浙江省金華十校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末調(diào)研考試英語試題

金華十校2023—2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末調(diào)研考試高二英語試題卷本試卷分為第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)，共150分，考試時間120分鐘。請考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題的答案涂寫在答題紙上。第I卷(選擇題共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whyisthewomanmakingthechair?A.Tosellitformoney. B.Togiveitasagift. C.Topractiseherskills.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:HavealookatthispieceofwoodI’mworkingon.M:That’snotapieceofwood,that’sachairtositon.It’spretty.Areyousellingit?W:No,I’vebeenshapingitoverthepastfewdays.It’sapresentforyou.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwastheman’sbestrecordbeforetoday?A.12.13seconds. B.12.23seconds. C.12.35seconds.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Yes,I’vejustrunmyquickest100metersthisyear,12.23seconds.W:Wow,thatisfast.Itbeatsyourpreviousbestof12.35.Maybeonedayyoucanbeattheschoolrecordof12.13.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.GetsomeEuros. B.Waitforhervisa. C.Printoutherboardingpass.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:AreyouallreadyforyourtriptoEurope?W:Yes,I’vegotmypassportandmyVisa.I’veevenprintedoutmyplaneboardingpass.AllIneedtoorganizenowisenoughEurostolastmeforthefirstfewdays.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Anxious. B.Confident. C.Calm.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:DoyouworryaboutclimatechangeasmuchasIdo?M:Idid.ButnowIfeelabitcalmer.Istartedreadingaboutthescientist’sworkontheproblem.I’mconfidentthatwe’llfindasolutioneventually.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atthewoman’shome. B.Atarestaurant. C.Atschool.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thelastquestionbeforeyougohome,telluswhyyoushouldgetthejob.M:I’mhardworkingandI’maquicklearner.Plus,sincestartingmynewcourseatschool,I’vehadotherparttimejobsinfastfoodrestaurantslikethis,soIhaveexperience.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhereisCarolegoingtoday?A.Tothelibrary. B.Totheoffice. C.Toabookshop.7.WhatdidCarolereceiveearlier?A.Aletter. B.Abook. C.Alibrarynotice.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:HiCarol,you’reoutearly.AreyougoingtoworkonaSaturday?W:No,I’mgoingtocentralbookstore.They’rehavingahalfpricebooksaletoday.M:Oh,thatsoundsgood.Howdidyougetthenotice?W:Thebookshopsentmealetteraboutit.M:Well,whatareyouhopingtobuy?W:TheGoldfinchbyDonnaTart.I’veheardit’sgood.M:Itis.Iborroweditfromthelibraryawhileago.W:IsupposeIcoulddothat,butIdon’tknowwhy.Ijustliketoownabook.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whattypeofperformanceisthemangoingtosee?A.Anopera. B.Aballet. C.Aconcert.9.Whydidthemanbuytheticketsforhismother?A.AsaMother’sDaygift. B.AsaChristmasgift. C.Asabirthdaygift.【答案】8.B9.C【解析】【原文】W:HiJake,youlookveryfancy.Whereareyouoffto?M:I’mmeetingmymotherattheroyaloperahouse.W:Cool.Areyougoingtoseeaconcert?M:Aballet?Actually,mymomhasalwayswantedtoseeswanlake,soIboughttheticketsforherbirthday.W:Howlovely.HerbirthdayisinDecember,right?M:Yeah,justbeforeChristmas.W:Iguessshe’sexcited.M:Shehastalkedofnothingelseforweeks.W:Youknow,you’veactuallygivenmeanidea.Iguessmymomwouldliketicketstoseeaplayformother’sday.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Wheretofindtheircat.B.WhytheInternetisn’tworking.C.Howtocontactthetelephonepany.11.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister. B.Fatheranddaughter. C.Teacherandstudent.12.Whathashappened?A.Thetelephonepanyisbeingslow.B.ThecatturnedofftheInternet.C.TheWiFiboxisbroken.