高中英語北師大版選擇性必修三UNIT 7 Period 7　Focus on Language-Verb-ed Form Negative Expressions

Period7FocusonLanguage—Verb-edForm&NegativeExpressionsⅠ.感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題1．Supportedbyhisresearch，ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess，theircharacter，asmeasuredbyEQtests，mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.2．Comparedtostudentswhohadnotbeeninvolvedinthestudy，theyalsoshowedabetterunderstandingofthedisabledstudents’feelings.1．句1中，support的邏輯主語為ProfessorSalovey，和動(dòng)詞support構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過去分詞supported在句中作狀語。2．句2中，compare的邏輯主語為they，和動(dòng)詞compare構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。compared在句中作狀語。Ⅱ.感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題1．Mostpeoplenowhavenointentionoffollowingintheirparents’footstepsorevenstayingatonejobforverylong.2．Infact，planningtoworkinthesamefieldorindustryforyourentireworkinglifejustisn’tpracticalanymore.3．Theskillsyouhavenowareunlikelytoremainrelevantandbeenoughtohelpyouthroughyourentirecareer.4．Youmightbeabletokeepyourjobifyoufinishwhatyouareaskedtodo，butthisishardlyarecipeforgreatcareersuccess.5．Lifetimesecurityfromoneemployerisnolongercertainorevenlikely.觀察以上句子，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)句子中均含有表示否定意義的單詞或詞組。表達(dá)否定意義的形式多樣，可以是否定副詞，如句1中的no，句2中的notanymore和句5中的nolonger。此外，有些詞加否定前綴或后綴構(gòu)成否定，如句3中的unlikely。還有些詞本身含有否定意義，如句4中的hardly。一、過去分詞(短語)作狀語(一)過去分詞(短語)作狀語的基本用法過去分詞(短語)作狀語，表示被動(dòng)的或完成的動(dòng)作，這時(shí)句子的主語和過去分詞之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。在句中可以相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句或者作方式、伴隨狀語。1．表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。Askedaboutthequalityguarantee(＝Whenhewasaskedaboutthequalityguarantee)，thesalesmandidn’trespond.當(dāng)被問及質(zhì)量保證時(shí)，推銷員沒有回答。Motivatedbythesalaryhehasearned(＝Asheismotivatedbythesalaryhehasearned)，heworksharder.受到所得工資的激勵(lì)，他工作更努力了。2．表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由unless，if等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Givenmoretime(＝Ifitisgivenmoretime)，ourassociationwillachievemore.假以時(shí)日，我們的協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)取得更多的成就。Notinvited(＝Ifwearen’tinvited/Unlessweareinvited)，wewon’tgotohisbirthdaypartytobeheldthisweekend.如果不被邀請(qǐng)，我們就不會(huì)去參加他本周末舉行的生日聚會(huì)。3．表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由as，because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。Greatlyinspiredbytheteacher’swords(＝Becausehewasgreatlyinspiredbytheteacher’swords)，hemadeuphismindtoworkatEnglishevenharder.深受老師的話的激勵(lì)，他決心更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。4．表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Beatenbytheoppositeteam(＝Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam)，wedidn’tloseheartandencouragedeachother.雖然被對(duì)手的隊(duì)伍打敗了，但我們并沒有灰心并且相互鼓勵(lì)。