2022屆上海市普陀區(qū)曹楊第二中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期9月英語模擬卷一解析版

2022屆上海市普陀區(qū)曹楊第二中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期9月英語模擬卷〔一〕考生注意：1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷總分值140分。2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩局部。3.全卷共16頁，含6大題，76小題。第一卷〔共90分〕Ⅰ.ListeningComprehension〔25分〕SectionA〔每題1分，共10分〕Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Fireban.B.Nolitter.C.Blockedroad.D.Keepoffthegrass.2.A.10:50p.m.B.10:55p.m.C.11:05p.m.D.11:15p.m.3.A.ShemetwithThomasjustafewdaysago.B.Shecanhelpwiththeorientationprogram.C.Sheisnotsureshecanpassonthemessage.D.ShewillcertainlytrytocontactThomas.4A.Shewillhelpthemanwithhisstudy.B.Sheisnotgoodatcalculusherself.C.Theman’sreportfailedtoreachthestandard.D.Themanshouldtakemeasurestoimprovehisstudy.5.A.Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.B.Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.C.Hemightgetfired.D.Hehaslosthisjob.6.A.Hewasfinedforrunningaredlight.B.Hewascaughtspeedingonafastlane.C.Hehadtorunquicklytogettheticket.D.Hemadeawrongturnattheintersection.7.A.Sheistiredofattendingparties.B.Sheforgottoattendthepartylastnight.C.Peopletreatherasapartyanimal.D.Peopleenjoyhercompanyatparties.8.A.Shedoesn’tlikemooncakes.B.Shehastastedmanykindsofmooncakes.C.Eatingtoomanymooncakesmaycauseweightgain.D.Themanshouldeatlessbecauseheisoverweight.9.A.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinessclass.B.HegotangrywithEmmaatthemeeting.C.HeadmiresEmmaforexpressingheropinion.D.Hedidn’tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.10.A.Theincreaseinfeeshasnotbeenannounced.B.Themanhasdecidedtomoveoutofthedorm.C.Thedormswillbecheaperthanoff-campushousing.D.Thewomanispleasedshewon’thavetopaythehigherfees.SectionB〔每題分，共15分〕Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Christmastrees.B.SantaClausecostumes.C.Polarbeartoys.D.Drinksandfood.12.A.Portexplosion.B.Coronaviruspandemic.C.Economiccrisis.D.Lackofseasonalgoods.13.A.Optimistic.B.Worried.C.Indifferent.D.Curious.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Lowaudioquality.B.Highprices.C.Poorportability.D.Strictstoragerequirements.15.A.Techgiants.B.Musiccelebrities.C.Recordcompanies.D.Tapemanufacturers.16.A.Becausetheywanttosavetheoldtechnologyfromdying.B.Becausetheymissthe1990swhencassettetapesweremostpopular.C.Becausetheygrowtiredofdownloadingmusicthroughwebsandapps.D.Becausetheytakedelightinbuyingcassettetapesascollection.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Candles.B.Lanterns.C.Costumes.D.Toys.18.A.Becauseshedoesn’tlikethesmellofpumpkins.B.Becauseshehasnoideahowtomakeone.C.Becausesheisafraidofgettingherhandsdirty.D.Becauseshehasalreadyboughtoneforherself.19.A.Theygetdressedup.B.Theyknockontheirneighbor’sdoor.C.Theyplaythegameof“TrickorTreat〞.D.Theythrowcandiesateachother.20.A.Dressupasafemalevampire.B.RoleplayMr.andMrs.vampirewithher.C.Chooseawolfmancostume.D.Findacostumewithbigteethandhairynose.