【答案】10.B11.A12.B【解析】【原文】W:Ohgreat,theWiFiisn’tworkingagain.Myonlineclasshasstopped.M:Letmecheck.Yes,samehere.That’sthethirdtimeithascutouttoday.W:Isitthetelephonepanybeingslowordoyouthinkit’sadifferentproblem?M:I’mnotsure.WhenIphonedthemonTuesdaytheysaidtherewasn’taproblemwithourInternetline.W:Shouldwegoaskdadforhelp?M:Letmecheckthewifiboxfirst.Hmm,that’sstrange.It’sturnedoff.W:Howcouldthathappen?ThelasttimeIlooked,thecatwasasleepnexttoitanditwasturnedon.M:Holdon,didyousaythecatwasnexttoit?W:Yes,hewassleeping.And,oh,doyouthinkhedidit?M:Yeah,Ithinkso.Hemusthaveturneditoffbymistake.W:Naughtycat.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Howmuchdoesthemanplantospendonhousing?A.$10,000. B.$5000. C.$2500.14.Whyisthemanmoving?A.Tobeclosertohisoffice.B.Toliveinabetterneighborhood.C.Tohavemorespaceforhisfamily.15.Whereistheapartmentprobably?A.Inabeacharea. B.Inadowntownarea. C.Inaruralarea.16.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Showthemananotherapartment.B.Helpthemanselltheapartment.C.Discusswiththemanonprice.【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:There’senoughspaceforafamilyofsix.YoucanalsohaveviewsovertheHudsonriver,whichflowstoAtlanticocean.M:It’sgreat,butI’mjustmovingintoanapartmentwithmywife.Wewon’tneedthismuchspace.W:Isee,butlifeisalwayschanging.Plus,imaginehostingguestsordinnerpartieshere.M:I’mworriedthatit’smorethanIcanafford.What’sthecostpermonth?W:It’llbe5000dollarspermonth.M:Myupperlimitforhousingishalfofthatprice.I’msorry.Ican’taffordit.W:Noworriessir,ifyoulikethisarea,wecanseesomecheaperapartments.M:Great,thanks.IwanttomovetothedowntownareaaroundheresothatI’mclosertowork.Mycurrenthouseisquitefaroutofthecity.W:Iunderstand.Ihaveanapartmentinanotherneighborhood.Itdoesn’thavethisview,butI’msureyou’lllikeit.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.WhofirstnoticedHeHui’stalent?A.Herparents. B.Herneighbor. C.Herteacher.18.WhatdidHeHuidoaftergraduationatfirst?A.Teachinauniversity.B.Performoninternationalstages.C.Receivetrainingfromaclassicalmusician.19.WhichoperaisHeHuimostfamousfor?A.Tosca. B.MadamaButterfly. C.Aida.20.WheredoesHeHuilivetoday?A.InAnkang. B.InXi’an. C.InVerona.【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】W:ItwasnotHehui’splantobeeoneoftheworld’smostsuccessfuloperasingers.ShewasborninAnkungasadaughterofateacherandadoctor.Afterherhighschoolmathteacherheardherpractisingatraditionalsongforaschoolplay,herlifewaschanged.Amazedbyhervoice,hermathteacherintroducedhertohisneighbour,animportantclassicalmusician.Hertalentmadethemusiciandecidetotrainher,eventhoughshehadneverlistenedtooperabefore.Onlyamonthlater,Hehuiwasacceptedtoauniversity,whichmainlyteachesmusic.Andsheremainedattheschoolasasingingteacheraftergraduation.Hehuiisfamousforherstrongmovingperformances.Aidaistheoperasheisbestknownfor.PeoplesayHehuiisoneofthemostpopularAidaofourtime,thebestbutterflyyoucouldwishforinMadamaButterfly.AndherwonderfulperformanceinToscawasalsoahugesuccess.AlthoughHehuiperformslargelyinEuropeandlivesinYerona,shestillreturnstoChinaforconcertsandoperas,andshevisitsherparentsinXi’anregularly.