2022-2023學年北京市石景山區(qū)高二下學期期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE2北京市石景山區(qū)2022-2023學年高二下學期期末英語試題第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Myjourneyhomefromschoolisnothingspecial.Iusuallyfindaseatandstartcheckingmy___1___,makingsure,likeeveryoneelse,nottolookatotherpeople.ButlastTuesdaywas___2___.Iwastextingmyfriendswhenthetrainsuddenlystopped.Thenafteraboutfiveminutes,peoplewerestartingtogetabit___3___.Thentheannouncementcame:“Wearesorrytoannouncethatthistrainisdelayed.Atrainisbadlybrokendowninfrontofus.”Therewasaloudgroan(嘆息)throughoutthecarriagebutthensomethingunexpectedhappened:___4___strangersstartedtalkingtoeachother.Atfirst,everyonejustcomplainedaboutthe___5___,butthenpeoplestartedtalkingaboutrealthings.Ichattedtoacoupleofyoungtouristssittingoppositeme.ThenIdecidedtogoforawalkdownthetrain.Imetawomanwhohadbeena___6___atmyschoolseveralyearsbefore.Peopleofferedeachotherfoodanddrink.Ayoungwomantookher___7___andsoonweweresingingalong.Thenweheardasickboyinanotherpartofthetrainneededhelp,andthewomanfrommyschooljumpedintoaction.Itturnedoutshewasanurse,andwhenshecamebackshewaswelcomedasa___8___.Then,aftertwoandahalfhours,westartedmovingagain.Everyone___9___andsomepeople,completestrangersthreehoursbefore,evenhugged.ItookthetrainagainonWednesdaybutnothing____10____.I’llneverforgetthedaythetrainstoppedandpeoplestartedtalking.1.A.phone B.seat C.purse D.mistake2.A.excellent B.horrible C.different D.desperate3.A.embarrassed B.upset C.surprised D.satisfied4.A.angry B.gentle C.unlucky D.complete5.A.seats B.trains C.strangers D.schools6.A.student B.nurse C.teacher D.driver7.A.baby B.textbook C.food D.guitar8.A.mother B.doctor C.hero D.winner9.A.jumped B.chatted C.cheered D.cried10.A.passed B.changed C.happened D.disappeared——★參考答案★——1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.D8.C9.C10.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章作者講述自己從學校回家所乘坐火車的一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。【1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我通常找個座位，然后開始看手機，像其他人一樣，確保不看別人。A.phone電話；B.seat座位；C.purse錢包；D.mistake錯誤。根據(jù)后文的“Iwastextingmyfriends”可知，“我”在看手機。故選A項。【2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但上周二的情況有所不同。A.excellent優(yōu)秀的；B.horrible可怕的；C.different不同的；D.desperate絕望的。根據(jù)后文的“whenthetrainsuddenlystopped.”可知，火車突然停了下來，這與平時的情況不同。故選C項。【3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大約五分鐘后，人們開始有點心煩意亂。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.upset不高興的，煩惱的；C.surprised驚訝的；D.satisfied滿意的。根據(jù)前文的“thetrainsuddenlystopped,Thenafteraboutfiveminutes”可知，火車突然停了下來，過了五分鐘沒有消息，人們不知道原因，故開始有點心煩意亂。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：整個車廂都發(fā)出了巨大的嘆息，但隨后發(fā)生了一件意想不到的事情：完全陌生的人開始互相交談。A.angry憤怒的；B.gentle溫和的；C.unlucky倒霉的；D.complete完全的。根據(jù)下文“somepeople,completestrangersthreehoursbefore,evenhugged.”可知，坐車的人是完全陌生的人，故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，每個人都只是抱怨火車，但后來人們開始談論真實的事情。A.seats座位；B.trains列車；C.strangers陌生人；D.schools學校。根據(jù)前文的“Thentheannouncementcame:“Wearesorrytoannouncethatthistrainisdelayed.Atrainisbadlybrokendowninfrontofus.””可知，火車不得不停下，故人們抱怨火車。故選B項。【6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我遇到了一位女士，她幾年前曾是我們學校的學生。