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary〔每題1分，共20分〕SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,usedonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Mutton’sNotJustaWinterDelicacyAnymoreWinterisoftendeemedthebestseasontoeatmutton,butthatisnotthecaseinShanghai.TheannualmuttonfestivalbegantodayinZhuanghangTown,FengxianDistrict,____1____highlightofthecity’ssummerruraltourismmarket.RunninguntilAugust22,thefestivalfeaturestastingandcookingevents____2____agriculture-relatedactivities.Thehistoryofeatingmuttoninsanfu,____3____(hot)periodofsummer,inZhuanghangdatesbacktotheYuanDynasty(1279-1368).TheZhuanghanggoatisbothdeliciousandnutritious.MuttonbraisedinsoysauceandplainboiledmuttonarepopularinZhuanghangduringthefestival.Amust-haveaccompanimenttomuttonisshaojiu(aChinesericespirit);thetraditionoftastingmuttonwithshaojiuislistedasanintangibleculturalheritageofShanghai.Muttonhasareputationforitstendertaste,marbledtexture,richflavorsandthicksoup.AccordingtotheprinciplesoftraditionalChinesemedicine,goatmeat,likebeefandlamb,isconsidereda“hot〞foodandthus____4____(avoid)ortakeninsmallerquantitiesonhotswelteringdaysofsummer.Butforhundredsofyears,thepeopleofZhuanghangtowninFengxiandistrict____5____(eat)goatmeatduringthesummer.Theyeatlocallyproducedgoatmeat____6____theysiphomemadeshaojiuorhuangjiu(yellowricewine).Thisheartymixofalcoholandgoatmeatpromotessweating,____7____sometraditionalmedicinepractitionersbelievehelpsthebodyexpeltoxinsandpreventillnessesintheforthcomingwinter.Goatmeatisalsobelievedtobeanexcellentwayofbuildingup“energy〞inthebodythatwilllastthroughthewinterseason.That’swhyeateriesinZhuanghangareusuallypackedwithdinersduringsummer.LiYingchun,bossofalocalgoatmeatrestaurantinZhuanghang,claimsthathisrestaurantreceives8,000to10,000customersonaverageeveryweekday.Thenumber____8____reachashighas12,000onweekends,accordingtoadailyreport.TheFengxianDistrictCultureandTourismBureausaiditiswiththehelpofthetraditionalfestivalwhichcaterstothetravel,dining,entertainingandleisuredemandoftourists____9____ruralrevitalizationwillbeachieved._____10_____Zhuanghang,ZhangzeTowninSongjiangDistrictalsohasthetraditionofeatingmuttoninsanfu.ItsownmuttonfestivalkicksoffonSaturdayandrunsuntilOctober.【答案】1.a2.aswellas3.thehottest4.tobeavoided5.havebeeneating6.as7.which8.can9.that10.Besides【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。冬天通常被認(rèn)為是吃羊肉的最正確季節(jié)，但在上海并非如此，羊肉不再只是冬天的美味了，在奉賢區(qū)莊行鎮(zhèn)最熱的三伏天也可以吃到美味的羊肉。奉賢區(qū)文化旅游局表示，通過傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日滿足游客旅游、餐飲、娛樂、休閑的需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村振興。【1題詳解】考查不定冠詞。句意：一年一度的羊肉節(jié)今天在奉賢區(qū)莊行鎮(zhèn)開幕，這是該市夏季鄉(xiāng)村旅游市場的一個亮點(diǎn)。此處表示“一個〞亮點(diǎn)，且highlight是以輔音音素開頭的詞，前面加a表示“一〞。故答案為a?！?題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：該慶典將持續(xù)到22日，屆時(shí)將舉行品嘗和烹飪活動以及與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的活動。固定短語：aswellas的意思是“也，還有，和……一樣〞，此處表示“還有〞農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的活動。故答案為aswellas?！?題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：莊行夏季最熱的三伏吃羊肉的歷史可以追溯到元朝(1279-1368)。此處指夏天“最熱的〞時(shí)候，所以用形容詞最高級。故答案為thehottest?！?題詳解】考查不定式。句意：根據(jù)中醫(yī)原理，山羊肉和牛肉、羊肉一樣，被認(rèn)為是“熱〞食物，因此在炎熱的夏天要防止或少吃。句子主語goatmeat和謂語動詞avoid之間是被動關(guān)系，此處不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來。故答案為tobeavoided?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：但是幾百年來，奉賢區(qū)莊行鎮(zhèn)的人們在夏天都吃山羊肉。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語forhundredsofyears,可知句子表示過去發(fā)生的事情一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且仍然在繼續(xù)的事情，所以句子用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，句子主語是thepeople，復(fù)數(shù)形式。故答案為havebeeneating。【6題詳解】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。句意：他們一邊吃著本地出產(chǎn)的山羊肉，一邊喝著自制的紹酒或黃酒。