高中英語外研版選擇性必修第一冊Unit 6 Period 4　Developing ideas-Reading comprehension

Period4Developingideas—ReadingcomprehensionⅠ.匹配單詞(請把單詞和其對應(yīng)的英語解釋連線)1．via A．a(chǎn)personwhoistryingtobeelectedorisapplyingforajob2．candidate B．exactlywhatitappearstobe;notartificial3．a(chǎn)dvertise C．a(chǎn)pprovalorsupportforsb/sth4．genuine D．bymeansofaparticularperson，system，etc.5．favour E．totellthepublicaboutaproductoraservicetoencouragepeopletobuyit答案1.D2.A3.E4.B5.CⅡ.選詞填空eq\x(highlighttheimportanceof，bemadeupof，underthreatfrom，infavourof，becomeawareof)1．ThenewplayADistantVillageismadeupoffourparts，eachofwhichisveryfascinating.2．Asanapplicant，itisagoodideatohighlighttheimportanceofyourworkingexperienceinyourtoday’sapplicationform.3．Itwasn’tuntilherfriendwasbadlyhurtthatKerrybecameawareofherhabitoffindingfault.4．Thisuniqueanddelicateplaceisnowunderthreatfrompollutionandclimatechange.Ⅰ.Fast-readingformainideasMatchthemainideaaccordingtothepassage.Para.1A．AnintroductionoftheGreatBarrierReef.Para.2B．Therequirementsanddutiesofthejob.Para.3C．Thecallforthejobattractedinterestfromallovertheworld.Para.4D．Therealmeaningoftheeye-catchingjoboffer.Para.5E．Howtoapplyforthejob.Para.6F．TheeffortsthatBenmadetoprotecttheGreatBarrierReef.答案Para.1BPara.2CPara.3APara.4EPara.5FPara.6DⅡ.Careful-readingfordetailsActivity1細節(jié)把握1．WhichisNOTneededtodoforanislandcaretakeroftheGreatBarrierReef?A．Exploringtheislandsofthereef.B．Callingonpeopletoraisefundforit.C．Reportingbackviablogs，photodiariesandvideoupdates.D．Promotingtheislandsthroughnewspapers，magazinesandTVinterviews.答案B2．WhatisspecialabouttheGreatBarrierReef?A．Itisthelargestlivingthingontheplanet.B．Ithasahistoryof25thousandyears.C．Itismadeupofdeadcoral.D．Itcanbeseenfromthemoon.答案A3．WhatproblemistheGreatBarrierReeffacedwith?A．Lackoftourists.B．Naturaldisaster.C．Pollutionandclimatechange.D．Disappearanceoftheislands.答案C4．WhatdidBenmeanbysaying“notasthe‘best’，butthe‘busiestjobintheworld’”？A．Hedidn’tlovethejobactually.B．Hethoughtitwouldnotbesuchabusyjob.C．Hewantedtoadvertiseforonetoreplacehim.D．Hemeantitisnotasimplycommonjob.答案D5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutBen?A．Hetookphotosandwrotearticlesaboutthereef.B．Heappearedontelevisionmanytimes.C．Heworkedasahostforonechannel.D．HetoldjokesonTV.答案DActivity2深層理解1．Whatgenreisthisarticle?A．Narrativewriting.B．Argumentativewriting.C．Advertisement.D．Expositorywriting.答案D2．WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeBen?A．Generousandbrave.B．Caringandconsiderate.C．Qualifiedandhumorous.D．Patientandhelpful.答案C3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toattractpeopletoworkandliveontheisland.B．TomakepeopleknowthebeautythereandprotecttheGreatBarrierReef.C．Toadvertisetoemploymoreemployees.D．TogiveBenmoresalarytokeephimthere.答案B4．Completethestructureofthepassage.Activity1課文語法填空Thecallforanjobcaretakerattractedinterestformallovertheworld.Thejobrequiresyoutospendsixmonths1.living(live)onanislandandlookingaftertheGreatBarrierReef.Theworkinghoursareflexibleand2.accommodation(accommodate)isprovided.Keydutiesincludeexploringtheislandsofthereefand3.finding(find)outwhattheareahastooffer.You’llneedtoreportback4.viaweeklyblogs，photodiariesandvideoupdates.TheGreatBarrierReefisthe5.largest(large)livingthingontheplanet,6.located(locate)offthecoastofNorth-eastAustralia.Itishosttomanyspeciesofbirdsandseacreatures.Butit’snowunderthreatfrompollutionandclimatechange.Thousandsof7.applicants(applicant)appliedforthejob.8.Eventually(eventual)，thejobwasofferedtoBenSouthallfromtheUK.Hedidalotduringhistimeasanislandcaretakerinfavourofitsdefence.Whetheritwas9.agenuinejobofferoraneye-catchingmarketingeventisn’treallyimportant.Themostimportantthingwas10.thatpeopleallovertheworldbecameawareofthebeautyoftheoceaninthearea.What’smore，theycametounderstandthedelicatebalancethattheenvironmentexistsinandwhatcan，andmust，bedonetoprotectthereef.Activity2長難句理解1．