暑假作業(yè)09重點語法分詞(單句語法填空語篇語法填空)(原卷版)

暑假作業(yè)09分詞(單句語法填空+語篇語法填空)一、分詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)種類形式主動被動分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被動與完成二.分詞基本用法1.作表語動詞ing形式和動詞ed形式可以在句中作表語，說明主語的特征或者狀態(tài)，動詞ing形式還可以表示主語所指的內(nèi)容。Shefeltverydepressedaboutthefuture.她感到前途無望。Thebookwassointerestingthathealmostforgotthetime.這本書太有趣了，他幾乎忘記了時間。Herparttimejobisteachingyogainaschool.她的兼職工作是在一所學校教瑜伽。【易混辨析】動詞ing形式與動詞ed形式作表語的區(qū)別動詞ing形式表示事物自身具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”。如：interesting令人感興趣的；exciting令人激動的；disappointing令人失望的；encouraging令人鼓舞的；confusing令人費解的；pleasing令人愉快的；puzzling令人迷惑的；satisfying令人滿意的；moving令人感動的動詞ed形式表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……的”。interested感到有趣的；excited感到激動的；disappointed感到失望的；encouraged感到鼓舞的；confused感到費解的；pleased感到愉快的；puzzled感到迷惑的；satisfied感到滿意的；moved感到感動的注意：某些動詞的過去分詞可用來修飾名詞look，expression，face等。如：asurprisedlook一個驚訝的表情；atiredface一張疲倦的臉；adiscouragedexpression一個沮喪的表情。2.作定語形式用法現(xiàn)在分詞當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動關(guān)系時Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.公園里人山人海，人們在陽光下玩得很快樂。過去分詞當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表完成或狀態(tài)時，用過去分詞。Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人們期待著從全國各地挑選出來的運動員能在今年夏季的賽事中給我們帶來榮譽。being+過去分詞當被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動關(guān)系且表正在進行時，Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我們必須對在此討論的問題保密。(2)不及物動詞的分詞形式形式用法現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行；fallingleaves正在下落的葉子過去分詞過去分詞只表示一個動作已完成，不表被動。fallenleaves落葉3.作狀語形式用法現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作與句子主語之間是主動關(guān)系，且含有進行的意義；過去分詞過去分詞表示的動作與句子主語之間是被動關(guān)系，且含有完成的意義。TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.＝WhenthesentencewastranslatedintoEnglish，itwasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.(分詞作時間狀語)當這個句子被譯成英語時，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一個完全不同的語序。(2)作原因狀語相當于because，since，as引導的原因狀語從句。②Defeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.＝Becausehewasdefeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.(分詞作原因狀語)由于被同桌打敗了，他感到氣餒。Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.＝IfI’mgivenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkouttheproblem.(分詞作條件狀語)如果再給我一個小時，我也能解決這個問題。(4)作結(jié)果狀語常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果，分詞前可接thus。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。【溫馨提示】作方式或伴隨狀語表示一個同時發(fā)生的次要的(或者伴隨的)動作，常用逗號與句子主體部分隔開，相當于并列句。Mygrandfatherphonedme，askingmetoetohisflatassoonaspossible.＝Mygrandfatherphonedme，andheaskedmetoetohisflatassoonaspossible.爺爺給我打，要求我盡快去他的公寓。Absorbedinhisbook，hedidn’tnoticetheteacherentertheclassroom.專心于讀書，他沒注意到老師進入教室。(過去分詞作狀態(tài))注意某些動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時這些過去分詞既不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐著的)、hidden(隱瞞的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿著……的)、tired(對……感到厭倦的)、excited(興奮的)等?！就卣寡由臁竣侏毩⒊煞郑河行┓衷~或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。熟記的有：judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……來判斷；generallyspeaking一般來說；seeing.../given...考慮到……；frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老實說；paredto/with...與……相比；totellyouthetruth說實話；considering.../oconsideration/account考慮到……Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromsouth.從口音判斷，他是南方人。Generallyspeaking，theruleisveryeasytounderstand.一般來說，這條規(guī)則很容易懂。②獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/不定式；結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等是邏輯上的主謂或動賓關(guān)系；Muchworktodotonight(＝Astherewillbemuchworktodotonight)，wecan’tgotoseethefilm.