物，表示“令人……的”。常用的此類詞有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，boring，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。Thatmusthavebeenaterrifyingexperience.那準(zhǔn)是一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。Theexperimentwasanamazingsuccess.那項實驗取得了驚人的成功。(4)如果動詞-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動關(guān)系，就用它的被動式，即beingdone。beingdone通常表示“正在被做”，常作后置定語。Thetallbuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.這座正在建設(shè)中的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。Thequestionbeingdiscussedwaspresentedbytheheadmaster.正在討論的問題是由校長提出的。注意：在下列情況下，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語，應(yīng)使用定語從句。(1)作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)表示的動作與主句謂語動詞表示的動作不是同時發(fā)生時，要使用定語從句。Theprofessorcominghereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(×)Theprofessorwhocamehereyesterdaywillgiveusalecture.(√)昨天來這兒的那位教授將給我們作講座。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)的完成式havingdone一般只用來作狀語，不作定語。Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.(×)Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.(√)被地震破壞的廟宇很快將被重建。4．過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式和動詞不定式的被動式作定語的區(qū)別(1)過去分詞(done)作定語，表示被動動作已完成。Thestadiumbuiltlastyearisthebiggestoneinourcity.去年建造的體育場是我們市最大的一個。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式(beingdone)作定語，表示被動動作正在發(fā)生。Thestadiumbeingbuiltnowwillbethebiggestoneinourcity.現(xiàn)在正在建造的體育場將是我們市最大的一個。(3)動詞不定式的被動式(tobedone)作定語，表示被動動作將要發(fā)生。Thestadiumtobebuiltnextyearwillbethebiggestoneinourcity.明年將要建造的體育場將是我們市最大的一個。教材聽力訓(xùn)練(見課堂精彩PPT)根據(jù)漢語提示補全短文Tomwasonhiswaytohisdestinationwhenhesawanoldman1.carryingawalkingstick(拿著拐杖的)crossingthestreet.Suddenlyhewashitbyacar2.comingfromtheoppositedirection(從相反方向來的)．Pedestrians3.passingby(路過的)allcametohelphim，butthecar4.knockinghimdown(撞倒他的)ranawayimmediately.Tomcalledthepolicequicklyandthankstothepeople5.offeringhelp(提供幫助的)，thedriverwasfinallycaught.Ⅰ.判斷下列句子中加黑詞匯的-ing形式是動名詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞1．We'reonatightbudgetandwemustimproveourworkingmethod.動名詞2．Lastnight，thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV.現(xiàn)在分詞3．Wecanwanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.現(xiàn)在分詞4．Todaytherearemoreairplanescarryingmorepeoplethaneverbefore.現(xiàn)在分詞5．IwasdrivingonmyroutewhenIsawaboyfallintotheswimmingpool.動名詞Ⅱ.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1．Thefactorywhichproducescarsisdefinitelythelargestoneinourcountry.→Thefactoryproducingcarsisdefinitelythelargestoneinourcountry.2．Hisnewbookthatwillbepublishednextmonthisbasedonhisownchildhoodstory.→Hisnewbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonhisownchildhoodstory.3．Babysitterswholookaftersmallchildrenusuallygetpaidbythehour.→Babysitterslookingaftersmallchildrenusuallygetpaidbythehour.4．Thegirlwhoissittingnexttomeismybestfriend.→Thegirlsittingnexttomeismybestfriend.5．Itisoneoftheproblemsthatarebeingdiscussednowatthemeeting.→Itisoneoftheproblemsbeingdiscussednowatthemeeting.Ⅲ.完成句子1．Thewomansittingonthechair(坐在椅子上的)ismyteacher.2．Severalstudentsarereadingbooksinthewaitingroom(候車室)．3．Iwanttomakefriendswiththestudentsplayingbasketballnow(正在打籃球的)．4．Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanketcoveringthedesert(覆蓋著沙漠)．5．Thestadiumbeingbuilt(在修建中的)atpresentisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.Ⅳ.閱讀理解Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano，aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglowinexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology，Stranosaid，couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種讓植物發(fā)光的技術(shù)。1．Whatdoesthestudyinthefirstparagraphmainlyfind?A．Differentplantsbeautifythecities.B．Greenplantshavebenefits.C．Thereisabigfallincrimerates.D．Employeeslikegreenplants.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample，discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.”可知，第一段的研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)了綠色植物有好處。故選B。2．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger. B．Tochangecompositionofplants.C．Totestchemicalsinplants. D．Todetectplants'lackofwater.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師在植物的葉子上打印的傳感器的功能是監(jiān)測植物是否缺水。故選D。3．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaysendelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可知，發(fā)光植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．