此處是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，as的意思是“一邊……，一邊……；隨著〞。故答案為as。【7題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：這種酒精和山羊肉的豐富組合能促進(jìn)出汗，一些傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)從業(yè)者認(rèn)為，這有助于身體排出毒素，在即將到來的冬天預(yù)防疾病。前面整個句子作先行詞，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語，定語從句由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故答案為which。【8題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：據(jù)一份日報(bào)報(bào)道，周末這一數(shù)字可能高達(dá)萬。此處表示對客觀事實(shí)的一種推測，所以用情態(tài)動詞can。故答案為can。【9題詳解】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：奉賢區(qū)文化旅游局表示，通過傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日滿足游客旅游、餐飲、娛樂、休閑的需求，實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村振興。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：Itis/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)局部+that+其他，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)局部是人，也可用who代替that。故答案為that?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：除了莊行，松江區(qū)漳澤鎮(zhèn)也有吃羊肉的傳統(tǒng)。此處besides是介詞，意思是“除……之外，還有……〞。故答案為Besides。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.magicB.alternativeC.flawlesslyD.housedE.detectiveF.prematureG.supplyH.worksI.packedJ.acceptableK.completelyNASABeginsHigh-StakesRepairtoHubbleSpaceTelescopeNASAengineersaretryingtocarryoutrepairsontheHubbleSpaceTelescope,whichstoppedworkingonJune13asaresultofaproblemwiththepayloadcomputeronboard.Afteramonthoftrying,engineerswiththespaceagencywereunabletorestartthecomputer,sotheHubbleteamwillswitchtoa(n)____11____powerunitonThursday.Ifsuccessful,itwilltakeseveraldaysto____12____returntheobservatorytonormaloperations,NASAreported.TheHubbleTelescopehasshapedourunderstandingofthecosmosforover30years.Itprovedthatalmosteverygalaxyhasasupermassiveblackholeatitsheart.Italsoplayedavitalroleinthediscoveryofdarkmatter—amysterioussubstancethatcan’tbeseen.ThepayloadcomputerisusedtocontrolandcoordinateHubble’sscientificinstruments.Thecomputer’sprogramsalsoanalyzeandmanipulatethedataitcollects.NASAengineersbelievetheproblemisrelatedtothePowerControlUnit,orPCU,whichensuresasteadyvoltage____13____tothepayloadcomputer.ThePCUis____14____withthepayloadcomputerintheScienceInstrumentCommandandDataHandlingunit.“Theteam’sanalysissuggeststhateitherthevoltagelevelfromtheregulatorisoutsideof____15____levels,orthesecondaryprotectioncircuithasdegradedovertimeandistrappedinthisinhibitstate,〞accordingtotheNASAstatement.Thetelescopeitselfandscienceinstrumentsremain“healthyandinasafeconfiguration,〞thestatementconfirmed.TheHubbleSpaceTelescope,whichorbits340milesaboveEarth’ssurface,hasn’talwaysfunctioned____16____.Asimilarrepairwasperformedin2021,whenanotherpartofthePCUfailed.AreplacementforHubbleisinthe____17____.NASA’SJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisexpectedtolaunchlaterthisyear.Thelarge,infraredtelescopeappearstobecomethenextgreat____18____intheuniverse.Butit’s____19____togiveuponHubble,saidDonLincoln,aseniorscientistfromNASA.“Theinstrumenthasgeneratedscientificdataleadingtocountlesspapersandalsogorgeousimagesthathavetransfixedthescience-interestedpublic.Inthatsense,aninoperableHubblewouldbeadevastatingloss,〞hewroteinanopinionpiece.“Thebest-casescenarioisoneinwhichbothareoperating,andwemustwaitforthosecleverengineerstoworktheir_____20_____toseeifthatispossible.