今晚有很多活要干，我們不能去看電影。(相當于as引導的狀語從句)Hewaslyingonthegrass，hishandscrossedunderhishead(＝andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他頭枕著交叉的雙手躺在草地上。(相當于and引導的并列句)4.作賓語補足語(1)感官動詞(短語)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的賓語補足語有四種形式，以see為例：see+賓語+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth,看見……正做……,dosth,看見……做了……))?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone看見……,正在被做,done看見……被做))?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系)))(2)使役動詞make，let，have，get后接復(fù)合賓語的情況：①make+賓語+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做……?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系),done讓……被做?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系)))②let+賓語+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do讓……做……?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系),bedone讓……被做?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系)))Don’tletyourchildplaywithmatches.別讓你的孩子玩火柴。③have+賓語+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth讓……做某事,doingsth\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(使……持續(xù),做某事))))?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系),\a\vs4\al\co1(done使……被做)?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系)))【注意】havesbdoingsth用于否定句中，常與can’t，won’t等連用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。④get+賓語+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth使……做,doingsth使……開始做))\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的主動關(guān)系),done使……被做?\x(賓語與賓補為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系)))3.動詞leave，keep，find，catch后加非謂語動詞作復(fù)合賓語的情況(1)leaveeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth,讓某人/物一直,處于某種狀態(tài))?\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(賓語與賓補之間是,邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，,表示動作正在進行)),\a\vs4\al\co1(sthundone,留下某事未做)?\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(賓語與賓補之間是,邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，,表示被動和完成，,賓補一般多為undone，,unfinished，unsettled，,untouched，etc.)),\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbtodosth讓某人去做某事,sthtobedone留下某事要做))?\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(動詞不定,式表示將,來的動作))))(2)keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth讓某人/物一直做某事,\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdone使某人/物被……)?\x(表示被動且完成，或表示狀態(tài))))(3)findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoing發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做……,sb/sthdone\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物,已經(jīng)……)),sb/sthtobe...\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物……))))?eq\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(表示,完成,或狀態(tài)))(4)(4)with+賓語+eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容詞/副詞,介詞短語表方式或伴隨狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在分詞表主動,過去分詞表被動,不定式表將來))BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica，DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.從非洲醫(yī)療服務(wù)兩年回來后，李醫(yī)生十分高興地看到家里的母親得到了很好的照顧。Hehadthelightburningallnight，whichmadehisparentsveryangry.他讓燈著了整晚，這使他父母很生氣。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.我不容許你和你父親那樣講話。Shegotherbikerunningveryfast.她把自行車騎得飛快。Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望著天空。Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了發(fā)，他看起來年輕多了。