Thoughwarnedofthestorm(＝Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm)，thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefield.盡管被警告過有暴風(fēng)雨，農(nóng)民們?nèi)匀辉谔锏乩飫谧鳌?．表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，可位于句首或句末，可以擴(kuò)展成一個(gè)狀語從句或并列分句。Followedbyagroupofstudents，theteacherenteredtheclassroom.＝Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.老師走進(jìn)教室，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。注意：1．過去分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，前面有時(shí)可以加上when，if，while，though，evenif，unless等連詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是一種省略的狀語從句。需要注意的是，省略的主語必須和主句的主語相同。2．有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng)。這樣的過去分詞常常是表示身心狀態(tài)或情緒的形容詞。如：lost沉溺于；seated坐；dressedin穿著；tiredof厭煩；facedwith面臨；accustomedto習(xí)慣于等。Lostinthought，thearchitectdidn’thearthesound.沉浸在思考之中，建筑師沒聽到那道聲音。Dressedinanewdress，shelooksverybeautiful.穿著一條新裙子，她看上去很漂亮。(二)過去分詞(短語)為獨(dú)立成分作狀語有的過去分詞作狀語為獨(dú)立成分作狀語，不用考慮與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，常見的有：given考慮到，comparedto/with和……相比較等。Givenherinterestinchildren，teachingseemstherightjobforher.考慮到她喜歡孩子，看來教書是很適合她的工作。Lackofexerciseisalsoariskfactorforheartdiseasebutit’srelativelysmallcomparedwith/toothers.缺乏鍛煉也是導(dǎo)致心臟病的一個(gè)因素，但是和其他因素相比，這種危險(xiǎn)很小。(三)過去分詞(短語)獨(dú)立主格作狀語動(dòng)詞-ed形式(短語)作狀語時(shí)，有時(shí)在前面加上自己的主語，這種帶有自身主語的動(dòng)詞-ed形式被稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，這種獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作狀語，可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。Extramoneygiventothepoor，hefeltveryhappy.＝Becauseextramoneywasgiventothepoor，hefeltveryhappy.額外的錢給了窮人后，他感到很高興。(四)過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別過去分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。[助記]分詞作狀語記憶口訣分詞作狀語，主語是問題。前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)用-ing，被動(dòng)用-ed。Usedforalongtime，thebooklooksold.(被動(dòng)關(guān)系)由于用了很長時(shí)間，這本書看上去陳舊。Usingthebook，Ifinditveryuseful.(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)在使用這本書時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它很有用。注意：無論是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等其他表達(dá)形式。Ifcaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught，thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught，thepolicewillpunishhim/her.(√)二、表達(dá)否定意義的詞或詞組英語中否定含義的表達(dá)形式多種多樣，最常見的就是用否定詞和否定短語來表達(dá)否定含義。(一)常見的否定詞1．可以用not，no，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere等否定詞來表達(dá)否定意義。NeverinallmylifehaveIseensuchahorriblething.我一輩子也沒有見過這么恐怖的事。Thiskindofforestexistsnowhereelseintheworld.這種森林在世界其他任何地方都沒有。2．可以用hardly，scarcely，seldom，little，few等否定詞來表達(dá)否定意義。MygardenwascoveredwithsomanybutterfliesthatIcouldhardlyseetheflowers.我的花園里飛滿了太多蝴蝶，我?guī)缀蹩床坏交?。Sheseldom，ifever，goestothetheatre.她難得到劇院去看一場(chǎng)戲——雖然不能說從來不去。3．可以用含否定意義的前綴a-，ab-，an-，de-，dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，non-，un-，under-等構(gòu)成的詞表達(dá)否定意義；也可以用后綴-less，-free，-proof等構(gòu)成的詞表達(dá)否定意義。