〞【答案】11.B12.K13.G14.D15.J16.C17.H18.E19.F20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。全文主要講述了哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的有效載荷計(jì)算機(jī)停止運(yùn)行的事件，并詳細(xì)介紹了哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡在過去太空探索方面的重要奉獻(xiàn)、故障產(chǎn)生的可能原因及解決方法?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：經(jīng)過一個月的嘗試，航天局的工程師無法重啟電腦，因此哈勃團(tuán)隊(duì)于本周四只能尋求利用其他備選的動力裝置。分析句子可知，空格處所填詞置于名詞短語之前作定語，alternative“可選擇的〞為形容詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。【12題詳解】考查副詞。句意：如果進(jìn)展順利，使觀測臺重新正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)會花費(fèi)幾天的時(shí)間。分析句子可知，空格所填詞應(yīng)修飾全句，completely“完全地〞為副詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選K項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國航天局的工程師認(rèn)為這次故障與動力控制裝置問題與功率控制單元〔PowerControlUnit，簡稱PCU〕有關(guān)，該裝置主要確保為有效載荷計(jì)算機(jī)提供穩(wěn)定的電壓供給。分析句子可知，空格處作前面謂語動詞ensures的賓語，supply“供給〞為名詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：PCU與有效載荷計(jì)算機(jī)一同被放置在科學(xué)儀器控制和數(shù)據(jù)處理單元中。分析句子可知，空格處與前面的助動詞is構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，housed“為……提供場所〞為動詞,符合句意。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：“研究小組的分析說明，要么是調(diào)節(jié)器的電壓水平超出了可接受水平，要么是二次保護(hù)電路隨著時(shí)間的推移已經(jīng)退化，陷入了抑制狀態(tài)，〞NASA的聲明稱。分析句子可知，空格處所填詞作后面名詞level的定語，acceptable“可接受的〞為形容詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選J項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：哈勃天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡在地球上方340英里環(huán)繞運(yùn)行，并非一直都能無故障地工作。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)修飾動詞function，flawlessly“無瑕疵地，完美地〞為副詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡的替代品正在準(zhǔn)備階段。分析句子可知，空格處所填詞與前面構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，work“工作〞，inthework意為：處于準(zhǔn)備階段。符合句意。應(yīng)選H項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這臺大型的紅外望遠(yuǎn)鏡似乎將成為下一個探索宇宙的大偵探。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)為形容詞great修飾的名詞，作表語。detective“偵探〞為名詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：但美國國家航空航天局的資深科學(xué)家唐·林肯說，現(xiàn)在放棄哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡還為時(shí)尚早。分析句子可知，空格處作表語，premature“過早的，早熟的〞為形容詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：最好的情況是兩者都能運(yùn)行，我們必須等待那些聰明的工程師施展他們的魔法，看看這是否可能。分析句子可知，空格處為towork的賓語，magic“魔法〞為名詞，符合句意。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension〔45分〕SectionA〔每題1分，共15分〕Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Manyearlyapproachestolanguagetechnology—andparticularlytranslation—get____21____inaconceptualdeadend:therules-basedapproach.Intranslation,thismeanttryingtowriterulestoanalyzethetextofasentenceinthelanguageof____22____,breakingitdownintoasortofabstract“interlanguage〞andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.Theseapproachesshowedearly____23____.Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasily____24____whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.Nearlyalllanguagetechnologiesbegantogetalotbetterwiththeapplicationof____25____methods,oftencalleda“bruteforce〞approach.Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.____26____,inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.Ituseswhatithaslearnedtomakeitsbest____27____aboutapreviouslyunseentext.Inmachinetranslation,thesoftwarescansmillionsofwordsthathavealreadybeentranslatedbyhumans,againlookingforpatterns.Inspeechreorganization,thesoftwarelearnsfromabodyofrecordingsandthetranscriptionsmadebyhumans.Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,thisapproacheventually____28____.Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,andbigcompanieswith____29____toenormousamountsofdatawerereadytobenefit.Thefinaladvance,whichbeganonlyaboutfiveyearsago,camewiththearrivalofdeeplearningthroughdigitalneuralnetworks(DNNS).Theseareoftenclaimedtohavequalitiessimilartothoseofthe_____30_____:“neurons〞areconnectedinsoftware,andconnectionscanbecomestrongerorweakerintheprocessoflearning._____31_____,NilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,〞the_____32_____ofwhichhadalreadybeenunderstoodfordecades.Whatchangedwasthehardwarebeingused.Almostbychance,DNNresearchersdiscoveredthatthegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)_____33_____toproducegraphicsinapplicationslikevideogameswerealsobrilliantathandlingneuralnetworks.Thetechniquehasalreadyproducedbigleapsinqualityforallkindsofdeeplearning,includingdecodinghandwriting,recognizingfacesandclassifyingimages.Nowtheyarehelpingtoimproveallmanneroflanguagetechnologies,oftenbringingenhancementsofupto30%.Thathasshiftedlanguagetechnologiesfrombeing_____34_____inapinchtobeingreallyrathergood.Butsofarnoonehasquite_____35_____whatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.21.A.buried B.engaged C.absorbed D.stuck22.A.essence B.persuasion C.origin D.practice23.A.consideration B.thought C.promise D.exposure24.A.laidoff B.laggedbehind C.brokedown D.diedout25.A.experimental B.statistical C.financial D.instructional26.A.What’smore B.Inotherwords C.Forexample D.Bycontrast27.A.sense B.deal C.effort D.guess28.A.cameintobeing B.borefruit C.tookeffect D.caughtup29.A.permission B.license C.access D.reference30A.humanbrain B.informationtechnology C.computerprogramming D.artificialintelligence31.A.Therefore B.However C.Likewise D.Indeed32.A.meaning B.quality C.purpose D.basis33.A.adapted B.used C.claimed D.suited34.A.changeable B.liable C.desirable D.usable35.A.putout B.workedout C.watchedout D.pointedout【答案】21.D22.C23.C24.C25.B26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了語言技術(shù)通過不斷的開展變得越來越優(yōu)秀?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：許多語言技術(shù)的早期方法——尤其是翻譯——陷入了一個概念上的死胡同：基于規(guī)那么的方法。A.buried埋葬；B.engaged卷入；C.absorbed吸收；D.stuck釘住。getstuck被困住。根據(jù)“inaconceptualdeadend〞可知，早期的語言技術(shù)陷入了概念上的死胡同。應(yīng)選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在翻譯中，這意味著試圖編寫規(guī)那么來分析原文中的句子，將其分解為一種抽象的“中介語〞，并根據(jù)譯入語的規(guī)那么重新構(gòu)建。A.essence本質(zhì)；B.persuasion說服；C.origin起源；D.practice練習(xí)。根據(jù)“andrebuildingitaccordingtotherulesofthetargetlanguage.〞可知，這里指基于規(guī)那么的方法，首先來分析原文中的句子。應(yīng)選C。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些方法顯示出了早期的前途。A.consideration考慮；B.thought想法；C.promise前途；有希望；D.exposure暴露。根據(jù)“Butlanguageisfullofambiguitiesandexceptions,sosuchsystemswerehugelycomplicatedandeasily____4____whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.〞可知，基于規(guī)那么的方法在初期還是有前途的。應(yīng)選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但是語言中充滿了歧義和異常，所以這樣的系統(tǒng)非常復(fù)雜，當(dāng)測試的句子超出了它們設(shè)計(jì)的簡單集合時(shí)，很容易崩潰。A.laidoff解雇；B.laggedbehind落后；C.brokedown分解；崩潰；D.diedout滅絕。根據(jù)“whentestedonsentencesbeyondthesimplesettheyhadbeendesignedfor.〞可知，這里指基于規(guī)那么的方法的缺陷，使得測試的句子超出了它們設(shè)計(jì)的簡單集合時(shí)會容易崩潰。