CouldGlowingPlantsReplaceLamps?B．CanWeGrowMoreGlowingPlants?C．HowDoWeLivewithGlowingPlants?D．HowAreGlowingPlantsMadePollution-free?答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段以及全文可知，文章介紹了讓植物發(fā)光的技術(shù)的研發(fā)過程及其優(yōu)勢，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。可知，A選項“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。Ⅴ.完形填空WhenIwas25yearsold，Ihadabigdreaminmymindandlotsofthingsinmybackpack.IwantedtotravelaroundAfricawithmy1.SoIleftmyhometownwithgreatconfidenceand2inCapeTownonaone-wayticket，notreally3whattodonext.Luckily，beforemytripactuallystarted，Imetakind，oldNigerianman.Hegavemethebesttravel4Ieverreceived:“Belikeastudentonyourwayaroundtheworld.”Itsounds5，butitreallychangedmymindabouttravelling.Hehelpedmerealizethattravelisaboutlearningandobservingdifferent6.“It'sfartooeasytogointoa7countryforyouandbelieveyourwaysarebetter.Butifyoustudy，askquestions，and8tolearnfromthelocals，you'llhavefarricherexperience，”hepromisedme.Onothertrips9IwasonmytourwaytoCancun，Ididn'tknowthemansoIwasjustatourist.Ionlystayedthereforaweektoseethe10andplacesofinterestandthenleft.Theculturedidn't11me.Ileftthecitiesandtownswithoutreally12anyoneoranything.ThosepeopleandthingsexistedinthoseveryplacestowhichIhad13avisit.Thistime，IpromisedmyselfthatIwouldbea14studenttraveller.Aftersevenmonthsof15travellingfromCapeTowntoCairo，Ireturnedhome.Havingastudent-likeattitudehelpedmelearnalot.Thistripsatisfiedmemorethananyothertripeverdidtome.語篇解讀本文是夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者在環(huán)游非洲的旅途中遇到一位老人后改變了自己對旅行的看法。1．A.friend B．petC．backpack D．family答案C解析句意為：我想背著背包環(huán)游非洲。friend朋友；pet寵物；backpack背包；family家人。故選C。2．A.continued B．stoppedC．danced D．a(chǎn)rrived答案D解析句意為：我滿懷信心地離開了家鄉(xiāng)，坐著單程票來到開普敦。continue繼續(xù)；stop停止；dance跳舞；arrive到達(dá)。故選D。3．A.sure B．excitedC．a(chǎn)fraid D．concerned答案A解析句意為：……坐著單程票來到開普敦，但并不確定下一步該做什么。sure肯定的，確定的；excited感到激動的；afraid害怕的；concerned關(guān)心的，擔(dān)憂的。故選A。4．A.knowledge B．feelingC．a(chǎn)dvice D．reason答案C解析句意為：他給了我最好的旅行建議：像一個學(xué)生一樣去環(huán)游世界。knowledge知識；feeling感覺；advice建議；reason理由。故選C。5．A.simple B．funnyC．boring D．foolish答案A解析句意為：這聽起來很簡單，但這確實改變了我對旅行的看法。simple簡單的；funny滑稽的；boring令人厭煩的；foolish愚蠢的。故選A。6．A.cultures B．eventsC．places D．backgrounds答案A解析句意為：他幫助我認(rèn)識到旅行就是學(xué)習(xí)和觀察不同的文化。culture文化；event事件，公開活動；place地方；background背景。故選A。7．A.special B．magicC．new D．interesting答案C解析句意為：對你來說，去一個新的國家，相信你自己的方式更好，這太容易了。special特別的；magic有魔力的；new新的；interesting有趣的。故選C。8．A.accept B．tryC．decide D．forget答案B解析句意為：如果你學(xué)習(xí)、問問題并試圖向當(dāng)?shù)厝藢W(xué)習(xí)，你會擁有更加豐富多彩的體驗。accept接受；try試圖；decide決定；forget忘記。故選B。9．A.since B．whereC．when D．before答案C解析句意為：在我去坎昆的其他旅行中，我不認(rèn)識這個人，所以我只是個游客。since自從；where在哪里；when當(dāng)……時候；before在……之前。故選C。10．A.pictures B．sightsC．shows D．mountains答案B解析句意為：我只在那里待了一個星期，看看風(fēng)景和名勝古跡，然后就離開了。picture圖畫；sight風(fēng)景；show表演；mountain山脈。故選B。11．A.inspire B．changeC．help D．influence答案D解析句意為：文化并沒有對我產(chǎn)生影響。inspire激發(fā)，鼓舞；change改變；help幫助；influence影響。故選D。12．A.refusing B．encouragingC．knowing D．teaching答案C解析句意為：我離開了那些城市和村鎮(zhèn)，卻沒有真正了解到任何人或任何事。refuse拒絕；encourage鼓舞；know認(rèn)識，了解；teach教。故選C。13．A.wanted B．paidC．organized D．broken答案B解析句意為：那些人和事就存在于我曾經(jīng)去過的那些地方。want想；pay進(jìn)行，給予；organize組織；break打破。payavisit參觀，故選B。14．A.beautiful B．proudC．real D．wise答案C解析句意為：我向自己保證，這次我會成為一個真正的學(xué)生旅行者。beautiful美麗的；proud自豪的；real真正的；wise明智的。故選C。15．A.difficult B．successfulC．common D．challenging答案B解析句意為：在成功地從開普敦到開羅旅行了七個月之后，我回到了家。difficult困難的；successful成功的；common常見的，普遍的；challenging富于挑戰(zhàn)性的。故選B。Ⅵ.語法填空OnthewestbankoftheGrandCanalinTongxiang，JiaxingCity，standsa1,300-year-oldancienttown—Wuzhen.Ariverdividesthewholewatertown1.fourscenicsections，Dongzha，Xizha，NanzhaandBeizha.Sincethelattertwoarelessdeveloped,2.(tour)oftenprefertovisitXizhaandDongzha.InXizha，onemaybeamazedattheterrificsceneofBridgeinBridge3.(create)bytwoancientbridges.OneofthebridgesisTongjiBridgecrossingtheriverfromeasttowestandtheotheriscalledRenjiBridge4.(run)fromsouthtonorth.Eitheroftwobridgescan5._________(see)throughthearchoftheother.6．(cover)anareaof900,000squaremeters，Dongzhahasmanyscenicspotsforpeople7.(explore)．Walkingalongtheancientstreets，youwillseemuseums8.__________localuniqueweddingandfolkcustomsonvariousfestivalsarebeingdisplayed.Youcanalsolearnabouttheinterestinglifestyleoflocalp