A.student學生；B.nurse護士；C.teacher老師；D.driver駕駛員。根據(jù)后文的“atmyschoolseveralyearsbefore”可知，幾年前這位女士是作者所在學校的是學生。故選A項。【7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位年輕女子拿起吉他，很快我們就一起跟著唱了起來。A.baby嬰兒；B.textbook課本；C.food食物；D.guitar吉他。根據(jù)后文的“soonweweresingingalong”可知，我們就一起跟著吉他唱了起來。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：原來她是一名護士，當她回來時，她受到了英雄般的歡迎。A.mother母親；B.doctor醫(yī)生；C.hero英雄；D.winner贏家。根據(jù)前文的“Thenweheardasickboyinanotherpartofthetrainneededhelp,andthewomanfrommyschooljumpedintoaction.”可知，聽到火車另一部分有個生病的男孩需要幫助，“我們”學校的那位女士立刻行動起來，故人們把她當作英雄。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都歡呼起來，一些三小時前完全陌生的人甚至擁抱在一起。A.jumped跳；B.chatted聊天；C.cheered歡呼；D.cried哭。根據(jù)前文的“Then,aftertwoandahalfhours,westartedmovingagain.”可知，火車再次開動了，每個人都歡呼起來。故選C項。【10題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：星期三我又坐了火車，但什么也沒發(fā)生。A.passed通過；B.changed改變；C.happened發(fā)生；D.disappeared消失。根據(jù)前文的“ItookthetrainagainonWednesdaybutnothing”和上文作者火車上發(fā)生的事情可知，這次坐火車沒有發(fā)生意外的事情。故選C項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。LastFridayPeta-Lynn,a13-year-oldgirlfromDarwin,savedamanfromahugecrocodile.Mr.Grahamwasstandinginshallowwaternearhisboat____11____acrocodilegrabbedhisleftarm.Peta-Lynnrushedtohelpandpulledhimfree.Whilethey____12____(head)fortheshore,thecrocodileattackedforthesecondtime.ItbitMr.Graham’srightlegandcutitbadly.Peta-Lynndraggedhimupthebankto____13____(safe).——★參考答案★——11.when12.headed13.safety【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了上周五，一個來自達爾文的13歲女孩Peta-Lynn從一只巨大的鱷魚手中救下了一名男子的故事?！?1題詳析】考查固定句型。句意：格雷厄姆站在船附近的淺水區(qū)時，一條鱷魚咬住了他的左臂。結合句意和空前的wasstanding可知，本空填when，引導時間狀語從句。固定句型bedoing...when...，意為“正在做某事，這時……”。故填when?！?2題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：當他們向岸邊游去時，鱷魚第二次襲擊了他們。headfor意為“前往”，是固定搭配。根據(jù)第一句中的LastFriday(上周五)和空后的attacked可知，此處應用一般過去時，head的過去式是headed。故填headed。【13題詳析】考查名詞。句意：佩塔-林恩把他拖到岸邊安全的地方。safe意為“安全的”，是形容詞，此處應用其名詞形式safety“安全”，作介詞to的賓語。故填safety。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mostpeoplehavedictionariesintheirhomes.TheOxfordEnglishDictionaryreachedevenmorepeoplewhenitwentonline____14____2000.TheDictionaryismadeupof60millionwordsoftext,anddescribesnearly750,000terms,____15____havebeenusedinEnglishoverthepastthousandyears.Becausethelanguage____16____(grow)allthetime,theOEDisbeingrevised.Everyfewmonthsduringthenext10years,thousandsofnewwordswillbereleasedonline.——★參考答案★——14.in15.which16.isgrowing【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了《牛津英語詞典》的發(fā)展?！?4題詳析】考查介詞。句意：2000年《牛津英語詞典》上線后，它的讀者群更廣。年份前用介詞in，根據(jù)空后的2000可知，本空填介詞in。in2000意為“在2000年”。故填in。【15題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：《牛津英語大詞典》收錄了6000萬單詞，描述了近75萬個英語詞匯，這些詞匯在過去的一千年里一直在使用。分析句子結構可知，本空引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是750,000terms，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。【16題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：由于這種語言一直在發(fā)展，《牛津英語詞典》也在進行修訂。動詞grow意為“發(fā)展”。根據(jù)空后的allthetime和isbeingrevised可知，Because引導的原因狀語從句時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在進行時，且主語thelanguage為第三人稱單數(shù)，故be動詞用is。故填isgrowing。