Keydutiesincludeexploringtheislandsofthereefandfindingoutwhattheareahastooffer.[句式分析]此句是一個復(fù)合句，句子的主語是duties，謂語是include，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。[自主翻譯]你的主要職責(zé)包括探索大堡礁的各個島嶼，探尋當?shù)氐淖匀毁Y源。2．Themostimportantthingwasthatpeopleallovertheworldbecameawareofthebeautyoftheoceaninthearea.[句式分析]此句是一個復(fù)合句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。[自主翻譯]最重要的是，全世界都認識到了這片大海的美麗。3．What’smore，theycametounderstandthedelicatebalancethattheenvironmentexistsinandwhatcan，andmust，bedonetoprotectthereef.[句式分析]此句是一個復(fù)合句，thattheenvironmentexistsin為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作understand的賓語。[自主翻譯]而且，人們還意識到環(huán)境存在于微妙的平衡之中，也知道了人類能夠且必須采取什么行動來保護大堡礁。Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·河南濮陽高二期末)Jellyfish(水母)arebadlynamed.Theyareneitherafishnormadeofjelly.Instead，theirbodiesaremadeupof95%waterand5%solidmatter.Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.Therefore，theyareolderthandinosaurs.Surprisingly，theydon’thaveabrain，aheart，orlungs.Youmaywonderhowtheycanpossiblysurvivewithoutthesevitalorgans，buteverythingisforthebest.Theydon’thavelungsbecausetheirskinissothinthattheycanabsorboxygenthroughit.Theydon’tneedahearttopumpbloodbecausetheydon’thaveany.Andtheyhaveanervenet—whichissensitivetotouch—belowtheirouterskin.Theyrespondtothechangesintheirenvironmentusingsignalsfromthenervenet，sotheydon’tneedabraintoprocesscomplexthoughts.Theirvarietyisnearlyendless.Mostofthemareumbrella-shapedandhavetentacles(觸角)．Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.However，theynevergettangled(纏結(jié))uporsting(蜇)themselves.That’sbecausethetentaclesareveryslipperyandwillonlystingotheranimals.Mostjellyfishhavelittleornovision，buttheycandiscoverlightandoceancurrents，whichhelpsthemfindtheirwayandmove.Afewspeciescanalsorecognizecolorandhavea360-degreeviewoftheirenvironment.Jellyfishcomeinallsizes，from0.5millimeterstothegiantNomura’sjellyfish，whichcanmeasureuptotwometersindiameterandweighover200kilograms.Whilejellyfisharebeautiful，theycanalsobedangerous.Somejellyfishtoxins(毒素)canbedeadlytohumans，suchasthosefromtheboxjellyfishandtheAustralianIrukandji，butdeathsarerelativelyraregiventhenumberofjellyfish-stingvictimseveryyear.Inanycase，it’sbettertostayoutofthewayofanyjellyfishyoumaysee!Youcangoswimmingwithdolphins，butyoudefinitelywanttothinktwicebeforeswimmingwithjellyfish.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種在地球上生存長達5億年的海洋生物——水母。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“everythingisforthebest”inparagraph1mean?A．Oceancreatureswithoutvitalorgansdon’tlielong.B．Jellyfishlivejustfinewithwhattheynaturallyhave.C．Jellyfishliveintheoceanbecauseeverythingissuitable.D．Thenumerousoceanspeciesmakelifeprettyeasyforjellyfish.答案B解析句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段“theydon’thaveabrain，aheart，orlungs...but”可猜測，“everythingisforthebest”意味著水母在沒有各種器官的自然條件下生活得很好。故選B項。2．Howlonghavejellyfishlivedonourplanet?A．Morethan500,000,000years.B．Atleast5,000,000,000years.C．Roughly50,000,000years.D．Lessthan5,000,000years.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyhavebeeninexistenceforatleasthalfabillionyears.”可知，水母在地球上生活超過了5億年。故選A項。3．WhichofthefollowingtopicsaboutjellyfishisNOTmentionedinthetext?A．