Todayitisimpossibletocurecancercompletely.目前要完全治愈癌癥是不可能的。Second，itisalsouselesstoworryaboutthefuture.其次，為未來而擔(dān)憂也是沒有用的。注意：以上否定副詞置于句首的時(shí)候，句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。NeverdidIknowyouhadatwinsister.我一點(diǎn)都不知道你還有個(gè)雙胞胎姐姐。Seldomhasheseenachildwithsomuchtalent.他很少見有如此天賦的孩子。(二)常見的否定詞組常見表達(dá)否定意義的詞組及固定搭配有：farfrom遠(yuǎn)非，絕不，ratherthan而不，insteadof而不，freefrom沒有，wouldrather...than...寧愿……不愿……，preferto...ratherthan...寧愿……不愿……，nolonger不再，not...anymore/longer不再，havenointentionof不打算做某事，too...to...太……而不能，moreAthanB與其說B不如說A，innocase決不，innoway決不，bynomeans決不等。Yourworkisfarfrombeingsatisfactory.你的工作一點(diǎn)也不令人滿意。Theylongforanequalsociety，freefrompovertyanddisease.他們渴望一個(gè)沒有貧窮和疾病的平等社會(huì)。He’stoosmalltotakecareofhimself.他太小了，還不能照顧自己。Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇無謀。用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Andthere，almostlost(lose)inthebigchair，satthenewclerk，whoneverhadtobetoldtokeepquiet.2．Highlydevoted(devote)tohisoccupation，hebecameasuccessfulCEOintheend.3．Realizing(realize)thathehadfallenbehind，Peterstartedtoquickenhispace.4．Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight，preparing(prepare)alongspeechforthepresident.5．Theisland，joined(join)tothemainlandbyabridge，iseasytoreach.6．Karlisunlikely(likely)tocometothepartybecauseheisbusypreparingforanexam.7．Marywassocareless(care)whenhurryingthroughthehallthatshefellover.8．Hismotherwasinfavorofhisideawhilehisfatherdisagreed(agree)withhim.9．Itisimpolite(polite)oftheclerktoshoutattheclientwithnogoodreason.10．Theyoungmanhadmealirregularly(regularly)sothathegotaseriousstomachache.Ⅰ.單句寫作1．藝術(shù)家專心繪畫，忘記了按時(shí)吃晚飯。(absorb)Absorbedinpainting，theartistforgottohavesupperontime.2．這所大學(xué)成立于1979年，已有40多年的歷史。(found)Foundedin1979，theuniversityhasahistoryofmorethan40years.3．他從來沒有放棄過他最初的夢(mèng)想。(部分倒裝)Neverhashegivenuphisoriginaldream.4．我們剛剛從著火的房子里逃出來它就塌了。Hardlyhadweescapedfromtheburninghousewhenitcollapsed.5．我寧可待在家里看電視也不愿去購物，因?yàn)槲姨哿俗卟粍?dòng)了。Iwouldratherstayathomethangoshopping,becauseIamtootiredtowalk.Ⅱ.閱讀理解In2022,61companiesintheUnitedKingdom(UK)tookpartintheworld’slargesttestofafour-dayworkweek.Thepilotprogram，conductedintheUK，guidedover60companiesandalmost3,000workersthroughasix-monthtrialofa4-dayweek，withnolossofpayforworkers.Overallresultsshowthatalmosteveryorganizationwillsticktoa4-dayweekpost-trial，with91%definitelycontinuingorplanningtocontinue，andafurther4%leaningtowardscontinuing.Companiesratedtheiroverallexperienceofthetrialsanaverageof8.5/10，withbusinessproductivityandbusinessperformanceeachscoring7.5/10.Profitsroseby35%overthetrialperiodswhencomparedtosimilarperiodsfromthepreviousyearandhiringincreasedwhileabsenteeismdecreased.Leadresearcher，ProfessorJulietSchorofBostonCollegeobservedanencouragingconsistencyinthedata.