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給〖提示〗詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出〖提示〗詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Topredictistoguesswhatcomesnext.Makingpredictionsisareadingstrategy,inwhichreadersuseinformationfromatextandtheirownpersonalexperiences____17____(anticipate)whattheyareabouttoread,____18____(help)studentsmakeconnectionsbetweentheirpriorknowledgeandthetext.Predictingisalsoaprocessskill____19____(use)inscience.Inthiscontext,aprediction____20____(make)abouttheoutcomeofafutureeventbaseduponapatternofevidence.——★參考答案★——17.toanticipate18.helping19.used20.ismade【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。預測是一種閱讀策略，讀者利用文本中的信息和自己的個人經(jīng)歷來預測他們將要閱讀的內(nèi)容，幫助學生在他們的先驗知識和文本之間建立聯(lián)系?！?7題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：預測是一種閱讀策略，讀者利用文本中的信息和自己的個人經(jīng)歷來預測他們將要閱讀的內(nèi)容，幫助學生在他們的先驗知識和文本之間建立聯(lián)系。短語usesth.todosth.表示“用某物做某事”。故填toanticipate?！?8題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：預測是一種閱讀策略，讀者利用文本中的信息和自己的個人經(jīng)歷來預測他們將要閱讀的內(nèi)容，幫助學生在他們的先驗知識和文本之間建立聯(lián)系。分析句子結構可知help與邏輯主語strategy構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填helping。【19題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：預測也是科學中使用的一種過程技能。分析句子結構可知，此處是非謂語動詞作后置定語，修飾名詞skill，use與邏輯主語skill構成被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填used。【20題詳析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在這種情況下，基于證據(jù)模式對未來事件的結果進行預測。主語與謂語構成被動關系，根據(jù)上文Predictingisalso可知，句子描述一般性事實，所以此處為一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。故填ismade。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AArt,Culture&PerformancesinArizonaArtontheWildSideThreeofArizona’sfavoritepainterswillexhibittheirlatestworksinspiredbythenaturalworldintheiruniquestyles.Throughthisexhibit,guestscanengageintheZoo’smissiontocareforthenaturalworld.Date:February1-April31,2020Location:455NGalvinPkwy,Phoenix,AZ85008Price:$90Always...PatsyClineAlways...PatsyClineisamusicalplay,completewithcountryhumor,trueemotion,andevensomeaudienceparticipation,includesmanyofPatsy’sunforgettablehitssuchas“Crazy”“IFalltoPieces”,“SweetDreams”,and“WalkingAfterMidnight”...27songsinall!Date:June14-21,2020Location:HaleTheater,50WestPageAvenue,Gilbert,AZ85233Price:$65TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaBestfriendsValentineandProteuschoosedifferentpathsinlifeonlytorunintoeachotheragainwhentheybothfallinlovewiththesamewoman.TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaisoneofShakespeare'searliestplays,hisfirstcomedyandalsooneofthemostrarelyperformedplaysinthecanon.Date:July18-25,2020Location:ScottsdaleDesertStagesTheatre,7014ECamelbackRd,Scottsdale,AZ85251Price:$28MandyMooreMandyMooreisgivingaconcertinourcity!Sheistouringtosupportherupcomingalbum.Mandy'sseventhstudioworkSilverLandingssettobereleasedonSeptember6.Date:September27-October3,2020Location:111N3rdStPhoenix,AZ85004Price:$4221.Whencanyougotoanexhibitionofpaintings?A.InMarch. B.InJune. C.InJuly. D.InSeptember.22.WherecanyougoifyouareinterestedinShakespeare’splays?A.ArtontheWildSide. B.Always...PatsyCline.C.TheTwoGentlemenofVerona. D.MandyMoore.23.Howmuchwillyoupayifyouwanttoenjoyaconcert?A.$28. B.$42. C.$65. D.$90.——★參考答案★——21.A22.C23.B【語篇解讀】本文為應用文，是一則有關藝術表演的廣告，涉及到畫展?