應(yīng)選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾乎所有的語言技術(shù)都開始隨著統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的應(yīng)用而變得更好，統(tǒng)計(jì)方法通常被稱為“蠻力〞方法。A.experimental實(shí)驗(yàn)的；B.statistical統(tǒng)計(jì)的；C.financial金融的；D.instructional指導(dǎo)的。根據(jù)“Thisreliesonsoftwarescanningvastamountsofdata,lookingforpatternsandlearningfromprecedent.〞可知，這里是運(yùn)用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法使得語言技術(shù)變得更好。應(yīng)選B?！?6題詳解】考查短語詞義辨析。句意：例如，在解析語言(將其分解成語法成分)時(shí)，軟件從已經(jīng)被人類解析過的大量文本中學(xué)習(xí)。A.What’smore另外；B.Inotherwords換句話說；C.Forexample例如；D.Bycontrast相反。根據(jù)“inparsinglanguage(breakingitdownintoitsgrammaticalcomponents),thesoftwarelearnsfromlargebodiesoftextthathavealreadybeenparsedbyhumans.〞可知，這里是從先例中學(xué)習(xí)所舉的例子。應(yīng)選C。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它利用自己所學(xué)到的知識，對之前未見過的文本做出最正確猜想。A.sense感覺；B.deal交易；C.effort努力；D.guess猜。根據(jù)“aboutapreviouslyunseentext.〞可知，軟件利用自己所學(xué)到的知識對未見過的文本進(jìn)行最正確猜想。應(yīng)選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：由于處理器的能力不斷增強(qiáng)，數(shù)據(jù)存儲價(jià)格不斷下降，最重要的是，可用數(shù)據(jù)的爆炸式增長，這種方法最終取得了成果。A.cameintobeing存在；B.borefruit結(jié)果實(shí)；C.tookeffect生效；起作用；D.caughtup趕上。根據(jù)“Thankstothegrowingpowerofprocessors,fallingpricesfordatastorageand,mostcrucially,theexplosioninavailabledata,〞可知，隨著開展，統(tǒng)計(jì)方法最終取得了豐碩的成果。應(yīng)選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾十年來眾所周知的數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)開始發(fā)揮自己的作用，能夠獲取大量數(shù)據(jù)的大公司隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備從中受益。A.permission允許；B.license許可證；C.access入口；接觸；D.reference參考。根據(jù)“Mathematicaltechniquesthathadbeenknownfordecadescameintotheirown,〞可知，數(shù)學(xué)技術(shù)的運(yùn)用，大公司能夠獲取大量的數(shù)據(jù)。應(yīng)選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些神經(jīng)元通常被認(rèn)為具有與人類大腦相似的特性：“神經(jīng)元〞通過軟件連接，在學(xué)習(xí)過程中，這種連接會變得更強(qiáng)或更弱。A.humanbrain人腦；B.informationtechnology信息技術(shù)；C.computerprogramming計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)；D.artificialintelligence人工智能。根據(jù)““neurons〞areconnectedinsoftware,andconnectionscanbecomestrongerorweakerintheprocessoflearning.〞可知，神經(jīng)元具有與人類大腦相似的特性。應(yīng)選A。【31題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一家語言技術(shù)公司的研究主管尼爾斯·倫克實(shí)事求是地解釋說，“DNN只是另一種數(shù)學(xué)模型〞，其根底已經(jīng)被人們理解了幾十年。改變的是使用的硬件。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而；C.Likewise同樣地；D.Indeed確實(shí)。根據(jù)“NilsLenke,headofresearchforalanguagetechnologycompany,explainsmatter-of-factlythat“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,〞the____12____ofwhichhadalreadybeenunderstoodfordecades.〞可知，前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。應(yīng)選B。【32題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一家語言技術(shù)公司的研究主管尼爾斯·倫克實(shí)事求是地解釋說，“DNN只是另一種數(shù)學(xué)模型〞，其根底已經(jīng)被人們理解了幾十年。改變的是使用的硬件。A.meaning意義；B.quality質(zhì)量；C.purpose目的；D.basis根底。根據(jù)“DNNsarejustanotherkindofmathematicalmodel,〞可知，這里指的是DNN這種數(shù)學(xué)模型的根底。應(yīng)選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾乎是偶然的是，DNN的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，用于在視頻游戲等應(yīng)用程序中生成圖形的圖形處理單元(GPU)在處理神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面也很出色。A.adapted適應(yīng)；B.used使用；C.claimed宣稱；D.suited適合。根據(jù)“thegraphicalprocessingunits(GPUs)〞可知，這里指圖形處理單元(GPU)在視頻游戲等應(yīng)用程序中的使用。應(yīng)選B。