Theirsize.B．Theirtoxicity.C．Theirdiets.D．Theirappearance.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mostofthemareumbrella-shapedandhavetentacles(觸角)．Somejellyfishhaveverylongtentacles.”以及第三段中“Jellyfishcomeinallsizes...Somejellyfishtoxins(毒素)canbedeadlytohumans”可知，文章分別提到了水母的外觀、尺寸和有毒的特性，并沒有提到水母的飲食方面的內(nèi)容。故選C項。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheOldestCreatureintheWorldB．Jellyfish—BeautifulandDangerousC．HaveFunSwimmingwithJellyfishD．HowJellyfishSurvivedDinosaurs答案B解析標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章大意以及最后一段中“Whilejellyfisharebeautiful，theycanalsobedangerous.”可知，雖然水母很漂亮，但它們也可能很危險。故選B項。B(2022·江蘇常州高二期末)Environmentalstressorsthatpushhoneybeestobeginsearchingfoodearlierinlifecancauseadominoeffectonhives(蜂巢)，quickeningtheirsuddencollapse，anewstudysuggests.Thestudyshowedthattoomanyyoungbeesleavingthehivecancauseatippingpointinthetightsocietyofahive，leadingtocolony(群體)collapsewithinweeks.“Therewasasuggestionthattherewassometypeofdifferencebetweenprecociousforagers(覓食者)andnormalagedforagers，”saidPerry，amolecularbiologistClintPerryofQueenMaryUniversity.Soresearcherssetupexperimentalhivesthatwouldineffectforcebeestobeginforagingearlier.Theyalsotrackedbeesinanormalhive，wheresocialrolesareregulated，keepingagegroupsinbalance.Coloniesregularlyprotectagainstunexpectedhighlossofforagersbysendingbeesoutearlier，buttheyrapidlyreturntostability.Butifdeathrateroughlydoubled，themodelshowed，thecolonywouldbelockedinanegativefeedbackcircleofmoreyoungbeesforagingatyoungerages，leadingtolessstoredfoodandfewerbabybees.“Sincetheyoungerbeesarenotasgoodatit，theyaregoingtodiesooner，andthey’regoingtonotbebringingbackasmuchfood，therebycausingmoreyoungerbeestogoout，andmoreyoungerbeestonotdoaswell，andthatwillcausecontinuousfeedbackthatwilldestroythecolonyinashorttime，”saidPerry.Theresearchersarecontinuingtheirexperimentsandhopetocomeupwithwaystoidentifyacolonyatriskofcollapse.“Thepriorityisfindingwaysthatwecanidentifycoloniesatriskoffailureasearlyaspossiblesowecaninterveneanddowhateverweneedtosupportthemandtohelphealthemselves，”saidPerry.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究表明，迫使蜜蜂在生命早期開始尋找食物的環(huán)境壓力可能會對蜂巢造成多米諾骨牌效應(yīng)，加速它們的突然崩潰。5．Whatcausesahivetocollapsemorequickly?A．Tootightasocietyofit.B．Toomanybeesinit.C．Highlossofyoungforagers.D．Highpressurefromotherbees.答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，太多的年輕蜜蜂離開蜂巢，會導(dǎo)致蜂群很快崩潰。故選C。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“precocious”inparagraph3mean?A．Uncommonlyearly.B．Abnormal.C．Easilydamaged.D．Dynamic.答案A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Therewasasuggestionthattherewassometypeofdifferencebetweenprecociousforagers(覓食者)andnormalagedforagers”可知，precocious是形容詞，和后面的形容詞“normalaged”(正常年齡的)構(gòu)成對比，所以意思應(yīng)該是“早熟的”，和選項A意思一致。故選A。7．Whatwouldhappentothecolonyiftwicetheforagersdied?A．Thecolonywouldhealitself.B．Thecolonywouldgetexpanded.C．Moreyoungbeeswouldbefreeofrisk.D．Moreyoungbeeswouldbesenttoseekfood.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Butifdeathrateroughlydoubled，themodelshowed，thecolonywouldbelockedinanegativefeedbackcircleofmoreyoungbeesforagingatyoungerages，leadingtolessstoredfoodandfewerbabybees.”可知，如果死亡率翻倍的話，更多的年輕蜜蜂將會在更年輕的時候被派出去覓食。故選D。8．What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A．Toaskforjointefforts.B．Tointroduceaphenomenon.C．Toexpresshisemotions.D．Tocommentonastudy.答案A解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是想讓更多的人參與進來，共同努力，找到方法，能夠盡早識別面臨風(fēng)險的蜂巢群體，這樣就可以進行干預(yù)，并采取一切必要措施支持它們，幫助它們自愈。