音樂劇?戲劇和音樂會等多種藝術形式。【21題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。第一則廣告中，ArtontheWildSide是關于亞利桑那州著名畫家的展覽，根據(jù)其描述“Date:February1-April31,2020”其表演時間從2月初開始，到4月底結束，可以在3月觀看該畫展，故選A?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則廣告中的描述“TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaisoneofShakespeare'searliestplays”可知，TheTwoGentlemenofVerona是一場莎士比亞的戲劇，對莎士比亞感興趣的觀眾可以觀看該表演，故選C。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題目中的“concert”可定位到原文中的廣告MandyMoore，且具有唯一性，只有這一則廣告符合“MandyMooreisgivingaconcertinourcity!”從其描述“Price:$42”可知，MandyMoore將進行音樂會的巡回演出，票價為42美元，故選B。BItwashisfinalclimbtoreachthehighestsummitonallsevencontinents.WhenChristopherKulishfinallyreachedMountEverest’s29,035-footpeak,hejoinedagroupknownasthe“SevenSummitsClub”.Butthe62-year-oldColoradolawyerdiedsuddenlyMondayafterreturningtothefirstcampbelowthemountain’ssummit.He’sthesecondAmericantodieinthepastweekafterreachingEverest’shighestpoint.Hisfamilybelievesthecausewasaheartattack.Lastweek,55-year-oldDonaldCashdiedjustafterreachingtheEverestpeak.Healsohadreachedthehighestpointonallsevencontinents.IncludingChristopherandCash,atleast11peoplehavediedonMountEverestthisyear.Thedeathscomeamongreportsofovercrowdingonthepopularmountain.TheNepaligovernmentgrantedatotalof381permitstoclimbEverestthisyear,anumberthatdoesn’tincludeguideswhoareonthemountainaswell.Forsomeclimbers,thattraffichasmeantlongerwaittime—sometoldtheHimalayanTimesthewaithasexceededtwohoursbetweenthelastcampandthepeak.“Whenthere’sacrowd,beingamoreexperiencedclimberwon’thelpyou,”MountaineerO’Brien,whohasalsoclimbedthesevensummits,said.“Whenaclimberisstuckinthattraffic,theirbodyisstartingtodeteriorate(惡化)andthedescentisoftenharderthantheclimb.”“There’snosimpleexplanationforthestringofdeaths,”climbingexpertAlanArnettesaid.“Weatherisonefactorcausingovercrowding.Meanwhile,thecosttoclimbMountEveresthasdecreased,whichmeansmorepeoplearemakingthejourney.”Still,Christopherwasnobeginner.Hisfamilysaidhe’dbeenmountainclimbingforfivedecades.Hearrivedatthebasecampnearlytwomonthsbeforehisclimbsohecouldgivehimselftimetoadapttotheconditions.Hisbrother,MarkKulish,describedbeingalawyerasa“dayjob”forChristopher.Climbingwashispassion.24.WhatmadelongerwaittimeonMountEverest?A.Lackingguides. B.Overcrowding.C.Badweather. D.GettingGovernment’spermission.25.WhydidChristopherarriveatthebasecampsoearlybeforeclimbing?A.Towaitforhisfriends. B.Tolearnaboutthemountain.C.Toclearthetrafficjam. D.Toadapttoconditionsearlier.26.WhatdoweknowaboutChristopher?A.Hejoinedthe“SevenSummitsClub”atthebasecamp.B.Hehasreachedthehighestpointonallsevencontinents.C.HediedfromaheartattackbelowtheMountEverest’speak.D.11peoplefollowinghimdiedafterreachingtheEverestpeakthisyear.——★參考答案★——24.B25.D26.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了資深登山愛好者ChristopherKulish在攀登七大洲最高峰返回時在第一個營地突然死亡，文章說明了造成攀登最高峰人員死亡的原因以及Christopher的生平事跡?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thedeathscomeamongreportsofovercrowdingonthepopularmountain.(有報道稱，這座頗受歡迎的山峰過于擁擠，造成了這些死亡)”以及下文“Forsomeclimbers,thattraffichasmeantlongerwaittime—sometoldtheHimalayanTimesthewaithasexceededtwohoursbetweenthelastcampandthepeak.