“Resultsarelargelysteadyacrossworkplacesofvaryingsizes，showingitworksformanytypesoforganizations.Therearealsosomeinterestingdifferences.Wefoundthatemployeesinnon-profitsandprofessionalserviceshadalargeraverageincreaseintimespentexercising，whilethoseinconstructionenjoyedthelargestreductionsinburnoutandsleepproblems，”shesaid.Gettingthecarbonfootprintdownisalsoencouraging，withcommuting(通勤)timefallingbyahalfhourperweek.Howdidworkersdomoreinlesstime?Somecompaniescutmeetings，ormadesuretheywereshorter.Othersusedtechnologytohelpworkersgetmoredonequickly.Somecompaniescreateda“focustime”soworkerscouldworkonjustonethingwithoutbeinginterrupted.Ingeneral，workerssaidthefour-dayworkweekleftthemfeelinglesstired.About71%saidtheyfeltless“burntout”withtheirnewworkhours，and39%saidtheyfeltlessstressed.Onaverage,73%oftheworkersweremoresatisfiedwiththetimetheyspentworking.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述2022年，英國有61家公司參加了世界上最大的一周工作四天的測(cè)試情況。1．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheexperiment?A．Controversial. B．Ambitious.C．Eventful. D．Successful.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，總體結(jié)果顯示，幾乎每個(gè)組織都會(huì)堅(jiān)持試驗(yàn)后每周工作四天，91%的組織肯定會(huì)繼續(xù)或計(jì)劃繼續(xù)，另有4%的組織傾向于繼續(xù)。及第三段中各公司的評(píng)價(jià)得分高，利潤增長，招聘人數(shù)增加，缺勤率下降等可知，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果是很成功的。故選D。2．Whatcanwesayaboutthefour-dayworkweek?A．It’saone-sidedmove.B．It’swhattechnologybrings.C．It’senvironmentallyfriendly.D．It’sunfitforbigcompanies.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，一周工作四天，通勤時(shí)間每周減少半個(gè)小時(shí)，可以減少碳足跡，是環(huán)保的。故選C。3．Whatarethestatisticsinthelastparagraphabout?A．Workinghabits.B．Joyatwork.C．Healthmanagement.D．Businessperformance.答案B解析推理判斷題。最后一段的數(shù)據(jù)表明，約71%的人表示，他們對(duì)新的工作時(shí)間感到不那么“精疲力竭”，39%的人表示壓力減少了。平均而言，73%的工人對(duì)他們花在工作上的時(shí)間更滿意。由此可知，這些數(shù)據(jù)表明人們?cè)诠ぷ髦械男腋８性鰪?qiáng)了。故選B。4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Monday-FridayModelIsOutdatedB．GoodHealthIsGoodBusinessC．4-DayWorkWeekTrialFinishesD．4-DayWorkWeekCouldBeComing答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，英國有61家公司參加了世界上最大的一周工作四天的測(cè)試。結(jié)合第二段和最后一段內(nèi)容可知，每周工作四天很受員工們歡迎，所以它可能會(huì)被廣泛普及。故選D。Ⅲ.完形填空Twoyearsago，KiahTwisselmanwasworkingfortheKentuckyBeefCouncil，whenshereachedtheweightof285pounds.Kiahwasresponsiblefortheirnutritionprogram，whichmeant1thehealthbenefitsofbeefanditwasn’tsittingwellwithher.Shehadtostandupinfrontofagroupofregistered2，agroupofinfluencers，andtellthemaboutthenutritionalbenefitsofbeef，anditmadeherso3.Whileonaflight，KiahreadabookbymotivationalspeakerRachelHollis.“Thatbookwaskindofmy4calltomethatifyouwanttochangeyourlife，itis100percentinyour5andnobodyelse’s，”saidKiah.Shestarted6HollisonsocialmediaanddecidedtotryherFiveToThriveplan，which7hertoadoptfivesimplehabitsandcommitto8themeverydayfor90days.Kiahstartedwakingupearlier，9，begandailyjournaling，drankwateraccordingtotheinstruction.Injustafewmonths，shelost25pounds，which10hertokeepgoing，11whenshehitaplateau(停滯期)．