故選A。CHoKhanhisamiddle-agedfarmer，livinginavillageontheedgeofPhongNha-KeBangNationalParkinVietnam.WhatisspecialabouthimisthathehasdiscoveredSonDoong，thelargestcaveintheworld.“Ifirstfoundthecaveaboutthirtyyearsago，in1991，”hesays.“Iwasoutcollectingfirewoodnearthenationalpark.Myfamilywereverypoor，soIdecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttofindsomealoe，whichisveryvaluable.Notmanypeoplewentthatfarintotheforestbecausetheywereafraidofthewildanimals.”SoonKhanhlosthisway.“Isatdownwithmybacktoahugeroundrock，”hesays.“ThenIheardthesoundofastrongwindandrunningwatercomingfrombehindme.”Hefoundtheentrancetoahugecave，withawiderivercomingoutofit.Khanhthoughthewaswalkingintoagreatcave.Withnoropesorlights，hedidnotgofurtherintoit.Khanh’sstoryspreadlikewildfire，butnoteveryonebelievedhim.“IwantedtoprovethatIwastellingthetruth，butIcouldn’trememberthewaytothecave.”Thenonemorningearlyinthewinterof2006，agroupofcaversfromBritaincametoaskKhanhforhelp，astheyhadheardabouthisdiscoveryfifteenyearsbefore.Khanhagreedtohelptheteamtofindthecave，butafterthreedaysinthejungle，theylosttheirway.“Ijustcouldn’trememberwhereitwas，”hesays.Theteamcamebacktwice，buteachtimetheywerebeatenbythethickjungle.Finallythecaversleft.In2009，Khanhheadedtothejungleonecoldwinter’smorning.“Istoppedbyabigroundrock，”hesays.“Therewasthesamestrongwind，thesoundofwaterrunning—IknewI’dfoundthecaveatlonglast.”SoontheBritishcaversreturnedandfollowedKhanhonasix-hourtripdeepintothejungle.OnApril14theyfoundSonDoong.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民HoKhanh發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大洞穴“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。9．HoKhanhfirstdiscoveredSonDoongwhenhewas.A．lookingforaloeB．collectingfirewoodC．catchingsomeanimalsD．cuttingdowntreesintheforest答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Myfamilywereverypoor，soIdecidedtogodeeperintotheforesttofindsomealoe...”可知，HoKhanh進入森林深處是想找些蘆薈，結(jié)果碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)了“韓松洞”，故選A項。10．WhatdidtheBritishcaversthinkofHoKhanh’sstory?A．Theydoubtedit.B．Theybelievedit.C．Theywereuncertainofit.D．Theyhadlittleinterestinit.答案B解析推理判斷題。由第四段中的“agroupofcaversfromBritaincametoaskKhanhforhelp”可知，這些來自英國的探察洞穴者相信HoKhanh的故事，故選B項。11．HowlongdidittakeforHoKhanhtofindSonDoongagain?A．Oneyear.B．Threeyears.C．Fifteenyears.D．Eighteenyears.答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Ifirstfoundthecaveaboutthirtyyearsago，in1991”和最后一段中的“In2009，Khanhheadedtothejungleonecoldwinter’smorning...foundthecaveatlonglast...”可知，HoKhanh再次找到“韓松洞”是在18年之后，故選D項。12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．HowSonDoongwasdiscovered.B．HowSonDoonggotitsname.C．AyoungfarmerinVietnam.D．AnationalparkinVietnam.答案A解析主旨大意題。由全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段末句“WhatisspecialabouthimisthathehasdiscoveredSonDoong，thelargestcaveintheworld.”可知，文章主要講述了越南農(nóng)民HoKhanh發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最大的洞穴“韓松洞”的經(jīng)過。故選A項。Ⅱ.七選五(2022·廣東東莞高二期末)Imaginetakingavoyagetothedeepestpartoftheocean.Whattypesofthingwouldyouexpecttosee?Wouldyouseefamiliaranimalsandplantsorfindstrangeandnewones?Scientistskeeplookingfornewspeciesandnewfacts.1.DivingdeepintheoceanThedeepocean,1,000metersbelowthesurface，isfreezingcold.What’sworse，thewaterpressurecanharmyouifyoudon’thaveprotectivedeviceson.Therefore，deepdiverswearspecialdivingsuitstoprotectthemselvesfromthewaterpressure.2，someofwhichhaverobotarmsthatcancollectsamplesofwater，soil，andsmallanimalsunderwater.UsingsatellitesfortrackingSatellitesupinspacecan