(對一些登山者來說，這樣的擁擠意味著更長的等待時間——一些人告訴《喜馬拉雅時報》，從最后一個營地到山頂已經(jīng)等了兩個多小時)”由此可知，過度擁擠使得珠峰上的等待時間更長。故選B?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Hearrivedatthebasecampnearlytwomonthsbeforehisclimbsohecouldgivehimselftimetoadapttotheconditions.(他在登山前兩個月就到達了大本營，這樣他就有時間適應環(huán)境。)”可知，Christopher在開始攀登前很早就到達了大本營，是為了更早適應氣候條件。故選D?！?6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itwashisfinalclimbtoreachthehighestsummitonallsevencontinents.WhenChristopherKulishfinallyreachedMountEverest’s29,035-footpeak,hejoinedagroupknownasthe“SevenSummitsClub”.(這是他攀登七大洲最高峰的最后一次攀登。當ChristopherKulish最終登上珠穆朗瑪峰29035英尺高的山峰時，他加入了一個名為“七峰俱樂部”的精英組織)；以及第二段“Lastweek,55-year-oldDonaldCashdiedjustafterreachingtheEverestpeak.Healsohadreachedthehighestpointonallsevencontinents.IncludingChristopherandCash,atleast11peoplehavediedonMountEverestthisyear.(上周，55歲的唐納德·卡什在登頂珠峰后不久去世。他還登上了七大洲的最高點。包括克里斯托弗和卡什在內(nèi)，今年至少有11人在珠穆朗瑪峰上死亡。)”由此可知，Christopher已經(jīng)登上了七大洲的最高點。故選B。CWorkingoutcanhelpteenagersboosttheirgrades,anewstudysuggests.Adolescentswhoroutinelyengagedinlighttointenseexerciseshowedlong-termimprovementsintheiracademicperformance,theBritishJournalofSportsMedicinestudyreported.“Ourstudysuggeststhattheeffectofphysicalactivitymaybequitelarge,”JohnReilly,aprofessorattheUniversityofStrathclydesaid.Theresearcherslookedatasampleofabout5000childrenwhowereinvolvedinalong-termstudythattrackschildrenbornintheU.K.between2004and2005.Whenchildrenreached11yearsold,theirdailyphysicalactivitylevelsweremeasuredusinganaccelerometer(加速器)forthreetosevendays.Thedevice,similartoapedometer(計步器)trackingthenumberofstepstaken,recordedtheaveragetimechildrenexercised,whichwas29minutesadayforboysand18forgirls.“Theactuallevelsofdailyphysicalactivityatage11werequitelow,”Mr.Reillynoted.Thechildrenhadtheiracademicperformancetestedatages11and13withcompulsorynationaltestsforstudents,andalsoat15or16withtheGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE)exam.Thetestsassessedthechildren’sabilitiesinEnglish,mathandsciencesubjects.Theresultsshowedthatthemorechildrenparticipatedinlighttointensephysicalactivity,thehighertheirtestscoreswereatage11inallthreesubjects.Forgirls,sciencescoresweremoststronglylinkedtoexercise.Whenchildrenweretestedagainatage13,theiracademicscoreswerestilllinkedtohowmuchtheyhadexercisedwhentheywere11yearsold.BythetimetheyoungsterstooktheGCSEexam,each17-minute-per-dayincreaseinphysicalactivityfortheboyswaslinkedtoanimprovementintheirscores.Everyadditional12-minuteincreaseadayinexerciseforthegirlswasalsolinkedtoanincreasedscore,especiallyinthesciencecategory.Theresearchershavecalledformorestudiestolookatthepossibleacademicbenefitsthatcouldbederivedifstudentsexercisedtherecommended60minutesormoreaday.27.What’sthestudyabout?A.Thesecretsofstudents’rankinghighinclass.B.Theinfluenceofexerciseonstudents’scores.C.Thecausesofstudents’participatinginsports.D.Thewaysofimprovingstudents’physicalconditions.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Studentsatage11domoreexercisethanatotherages.B.Boysatage13getmorebenefitsbydoingmoreexercise.C.Girls’sciencescoresaremorecloselyrelatedtoexercise.D.Moreandmorestudentsdoexercisetoimprovetheirscores.