To12thingsup，Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos.Unlikepreviouslyblamingherselfforherfailure，thistime，shestartedfromaplaceof13.“WhenIfailed，Iwasmorewillingto14myselfandsay，‘WhatcanIlearnfromthis？’”O(jiān)verthenextyear，Kiahlost103poundsandthephysicaltransformationwasso15！eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了KiahTwisselman通過自己的努力減肥成功。)1．A.believing B．improvingC．ensuring D．a(chǎn)dvocating答案D解析由下文的“tellthemaboutthenutritionalbenefitsofbeef”可知，該項(xiàng)目是要提倡牛肉對(duì)健康的好處。故選D。2．A.nutritionists B．touristsC．farmers D．partners答案A解析由上文的“workingfortheKentuckyBeefCouncil”和下文的“agroupofinfluencers，andtellthemaboutthenutritionalbenefitsofbeef”可知，她是為肯塔基州牛肉委員會(huì)工作，可推知她的工作對(duì)象應(yīng)是有影響力的人和專業(yè)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)家。故選A。3．A.unfortunate B．successfulC．uncomfortable D．a(chǎn)ppealing答案C解析由上文語境尤其是“itwasn’tsittingwellwithher”可知，體重285磅的Kiah要在一群營養(yǎng)學(xué)家面前宣傳牛肉的營養(yǎng)價(jià)值，這讓她很不舒服。故選C。4．A.business B．wake-upC．first-aid D．conference答案B解析由下文語境可知，Kiah開啟了她的減肥之旅，說明RachelHollis的書喚醒了Kiah，給她的生活敲響了警鐘，讓她行動(dòng)起來。故選B。5．A.favor B．dietC．control D．opinion答案C解析由上文的“ifyouwanttochangeyourlife”可知，如果你想改變自己的生活，那么百分之百要由自己掌控，與別人無關(guān)。故選C。6．A.following B．a(chǎn)ssistingC．blaming D．interviewing答案A解析由上文語境和下文的“decidedtotryherFiveToThriveplan”可知，Kiah開始在社交媒體上關(guān)注Hollis，并決定嘗試她的計(jì)劃。故選A。7．A.forbade B．qualifiedC．permitted D．challenged答案D解析由下文的“Kiahstartedwakingupearlier，，begandailyjournaling，drankwateraccordingtotheinstruction.”可知，此處指該計(jì)劃要求她養(yǎng)成五個(gè)簡單的習(xí)慣，并堅(jiān)持每天練習(xí)，堅(jiān)持90天。故選D。8．A.overcoming B．practicingC．celebrating D．correcting答案B解析參考上題解析。故選B。9．A.watchedout B．dashedoutC．workedout D．spokeout答案C解析由下文的“Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos”可知，此處指早起后鍛煉。故選C。10．A.forced B．fueledC．promised D．reminded答案B解析由上文可知，Kiah成功減重25磅，這給了Kiah新的動(dòng)力，刺激她繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持下去。故選B。11．A.thus B．yetC．merely D．even答案D解析由下文“Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos”可知，Kiah甚至在到達(dá)停滯期之后也在堅(jiān)持。故選D。12．A.fix B．divideC．switch D．sum答案C解析由上文語境和下文的“Kiahstartedtryingoutharderworkoutvideos”可知，Kiah到了停滯期，所以為了改變現(xiàn)狀，Kiah嘗試難度更大的鍛煉視頻。故選C。13．A.self-criticism B．self-loveC．self-respect D．self-doubt答案B解析由上文的“Unlikepreviouslyblamingherselfforherfailure”可知，Kiah不再像以前那樣因失敗而自責(zé)，這次她從自愛開始。故選B。14．A.save B．protectC．introduce D．forgive答案D解析由上文語境可知，Kiah現(xiàn)在選擇愛自己，所以當(dāng)她失敗的時(shí)候，她不再責(zé)備自己了，而是原諒自己。故選D。15．A.apparent B．a(chǎn)wkwardC．slight D．gradual答案A解析由上文的“whenshereachedtheweightof285pounds”和“Kiahlost103pounds”可知，體重285磅的Kiah減了103磅，這種身體的變化是很明顯的。故選A。Ⅳ.語法填空InancientChinalivedanartist1.paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)2.__________(do)sohecalledallgreatartists3.(come)andpresenttheirfinestwork，sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould4.(choose)，butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefr