外文翻譯中國激光技術(shù)發(fā)展回顧與展望

China'slasertechnologydevelopmentRetrospectandProspect"Laser"is"LASER"translation.LASERwasoriginallyLightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiationfromacombinationoftheprefixspecificterms,inourcountryhasbeentranslatedinto"Laise,""lasinglight,"and"opticalamplifierbystimulatedemission."1964,QianXuesenacademiciansproposalnamed"Laser",reflectsnotonlythe"stimulatedemission,"thescientificconnotation,andthatitisaverystrongsourceofnew,appropriate,vividandconcise,bytheChinesescientificcommunityconsensusandinuseeversince.Fromthe1961Chinafirstlaserthathassuccessfullydevelopedthroughoutthecountry,laserresearch,teaching,productionanduseofunitsunderjointefforts,Chinahasformedacompleterange,theadvancedlevel,theapplicationoflasertechnologytoawiderangeoffields,andmadetheindustrializationofencouragingprogressforChina'sscienceandtechnology,nationaldefenseandnationaleconomyandmadepositivecontributionsintheinternationalarenahasalsogainaplace.China'searlydevelopmentoflasertechnology1957,inChangchunWangShouguan,suchasChina'sfirstprofessionalopticalInstitute-theChineseAcademyofSciences(Changchun)opticalprecisioninstrumentsMachineryResearchInstitute("-raymachine").Intheoldergenerationofexpertsundertheleadershipofanumberofyoungscienceandtechnologyworkerswillgrowrapidly,DengXimingisoneoftheoutstandingrepresentatives.Asearlyasin1958theUnitedStatesphysicistXiaoluo,Townesontheprincipleoflaserfamouspaperpublishedsoon,hewillactivelypromotethisnewtechnologyresearchcarriedoutinashorttimethecombinationoftheinnovativespiritoftheyoungandmiddle-agedresearchteamproposedsubstantialincreasebrightnesslightsource,colorunits,coherenceofideasandexperimentalprogrammes.1960Worldfirstlasercomeout.Summer1961,undertheauspicesofWangJiang,China'sfirstrubylaserdeveloped.Withinashortspaceofafewyears,lasertechnologydevelopedrapidly,andproduceanumberofadvancedachievements.Varioustypesofsolids,gases,chemicalsandsemiconductorlasershavebeensuccessfullydeveloped.Inthebasicresearchandkeytechnologies,aseriesofnewconcepts,newmethodsandnewtechnologies(suchasmutationandcavityQ-to-Q,travelingwaveamplification,Re-usesystem,freeelectronoscillationsradiation,etc.)havebeenputforwardandimplemented,andmanyofthemareunique.Atthesametime,asahigh-brightness,high-directional,high-quality,andotheradvancedfeaturesofthenewlightsource,laserusedinvarioustechnicalfieldsquickly,demonstratingastrongvitalityandcompetitiveness.Communications,inSeptember1964bytelevisionpicturestransmittedlaserdemonstration,inNovember1964toachieve3to30kmcalls.Industries,inMay1965laserdrillingmachinesuccessfullyusedDrawingDieBlankingproduction,acquisitionsignificanteconomicbenefits.Medicine,June1965retinallaserweldingfortheanimalsandconductclinicaltrials.Nationaldefense,inDecember1965successfullydevelopedlaserrangefinderDiffuseReflectance(accuracyof10meters/10km),inApril1966developedremotecontrolpulselaserDopplervelocimeter.Alongwiththetheorystudyofthelaserself-mixinginterferencebecomingmaturerhigherincreasingly,theapplicationinvibration,micro-displacementandvelocitymeasurebasedonthistechnologybecomebroader.Thetechnicrequiresreal-timeacquisitionandprocessingforthelaserinterferometersignal.Thedataacquisitionandprocessingsystemoftraditionalvibrometerisstructuralcomplex,highcostanddifficulttocarry.Withthehighrunningspeedandhigh-precisioncomputing,digitalsignalprocessor(DSP)issuitableforthelaserself-mixinginterferencesignalacquisitionandprocessing.Inthispaper,thetechnologyoflaserself-mixinginterferencemodulatedbytriangularwavecurrentisresearched.ItstudiestheoreticalmodelofthevibrationsystemandusesMatlabforalgorithmssimulationanderroranalysis,alsodiscusseshowtominishtheerror.AdataacquisitionandprocessingsystemwhichadoptsTMS320LF2407ADSPfromTIasacentralprocessorisdesigned.Thedesigningandrealizationplanofsystemforhardwareisproposedindetail,includingDSPminisystem,DSPandADCinterfacecircuit,signalconditioningcircuit,LCDdisplaymoduleandDSPinterfacecircuit,RS232communicationcircuitetc,technologyonhardwaredesigningisalsodiscusssedinthedissertation.Thedesigningandrealizingprocessofsystemforsoftwareisanalyzedasfollowed,whichconsistsofapplicationofCCS,planningofCMDdocument,dataacquisitionandprocessingmodule,LCDdisplaymoduleandserialcommunicationmodulebasedonMatlab.Practiceshowsthatthisdataacquisitionandprocessingsystemcanwithstandstableoperation,satisfythedemandofthehigh-speedalternatinglaserself-mixinginterferencesignalandreconstructsthevibrationwaveformofdetectedobjects.BecauseoftheDSPtechnology,thecostofvibrometergreatlyreducedandsimplifiedstructure,easytocarry.Italsoprovidestheconditionsforthevibrometerwhichisbasedonlaserself-mixinginterferencetosmall,intelligence,andportable.Ithasawideapplicationprospect.Briefintroductionof51MCUDescriptionTheAT89C51isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashprogrammableanderasablereadonlymemory(PEROM).ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmel’shigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustry-standardMCS-51instructionsetandpinout.Theon-chipFlashallowstheprogrammemorytobereprogrammedin-systemorbyaconventionalnonvolatilememoryprogrammer.Bycombiningaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theAtmelAT89C51isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighly-flexibleandcost-effectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.FunctioncharacteristicTheAT89C51providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:4KbytesofFlash,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C51isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePower-downModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillatordisablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.PinDescriptionVCC：SupplyvoltageGND：GroundPort0：Port0isan8-bitopen-drainbi-directionalI/Oport.Asanoutputport,eachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.Port0mayalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/databusduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.InthismodeP0hasinternalpullups.Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogramming,andoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpullupsarerequiredduringprogramverification.Port1Port1isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.Port2Port2isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent,becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse16-bitaddresses.Inthisapplication,itusesstronginternalpullupswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse8-bitaddresses,Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister.Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification.外文翻譯（中文）中國激光技術(shù)發(fā)展回顧與展望“激光”是“LASER”的翻譯。激光最初是光的受激輻射等從組合的前綴具體條款，在我國已被翻譯成“萊塞”、“激光燈”和“光學(xué)放大受激發(fā)射?！?964年，錢學(xué)森院士提出了“激光”，不僅反映了“受激發(fā)射”的科學(xué)的內(nèi)涵，而且它是一個(gè)非常新的來源，適當(dāng)?shù)?，生?dòng)性和簡潔性，被中國科學(xué)界所共識(shí)并沿用至今。從1961開始中國第一臺(tái)激光器研發(fā)成功，激光在科研，教學(xué)，生產(chǎn)和使用單位的共同努力下，中國已經(jīng)形成了完整的系列，先進(jìn)水平，激光技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍廣泛，并取得令人鼓舞的進(jìn)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)化的中國科技，在國防和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了積極的貢獻(xiàn)，在國際上也占有一席之地。我國早期激光技術(shù)的發(fā)展1957年，王在長春綬，如中國第一個(gè)專業(yè)學(xué)院-中國科學(xué)院（長春）光學(xué)儀器精密機(jī)械研究。在老一輩專家的帶領(lǐng)下，一批青年科技工作者將迅速增長，鄧錫銘是其中的杰出代表。早在1958個(gè)美國物理學(xué)家湯斯小羅，在激光的原理是著名的論文發(fā)表后不久，他將積極推動(dòng)這一新技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)行了一個(gè)短的時(shí)間相結(jié)合的創(chuàng)新精神的中青年研究小組建議大量增加亮度的光源，色彩單位，連貫性的想法和實(shí)驗(yàn)節(jié)目。1960世界第一激光出來。1961年夏天，汪強(qiáng)的主持下，中國第一臺(tái)紅寶石激光器研制。在短短的幾年，激光技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，并產(chǎn)生了一批先進(jìn)成果。各種類型的固體，氣體，化學(xué)、半導(dǎo)體激光器已研制成功。在基礎(chǔ)研究和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，一系列新概念，新方法和新技術(shù)（如突變和腔q-to-q，波形放大，再利用系統(tǒng)，自由電子振蕩輻射等）已提出和實(shí)施，而且很多都是獨(dú)特的。同時(shí)，作為一個(gè)高亮度，高品質(zhì)和其他高級(jí)功能的新光源，激光應(yīng)用在各種技術(shù)領(lǐng)域迅速，表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)大的生命力和競爭力。1964年九月的電視畫面?zhèn)魉偷募す庋菔?，?964年十一月達(dá)到3至30公里的電話通訊。在1965年可以成功地用于激光鉆孔機(jī)的落料拉深模具生產(chǎn)，取得顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。1965年六月視網(wǎng)膜激光焊接和進(jìn)行臨床試驗(yàn)的動(dòng)物。在國防方面，于1965年十二月成功開發(fā)了激光測距儀的漫反射（精度10米/10公里），1966年四月開發(fā)遠(yuǎn)程控制脈沖激光測速儀。隨著激光自混合干涉技術(shù)理論研究的日趨成熟，它在振動(dòng)、微小位移、速度等測量方面日益得到廣泛應(yīng)用該技術(shù)要求對(duì)激光干涉信號(hào)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的采集和處理。。傳統(tǒng)測振儀器的數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，成本較高，不易攜帶。數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器（數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器）的運(yùn)行速度快，運(yùn)算精度高，適合激光自混合干涉信號(hào)的采集與處理本文研究了三角波電流調(diào)制型激光自混合干涉技術(shù)。。分析了激光自混合干涉測振儀的理論模型中，并用進(jìn)行了仿真和誤差分析，討論了減小誤差的方法。設(shè)計(jì)了以鈦公司TMS320LF2407數(shù)字信號(hào)處理器為核心的數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理系統(tǒng)。提出了系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方案，其中包括了數(shù)字信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換器最小系統(tǒng)、與接口電路、信號(hào)調(diào)理電路、液晶顯示模塊與數(shù)字接口電路、RS232通信電路等。文中還就數(shù)字硬件設(shè)計(jì)方面的注意點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了簡要的探討。完成了系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計(jì)，包括鈦集成開發(fā)環(huán)境消委會(huì)的應(yīng)用、指令中的文件的編寫、數(shù)據(jù)采集與處理模塊、液晶顯示模塊、基于的串口通