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“derived”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Maintained. B.Reduced. C.Concluded. D.Obtained.30.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexercise.B.Toexplaintheacademicdifferencebetweenboysandgirls.C.Topresentamethodtoimprovechildren’sacademicperformance.D.Tointroduceastudyontherelevancebetweenexerciseandacademicbenefits.——★參考答案★——27.B28.C29.D30.D【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了鍛煉能幫助提高青少年學習成績的研究結果?！?7題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“Workingoutcanhelpteenagersboosttheirgrades,anewstudysuggests.(一項新的研究表明，鍛煉可以幫助青少年提高成績)”可知，這項研究是關于鍛煉提高青少年學習成績的，即運動對學生成績的影響。故選B項?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中“Forgirls,sciencescoresweremoststronglylinkedtoexercise.(對于女孩子來說，科學的成績跟運動密切相關)”可知，研究顯示女孩子的成績跟運動關系更加密切。故選C項。【29題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段畫線詞所在句“l(fā)ookatthepossibleacademicbenefits(看看可能的好處。)”和“ifstudentsexercisedtherecommended60minutesormoreaday.(如果學生每天鍛煉建議的60分鐘或更長時間)”可知，研究人員呼吁進行更多的研究，看看如果學生每天鍛煉建議的60分鐘或更長時間，可能得到的學術益處。再根據(jù)上文的研究結果可知，鍛煉能夠帶來習成績的提高。所以可以推斷出畫線詞的意思是“得到；獲得”的意思。A.Maintained維護；B.Reduced減少；C.Concluded得出結論；D.Obtained獲得。故選D項。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Workingoutcanhelpteenagersboosttheirgrades,anewstudysuggests.(一項新的研究表明，鍛煉可以幫助青少年提高成績。)”可知，文章介紹一項關于鍛煉與學業(yè)益處之間相關性的研究。故選D。DInJune2022,HuffingtonPostandMailOnlinereportedthatthree-year-oldVictoriaWilcher,whohadsufferedfacialscarring(結疤),hadbeenkickedoutofaKFCbecauseshewasfrighteningcustomers.Later,KFCannouncedthatnoevidencehadbeenfoundtosupportthestory.Thisphenomenonislargelyaproductoftheincreasingpressureinnewsroomsthatcaremoreabouttrafficfigures.BrookeBinkowski,aneditor,saysthat,duringhercareer,shehasseenashifttowardslesseditorialoversightinnewsrooms.“Clickbaitisking,sonewsroomswilluncriticallyprintsomethingunreal.Notallnewsroomsarelikethis,butalotofthemare.”Askedwhatthedrivingfactorwas,ajournalistsaid,“Thereisundoubtedlypressuretochurnout(粗制濫造)storiesinordertogetclicks,becausetheyequalmoney.Atmyformeremployerinparticular,thepressurewasonduetothelimitedresources.Thatmadetheenvironmentquitehorribletoworkin.”InaFebruary2023reportforDigitalJournalism,CraigSilvermanwrote,“Todaythebarforwhatisworthgivingattentiontoseemstobemuchlower.Withinminutesorhours,abadlysourcedreportcanbechangedintoastorythatisrepeatedbydozensofnewswebsites,resultingintensofthousandsofshares.Onceacertaincriticalmassisreached,repetitionhasapowerfuleffectonbelief.Thus,therumorsimplybecomestrueforreaders.”And,inspiteofthedirectionthatsomenewsroomsseemtobeheadingin,acriticaleyeisbecomingmore,notlessimportant,accordingtotheNewYorkTimes’publiceditor,MargaretSullivan.“Reportersandeditorshavetobemorecarefulthaneverbefore.It’sextremelyimportanttoquestionandtouseeveryverification(驗證)methodavailablebeforepublication.”Yetthoseworkinginnewsroomstalkofdoubtfulstoriesbeingtoleratedbecause,inthewordsofsomesenioreditors,“aclickisaclick,regardlessoftheadvantageofastory”.And,“ifthestorydoesturnouttobefalse,it’ssimplyachanceforanotherbiteatthecherry.”Verificationandfact-checkingareregularlyfallingvictimtothepressuretobringinthenumbers,andiftheonlyresultofbeingcaughtoutisanotherchancetobringintheclicks,thatlooksunlikelytochange.31.AccordingtoBrookeBinkowski,newsroomsproducefalsenewsbecause.A.clicksmatteralot B.resourcesarelimitedC.moneyisneededfornews D.journalistslackexperience32.WhatdoesCraigSilverman’sremarkprobablymean?A.Liescan’tsellwithoutanatomoftruth.B.Rumorsarelikeaflameblownbythewind.C.Youcanhearrumors,butyoucan’tknowthem.D.Alie,repeatedfrequentlyenough,willendupastruth.