單句語法填空1.Theman_______(stand)therewithabookinhishandismyEnglishteacher.2._______(conduct)hisexperimentonastormydayin1752,Franklinprovedlightningwasreallyjustelectricity.3._______(deliver)thepackagetothecustomer,thedeliverymanstoppedtohavelunch.4.Iwilldownloadtheapplicationandgetit_______(run).5.Amyrosetoherfeet,withtearsofsheerjoy_______(stream)downhercheeks.6._______(go)backtoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.7.TodayI’vebeenphotographingacrocodile_______(swim)closetoourboat.8.Thenationalparkhasalotofwildlife,_______(range)fromtigerstoelephants.9.Thevolunteergroupwasquicklyreducedinsizeneartheendofthetask,_______(appear)entirelywithinacoupleofmonths.10.Youcansoonfeelthedetermination—aqualityBeethovenunderstoodwellbecauseofhishearingdifficulties—_______(course)throughthemusic.11._______(inspire)byreallife,theauthorwroteabookcalledGuidelinesandTipsforResidents’Behavior.12.Dressedinherfineclothes,theadorablegirlsuccessfullymadeherself_______(notice)intheparty.13.Heworkedaroundtheclockandgothiswork_______(plete)aheadoftime.14._______bygreenrollinghillsandbeautifullakes,theislandlooksamazing.(surround)15.Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewords_______(speak)byhisteacherthatmanypeopleindevelopingAfricancountriescouldn’tgetenoughcleanwater.16.Tofigureoutiflightingwasaformofelectricity,Franklinraisedakiteonastormydaywithametalkey_______(attach)toit.17.MedogCounty,_______(hide)deepintheHimalayas,islocatedinthesoutheastofTibet.18.Thepoorladyhadhermoney_______(steal)onthebuswheninghome.19.Thatallchangedin1988whenhiswifeGretefounda_______(forget)journalathome.20.Peoplehavegivenanew3Dprintedshelltoaturtle_______(injure)inaforestfire.21.Wewillhaveapicnicinthepark,weather_______(permit).22.Thesournessofamomentearlierwasgone,awarmthandgratitude_______(replace)it.23.Weather_______(permit),weplantoorganizeapicnicintheparkthisweekend.24.ButBeethovencontinuedconducting,hishead_______(bury)inthescore.25.Withallthewalls_______(paint)withbrightcolors,theroomlooksratherlively.26.Withmorenaturalresources_______(run)out,thecarefortheenvironmentisbeingmoreandmoreimportant.27.Thesalesgirlrushedintotheroom,onlytofindthecasewiththeletterinit_______(force)open.28.Thepeacefullandscapeisatruefeastfortheeyes,withitsrollinggreenhills_______(dot)withsheepandcattle.29.Icouldn’tgotoseethefilm,withalotofwork_______(do).30.Themeetingroomisquite_______,withalotofpeople_______init.31.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’children_______(account)foraneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.32.Withnight_______(approach),theboyfeltfrightenedinthewoods.33.Thisitemistheperfectexampleof_______(bine)artandscience.34.Newwords_______(explain),thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.35.Iusuallyhavefastfood_______(deliver)tomyoffice.36.Programmes,_______(design)tojointheoldandtheyoungtogether,aregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.37.Nowadays,consumersprefertoshoponlineandhavetheirgoods_______(deliver)totheirdoor.38.When_______(plete),thetaskwouldbemadepublic.39.TheInternetkeepsus_______(inform)ofthelatestnewsandalsoprovidesentertainmentforusathome.40.Themoney_______(donate)totheProjectHopeisusedtohelpthechildreninpoorareas.41.Herefusedtoaccept_______(donate)moneyanddecidedtomakemoneybyhimself.42.Ithinkthedictionary_______(publish)thisyearisworthyofbeingbought.43.I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy_______(conduct)inAustraliain2020.44.Thefishermanreturnedfromthesea,hisboat_______(fill)withplentyoffish.45._______(intend)toenrichstudents’schoollife,ourprogramfeaturesthefunofEnglish.46.Hewasstandingtherecuriously，withhiseyes_______(focus)ontheexperiment.47.Theprofessor_______(invite)togivealectureabouttraditionalChinesecultureisfromPekingUniversity.48.Hefoundtwopots,each_______(wrap)innewspaper.49.Graffitiiswritings,drawingsormarks_______(make)onwallsinpublicplaces.50._______(judge)tobethebestplayer,hewasawardedagoldmedal.