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這使得語言技術(shù)從必要時(shí)可用轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄喈?dāng)好的。A.changeable易變的；B.liable有義務(wù)的；C.desirable有吸引力的；D.usable可用的。這里指語言技術(shù)從可用的變得相當(dāng)好。應(yīng)選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但到目前為止，還沒有人完全弄清楚，是什么讓它從“僅僅好〞變成“可靠的偉大〞。A.putout撲滅；B.workedout鍛煉；可以解決；想出；C.watchedout留神；D.pointedout指出。根據(jù)“whatwillmoveitforwardfrombeingmerelygoodtoreliablygreat.〞可知，沒有人弄清楚語言技術(shù)開展得如此的迅速。應(yīng)選B。SectionB〔每題2分，共22分〕Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Irecentlyhadtheuniquehonorofreturningtomyuniversity,asaguestlecturer,totalkaboutopinionandfactinnewsmediaandhowtotellthetwoapart.Duringmyclass,Iquizzedthestudentsusing10statementswhichtheyhadtodecidewereeitheropinionorfact.Somestudentsdidagoodjobwhileothersfailed.APewResearchpollconductedamongAmericansin2021showedthatonly26percentofadultscouldidentifythefivefactualstatements,andonly35percentcouldidentifythefiveopinionstatements.Thisispossiblybecause,accordingtoarecentreportbytheRANDCorporation—anon-profit,non-partisanthink-tankbasedonLosAngeles—“US-basedjournalismhasgraduallyshiftedawayfromobjectivenewsandoffersmoreopinion-basedcontentthatappealstoemotionandreliesheavilyonargumentationandadvocacy.〞TheirstudylookedatUSnewsreportingovera28-yearperiodandfoundthat“journalismintheUShasbecomemoresubjectiveandconsistslessofthedetailedeventorcontext-basedreportingthatusedtocharacterizenewscoverage,〞accordingtoJenniferKavanagh,aseniorpoliticalscientistandleadauthorofthereport.Thiswillprobablycomeasasurprisetonoone,oratleastnooneoutsidetheUnitedStateswheresubjectiveandemotivereportinghasclearlyhamperedthepopulation’sabilitytoseparatefactandopinionanddealwitheachwithahealthyamountofskepticism.So,whatisopinion?Opinionissomeone’ssubjectivebelieforviewthatcannotbeprovenasfact.Opinionwilloftenfeatureadjectiveslikeamazing,perfect,unbeatable,dreadful,grotesque,embarrassing.Asanopinionwritermyself,you’lloftenseethosekindsofwordshereinmycolumn,butsincemyweeklyrantsareclearlynotnewsreports,youknowtotakewhateverIsayjustasanopinionandformyourownopinionifyousodesire.Here’sanexampleofanopinion-basedstatement:“WesAndersonisanamazingfilmmaker.〞There’snowayofprovingthatstatementasfact,becauseit’ssubjective.Whatisfact?Factisanobjectivestatementoraccountofsomethingrealwhichcanbeproven.Factualaccountsshouldnotincludeadjectiveslikeamazing,perfect,unbeatable,dreadful,grotesqueorembarrassing.Here’sanexample:“WesAndersonwontheSilverBearforBestDirectorin2021.〞Soundeasy?Well,itreallyis,apartfromthefactthatnewsmediain-theUnitedStatesoftenpurposefullyorsubconsciouslymixopinionandfact,effectivelyblurringthelinebetweenthetwosomuchthatnowmanyAmericanscan’ttellthedifference.SpottingdeceptionYoucanimproveyournewsreadingskillsbykeepinganeyeoutforthecommonmarkersofopinioninnewsreporting.Theeasiestistolookforadjectives,whichareusuallyalwaysmarkersofopinionandwillsometimesbehiddeninsidenewsreportingtonefariouslyaffectthereader’sunderstanding.Here’saquickexampleusingaheadline:“Impressivecrowdof10,000turnoutformarch.〞Canyouseetheadjectiveinthatheadline?Theword“impressive〞isthewriter’sownopinionmixedinwithafactualstatementaboutthenumberofpeoplewhoturnedoutforamarch.Byusingthatadjective,thewriterispushingyoutoseethemarchasasuccessandtofeelthatthecausebehindthemarchhasalotofpublicsupport.Thatisn’tnecessarilythecase,andsimilarlyawriterwithanotheropinioncouldpenthisheadline:“Only10,000turnoutformarch.〞Seethedifference?ImproveyournewseyeIhopethisshortforayintoatinyaspectofnewsmediahashelpedalittleandthatnowyou’rejustalittlebitmoreaptatseparatingfactfrom,well,fiction.Intoday’sworld,thatskillismoreimportantthanever.36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutUS-basedjournalismistrue?A.Itischaracterizedbythedetailedeventorcontext-basedreporting.B.Itfailstoappealtopeople’semotionwhenreportingnewsevents.C.Itresultsinpeople’sinabilitytodistinguishfactsfromopinions.D.Ithelpstocultivateahealthyamountofskepticisminpeople.37.Whatisagoodwaytospotdeceptionwhenoneistryingtoseparatefactandopinion?A.Turningtoopinionwritersforhelp.B.Lookingforspecificadjectives.C.Readingasmuchnewsaspossible.D.Figuringoutthehiddenmeaning.38.Whichofthefollowingstatementsarefacts?①IncreasingthefederalminimumwagetoUS$15anhourisessentialforthehealthoftheUSeconomy.②HealthcarecostsperpersonintheUSarethehighestinthedevelopedworld.③ImmigrantswhoareintheUSillegallyhavesomerightsundertheConstitution.④Democracyisthegreatestformofgovernment.⑤ImmigrantswhoareintheUSillegallyareaverybigproblemforthecountrytoday.⑥PresidentBarackObamawasbornintheUnitedStates.A.①②③ B.④⑤⑥ C.②③⑥ D.①⑤⑥39.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toattractmorereadersforhiscolumn.B.Tocallforjointeffortsbynewsagenciestocooperate.C.Towarnthedangeroflackofnewsreadingskills.D.Toprovideadviceonhowtodistinguishfactsfromopinions.【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了美國人很少能區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)的現(xiàn)狀以及闡述了兩者的定義區(qū)別并提供了方法。【36題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“only26percentofadultscouldidentifythefivefactualstatements,andonly35percentcouldidentifythefiveopinionstatements.〔只有26%的成年人能識別這五種事實(shí)陳述，只有35%的人能識別這五種觀點(diǎn)陳述?！敞曇约暗谌巍癟hisispossiblybecause,accordingtoarecentreportbytheRANDCorporation—anon-profit,non-partisanthink-tankbasedonLosAngeles—“US-basedjournalismhasgraduallyshiftedawayfromobjectivenewsandoffersmoreopinion-basedcontentthatappealstoemotionandreliesheavilyonargumentationandadvocacy.〞〔這可能是因?yàn)椋鶕?jù)總部位于洛杉磯的非營利性、無黨派智庫蘭德公司最近的一份報(bào)告，“美國的新聞已逐漸遠(yuǎn)離客觀新聞，提供更多訴諸情感、嚴(yán)重依賴論證和倡導(dǎo)的基于意見的內(nèi)容。〞〕〞可知，是美國新聞業(yè)造成人們無法區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)這一現(xiàn)狀。應(yīng)選C。【37題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Spottingdeception下的“Theeasiestistolookforadjectives,whichareusuallyalwaysmarkersofopinionandwillsometimesbehiddeninsidenewsreportingtonefariouslyaffectthereader’sunderstanding.〔最簡單的方法是尋找形容詞，它們通常是觀點(diǎn)的標(biāo)記，有時(shí)會隱藏在新聞報(bào)道中，惡意地影響讀者的理解。〕〞可知，當(dāng)一個人試圖區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以通過尋找具體的形容詞來識別欺騙。應(yīng)選B。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Whatisfact?下的“Factisanobjectivestatementoraccountofsomethingrealwhichcanbeproven.Factualaccountsshouldnotincludeadjectiveslikeamazing,perfect,unbeatable,dreadful,grotesqueorembarrassing.〔事實(shí)是可以被證明的對真實(shí)事物的客觀陳述或描述。事實(shí)描述不應(yīng)該包括像驚人的、完美的、不可戰(zhàn)勝的、可怕的、怪誕的或?yàn)殡y的形容詞。〕〞①中有形容詞isessentialfor，④中有形容詞greatest，⑤中有verybig，這些選項(xiàng)都表達(dá)的是個人觀點(diǎn)。應(yīng)選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ihopethisshortforayintoatinyaspectofnewsmediahashelpedalittleandthatnowyou’rejustalittlebitmoreaptatseparatingfactfrom,well,fiction.Intoday’sworld,thatskillismoreimportantthanever.〔我希望這篇對新聞媒體的小