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewsrooms?A.Pessimistic. B.Supportive. C.Subjective. D.Sympathetic.34.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Consequencesoffalsestories. B.Causesofonlinefalsenews.C.Inabilityofjournalists. D.Acrazetogetclicks.——★參考答案★——31.A32.D33.A34.B【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。主要介紹了網(wǎng)絡或者報紙上有時會出現(xiàn)某些虛假消息并對其發(fā)生原因進行了分析，同時指出對此網(wǎng)站或者報紙編輯室應該高度重視?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BrookeBinkowski,aneditor,saysthat,duringhercareer,shehasseenashifttowardslesseditorialoversightinnewsrooms.“Clickbaitisking,sonewsroomswilluncriticallyprintsomethingunreal.Notallnewsroomsarelikethis,butalotofthemare.”(編輯BrookeBinkowski表示，在她的職業(yè)生涯中，她看到新聞編輯室的編輯監(jiān)督越來越少?！包c擊率為王，所以新聞編輯室會不加批判地刊登一些不真實的東西。”不是所有的新聞編輯室都是這樣，但很多都是。”)”可知，點擊率是非常重要的東西，因此新聞編輯室有時會錯誤地報道某些新聞。故選A。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“InaFebruary2023reportforDigitalJournalism,CraigSilvermanwrote,“Todaythebarforwhatisworthgivingattentiontoseemstobemuchlower.Withinminutesorhours,abadlysourcedreportcanbechangedintoastorythatisrepeatedbydozensofnewswebsites,resultingintensofthousandsofshares.Onceacertaincriticalmassisreached,repetitionhasapowerfuleffectonbelief.Thus,therumorsimplybecomestrueforreaders.”(克雷格·西爾弗曼在2023年2月為《數(shù)字新聞》撰寫的一份報告中寫道：“今天，值得關注的東西的標準似乎要低得多。在幾分鐘或幾小時內(nèi)，一篇來源不佳的報道就可能變成一篇文章，被數(shù)十家新聞網(wǎng)站反復轉(zhuǎn)載，導致數(shù)萬次轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。一旦達到一定的臨界質(zhì)量，重復就會對信念產(chǎn)生強大的影響。因此，對讀者來說，謠言就變成了真的。”)”可推知，克雷格·西爾弗曼的話意思是：謠言一旦被廣泛傳播就回掩蓋事實成為讀者們眼中的真相。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Reportersandeditorshavetobemorecarefulthaneverbefore.It’sextremelyimportanttoquestionandtouseeveryverification(驗證)methodavailablebeforepublication.”Yetthoseworkinginnewsroomstalkofdoubtfulstoriesbeingtoleratedbecause,inthewordsofsomesenioreditors,“aclickisaclick,regardlessoftheadvantageofastory”.And,“ifthestorydoesturnouttobefalse,it’ssimplyachanceforanotherbiteatthecherry.”(“記者和編輯必須比以往任何時候都更加小心。在發(fā)表之前，質(zhì)疑并使用所有可用的驗證方法是非常重要的?！比欢切┰谛侣劸庉嬍夜ぷ鞯娜苏f，可疑的報道被容忍了，因為，用一些資深編輯的話來說，“點擊一下就是點擊一下，不管報道有什么好處”。而且，“如果這個故事最終被證明是假的，這只是一個再次咬櫻桃的機會。”)”可推知，作者對新聞編輯室的態(tài)度是否定的。故選A?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段“InJune2022,HuffingtonPostandMailOnlinereportedthatthree-year-oldVictoriaWilcher,whohadsufferedfacialscarring(結疤),hadbeenkickedoutofaKFCbecauseshewasfrighteningcustomers.Later,KFCannouncedthatnoevidencehadbeenfoundtosupportthestory.Thisphenomenonislargelyaproductoftheincreasingpressureinnewsroomsthatcaremoreabouttrafficfigures.(2022年6月，赫芬頓郵報和郵報在線報道，三歲的維多利亞·威爾徹因面部疤痕被肯德基開除，因為她嚇到了顧客。隨后，肯德基宣布沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)支持這一說法。