語篇語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Passage1LastOctoberIlefttheUKbehindandjoinedGillottsSchoolontheirrugbyandhockeytourinsunnyItaly.ItwasmyfirsttimeawayonasportstourandIcouldnothaveenjoyedit1(much)!Fivedaysofsports,betweentrainingandmatcheswithItalianplayers,butalsoplenty2timeforsightseeingandfreemomentstoenjoyanicecreaminthesun.3ourflighthadlandedinMilan,wegotonourcoachanddroveforacoupleofhourstowardsourhomefortheweek,theHotelSanZeno,a4(fort),familyrunacmodation,withasplendidviewofLakeGarda.Startingthedaywithaselfledtraining,enjoyingaboattouronthelake,wanderingalongthestreetsofSirmioneforafewhoursandheadingoff5(play)asport—thesearejustafew6(example)ofthekindofadventuresyoucouldbehaving!Thegirlsandboysonthistourseemedtoenjoy7(they)thoroughly,especiallyafterwinningALLoftheirgames!Ifoundmyself8(cheer)themonlikeaproudauntandcelebratingafterwardswithfood,drinkandsocialtime,hostedbyrugbyclubsaftermatches.Onthelastdayweheadedbackto9airport,butnotbeforestoppinginMilan!We10(pay)avisittotheSanSiromuseumandenjoyedastadiumtourbeforemovingontoMilancitycentreforanafternoonofshopping.Passage2China’sspaceexplorationhasbeenhelpingunlockadeeperunderstandingoftheuniverse,fromEarthtothemoon;fromMars11theinfiniteuniverse.WangYapinghasbeethefirstChinesewoman12(perform)aspacewalk.Wang’sdreamofbeing13astronautwasinspiredbyYangLiwei’s2003spaceflight.In1997,Wangwasencouragedtoregisterforthepilotrecruitment(征募)programbyherclassmates.Thankstoher14(strong)andabilitytostaycalmunderpressure,Wangpassedallthetests.Wangrealizedherspacedreamin2013aspartoftheShenzhou10mission.Duringhermission,she15(teach)China’sfirstlivephysicslessonfromspace.In2020,ateamofChineseuniversitystudents16(specialize)inaerospace,art,architecture17musictranslatedcosmic(宇宙的)raysintomusic,someof18saidtheyhadwatchedWang’slivespacelecturewhentheywereteenagers.Sofar,China19(make)remarkableachievementsinpursuitoftheaerospacedreamandwillmakesteadierstepsin20(it)futurespaceexploration.Passage3RitchAddisonwasashykid.Inelementaryschool,hedidn’tspeakupforhimself,andheworriedalot.Butoncehewenttohighschool,hemadeuphismind21(develop)asenseofhumortomakemorefriends.Hisnewapproachworkedandhe22(start)tobeeknownforhisjokes—likethetimehemadefun23aclassmate’spoorscoreonamathtest.“ItturnedoutthatIhadgottenahundredonthetestandhedidn’tdosowell,”Addisonrecalled.“AndIjokedheartlesslyaboutit.”Thenoneday,hisgoodfriend,Holly,pulledhimasideandsaid,“Ritch,sometimesyoureallyhurt24(people)feeling.”Addison25(shock).Hehadalwaysseenhimselfastheonewhomadehisfriendslaugh.Hecouldn’timaginethathemightbehurtingthem.“ButIkeptthinkingaboutwhatHollysaid.Finally,Irealizedthatshewas26(absolute)right.Istartedpayingattentionto27otherpeoplewasreactingtomyhumor,”hesaid.Itcouldn’thappenovernight,28.“Overtheyears,Iworkedon29(be)morepassionate(同理心的)towardthepeoplearoundmesinceIwantedtohave30differentkindofrelationshipwiththem,”hesaid.Passage431themostprosperousandpowerfuldynastyinthehistoryofChina’sfeudal(封建的)society,theTangEmpire(618907)wassofamousintheworldthatforeignerscalltheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”,theareas32theylive“Chinatowns”andtheclothestheywear“Tangzhuang”(Tangsuit).33

(refer)toas“Tangzhuang”,theTangsuithastwovarietiesinChineseculture.OneistheauthenticTangeraclothesevolvingfromhanfu,34(give)afree,easyandelegantimpression;35otheristheManchumale’sjacketdevelopingfrommaguaoftheQingDynasty.AtypicaldesignofaTangsuitemploystheChinesecharacters,suchasFu(literallymeaninghappinessinChinese)andShou(literallymeaninglongevityinChinese)36(express)goodfortuneandbestwishes,whichare37(extrem