這種現(xiàn)象在很大程度上是新聞編輯部越來越大的壓力的產(chǎn)物，他們更關心流量數(shù)據(jù))”可知，文章從2014年6月《赫芬頓郵報》和《郵報在線》報道的三歲的維多利亞·威爾徹因臉上的疤痕嚇到顧客而被被趕出肯德基這一假新聞為例介紹了網(wǎng)絡上或者報紙上有時會出現(xiàn)某些虛假消息，接下來文章對其發(fā)生原因進行了分析，同時指出對此網(wǎng)站或者報紙編輯室應該高度重視。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtobuildpatienceabilitiesWhat’sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.____35____Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行動物的)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit-forming.Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.____36____Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions—wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdiscomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.____37____Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon’treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest—butverypresent—painfulfeelings.____38____Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat’sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat’shappening,theresistance.____39____Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing.Youcansaytoyourself,“It’strue.Idon’tlikethis;thisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.”A.Practicepositiveself-talk.B.Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.C.Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D.Weallhavethem,andwecangrowbeyondthem.E.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.F.Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.G.Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.——★參考答案★——35.E36.D37.B38.G39.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了培養(yǎng)耐心的有效方法。【35題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithlittlepainandannoyance.(推薦一些有效的方法來訓練自己，讓自己在工作中少一些痛苦和煩惱。)”提出文章中要推薦一些有效的方法來訓練自己，即，提出了解決困難的方法，那么，設空句應講述“困難”，以構成前后文之間的“提出困難到解決困難”的邏輯關系。選項E“Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully.(但事實上，成功地建立它們需要努力。)”中“成功地建立它們需要努力”可看作為培養(yǎng)耐心的困難所在，符合語境分析，且句中“tobuildthem”與前文“buildingpatienceabilities”相呼應，前后銜接緊密。故選E項?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience—anger,impatience,blameandshame.(因此，培養(yǎng)耐心的第一步是接觸與耐心相反的令人上癮的品質(zhì)——憤怒、不耐煩、責備和羞恥。)”提出了一些不好的情緒和品質(zhì)，那么，設空句應承接此話題繼續(xù)講述與這些情緒和品質(zhì)有關的內(nèi)容。選項D“Weallhavethem,andwecangrowbeyondthem.(我們都擁有它們，我們可以超越它們。)”中的代詞“them”指代前文提及的一些不好的情緒和品質(zhì)，在句意上與該段首句“Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.(了解憤怒和不耐煩的成癮性。)”首尾照應。故選D項。【37題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat’sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.(但問題是，我們痛苦的根源并不是外在的東西，而是我們的思維方式。)”提出痛苦的根源在于思維方式，即，內(nèi)部。那么設空句承接此原因總結解決途徑——從內(nèi)部解決。選項B“Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.(所以解決疼痛的方法是內(nèi)在的。)”在句意上符合分析，“So”表達“因此，所以”含義，與前文構成因果關系，前后銜接緊密。故選B項?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat’sactuallyhappeninginthemomentinsideyou.(但要真正關心自己，就要對你內(nèi)心此刻發(fā)生的事情感到好奇。)”提出要對內(nèi)心的痛苦感到好奇，結合該句的“But”表達轉(zhuǎn)折含義可推知，設空句應是與其句意相反，即，不關注內(nèi)在痛苦，并提出關注的另一個方面。選項G“Weignorethefactthatwe’reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.(我們忽略了我們處于痛苦中的事實，并完全專注于解決問題。)”在句意上符合分析，提到的“完全專注于解決問題”即為另一個方面，與后文構成轉(zhuǎn)折關系。故選G項。【39題詳析】分析可知，設空句為該段的主旨句。根據(jù)后文“Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing.Youcansaytoyourself,‘It’strue.Idon’tliket