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AApril27bringsIndependentBookstoreDay,thebiggestbookstorecelebrationoftheyearwhenbookstoresaroundthecountryhosteventsandofferdiscounts.Here’saselectionofbookstoreswelovewritingabout.BooksonMainBooksonMainfeelslikeyou’rereadinginsideatreehouseinaWisconsinforest.ItopenedinJune2023.Localresidentshaveawelingplacedecoratedwithwood,leavesandfortablefurnituretogatheranddiscovernewandbelovedbooks.OfftheBeatenPathBookstoreFirstopenedmorethan30yearsago,OfftheBeatenPathhasbeenthroughthreesetsofownersandthreelocations.CurrentownersMikeandDanielleSkovsayonethinghasneverchanged:Themitmenttobeingawelingandinclusivespace.Theypartnerwithlocalschools,librariesandnonprofitstoreachasmuchofthemunityaspossible.ChangingHandsBookstoreToopopulartobecalledahiddengem(寶石)thisArizonajewelrecentlycelebratedits50thanniversary.Itfirstopenedina500squarefootspacein1974.Ithostsauthorevents,poetrydiscussiongroupsandoffersaTradeCounterwherecustomerscanbringingentlyusedbooksforstorecredit.TheLastChapterBookShopTheLastChapterisanallromancebookstoreinChicagothatopenedin2023.ThestorehostsauthoreventsalongwithmunitymixerslikeBlindDatewithaBook,whereyouwraponeofyourfavoritebooksandswapitwithafellowbookworminhopesoffindinganewfavoriteandanewfriend.21.Whichbookstorehasthelongesthistory?A.BooksonMain: B.TheLastChapterBookShop.C.ChangingHandsBookstore. D.OfftheBeatenPathBookstore.22.WhatsetsOfftheBeatenPathBookstoreapartfromotherbookstores?A.Itworkswithlocalschools. B.Itremainsinthesameplace.C.Itcollectsgentlyusedbooks D.Itcreatesawelingatmosphere.23.WhatcanpeopledoatBlindDatewithaBook?A.Receivewrappedgifts. B.municatewithauthors.C.Buytheirfavoritebooks. D.Exchangebookswithbooklovers.【答案】21.C22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。介紹了“獨立書店日”這一活動，并特別推薦了幾家具有特色的書店，包括它們的背景、特點、活動等信息。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BooksonMain下的“ItopenedinJune2023.(它于2023年6月開業(yè))”，OfftheBeatenPathBookstore下的“Firstopenedmorethan30yearsago,OfftheBeatenPathhasbeenthroughthreesetsofownersandthreelocations.(Offthe人跡罕至的小路(OfftheBeatenPath)于30多年前開業(yè)，至今已經(jīng)歷了三組業(yè)主和三個地點)”，ChangingHandsBookstore下的“Itfirstopenedina500squarefootspacein1974.(1974年，它在一個500平方英尺的空間里首次開業(yè))”以及TheLastChapterBookShop下的“TheLastChapterisanallromancebookstoreinChicagothatopenedin2023.(TheLastChapter是一家位于芝加哥的浪漫書店，于2023年開業(yè))”可知，ChangingHandsBookstore.于1974年開業(yè)，歷史最悠久。故選C項。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)OfftheBeatenPathBookstore下的“Theypartnerwithlocalschools,librariesandnonprofitstoreachasmuchofthemunityaspossible.(他們與當?shù)貙W(xué)校、圖書館和非營利組織合作，盡可能多地接觸社區(qū))”可知，OfftheBeatenPathBookstore的特別之處是它與當?shù)貙W(xué)校合作。故選A項?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheLastChapterBookShop下的“ThestorehostsauthoreventsalongwithmunitymixerslikeBlindDatewithaBook,whereyouwraponeofyourfavoritebooksandswapitwithafellowbookworminhopesoffindinganewfavoriteandanewfriend.(書店會舉辦作家活動，同時還會舉辦一些社區(qū)活動，比如“書之相親”(BlindDatewithaBook)。在這里，你可以把自己最喜歡的一本書包起來，與其他書迷交換，希望能找到自己的新歡和新朋友)”可知，在BlindDatewithaBook上人們可以與愛讀書的人交換書籍。故選D項。BJasmineisonmyZoomscreen.Sheispullingherhair.Asshestartstalking,therateofthepullingincreases.“MyexamisonFriday,”shetellsme,“WhatifIgetaquestionIcan’tanswer?WhatifIdon’tgetagoodgrade?”Jasmineisjustoneofthestudentssufferingfromtestanxiety.Theword“anxiety”originatesfromLatin,meaningnarrowing.The“narrowing”describeswhat’shappeninginJasmine’snervoussystem.Basically,thesympathetic(交感神經(jīng))branch—fightorflight—hasswitchedon,andhermuscleshavenarrowedasifshe’spreparingtodobattleorrunaway.monlyknownthe“restanddigest”branch,theparasympathetic(副交感神經(jīng))nervoussystemplaysanimportantroleinthinkingandlearningbypromotingastateofrelaxationandcalmness.Whentheparasympatheticnervoussystemisstirredup,itreducesstressandanxiety,improvingfocusandconcentration.Therearethreesimpletoolsforengagingtheparasympatheticbranch:breathing,grounding,andsensing.Breathingmeansasteadyflowofbreath;groundingmeansfeelingthechairandthefloorsupportingyou;andsensingmeansturningononeormoreofthefivesenses.Inmorethan40yearsofcoachingtesttakers,Ihaveobservedhowoftentheyholdtheirbreath,hownervousandungroundedtheyare,andhowunawaretheyareoffeelingthetouchofclothesontheirownbodies.Nowonderpeopleareexhaustedbytheendofalongtest!Whentheyusethethreecalmingtools,theycreatethestatenecessaryforsittingstill,thinking,remembering,reasoning,and,finally,answeringquestions.Weallfacecountlesstestsineverydaylife.Unexpected,unwantedthingshappentoeveryone.Wouldn’titbeawholelotbetterifwefacedthetestsbybeingcalm?Incaseyou’rewondering,theansweris“Yes!”Buttherealquestionis:Insteadofforcingstudentstoprogressthroughendlessparisonandpetition,whydon’tweteachthemhowtostaycalm?24.WhydoestheauthormentionJasmineinthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowstudents’hardlife. B.Tointroduceaproblemstudentsface.C.Toparedifferentattitudestowardstests. D.Toanalysestudents’behaviorsduringvideocalls.25.Whatchangewouldtheengagementoftheparasympatheticnervoussystembring?A.Improvedattention. B.Worsenedanxiety.C.Tightenedmuscles. D.Quickenedresponse.26.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthatthewriterthinksitimportant.A.totakesometeststomakeprogressB.toattachimportancetoparisonandpetitionC.tolearntoavoidunexpectedandunwantedthingsinlifeD.topreparestudentswiththewaystokeepcalmduringtests27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whatdostudentsfaceintests? B.Howtodealwithtestanxiety?C.Howtoengagethenervoussystem? D.Whatistheoriginoftheword“anxiety”?【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了學(xué)生面臨考試焦慮的問題以及應(yīng)對方法?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是如何應(yīng)對考試焦慮?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“JasmineisonmyZoomscreen.Sheispullingherhair.Asshestartstalking,therateofthepullingincreases.“MyexamisonFriday,”shetellsme,“WhatifIgetaquestionIcan’tanswer?WhatifIdon’tgetagoodgrade?”(賈斯敏在我的Zoom屏幕上。她在拉著他的頭發(fā)。當她開始說話時，拉扯的速度增加了?！拔业目荚囀窃谥芪?，”她告訴我，“如果我遇到一道答不上來的題怎么辦？如果我沒有取得好成績怎么辦？”)”以及第二段“Jasmineisjustoneofthestudentssufferingfromtestanxiety.(賈思敏只是遭受考試焦慮的學(xué)生之一)”可知，作者在第一段提到Jasmine是為了介紹學(xué)生面臨的問題。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Whentheparasympatheticnervoussystemisstirredup,itreducesstressandanxiety,improvingfocusandconcentration.(當副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)被激發(fā)時，它會減少壓力和焦慮，提高注意力和集中力)”可知，副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的參與會提高注意力。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wouldn’titbeawholelotbetterifwefacedthetestsbybeingcalm?Incaseyou’rewondering,theansweris“Yes!” Buttherealquestionis:Insteadofforcingstudentstoprogressthroughendlessparisonandpetition,whydon’tweteachthemhowtostaycalm?(如果我們冷靜地面對考驗，不是會好得多嗎？如果你想知道，答案是“是的！”真正的問題是:與其強迫學(xué)生通過無休止的比較和競爭來進步，我們?yōu)槭裁床唤趟麄內(nèi)绾伪３掷潇o呢?)”可知，作者認為讓學(xué)生在考試中保持冷靜的方法是很重要的。故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Weallfacecountlesstestsineverydaylife.Unexpected,unwantedthingshappentoeveryone.Wouldn’titbeawholelotbetterifwefacedthetestsbybeingcalm?Incaseyou’rewondering,theansweris“Yes!”Buttherealquestionis:Insteadofforcingstudentstoprogressthroughendlessparisonandpetition,whydon’tweteachthemhowtostaycalm?(我們在日常生活中都面臨著無數(shù)的考驗。每個人都會遇到意想不到的、不想要的事情。如果我們冷靜地面對考驗，不是會好得多嗎?如果你想知道，答案是“是的!”但真正的問題是：與其強迫學(xué)生通過無休止的比較和競爭來進步，我們?yōu)槭裁床唤趟麄內(nèi)绾伪３掷潇o呢？)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了學(xué)生面臨考試焦慮的問題以及應(yīng)對方法?？芍?，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是如何應(yīng)對考試焦慮。故選B。C“BigTree,”anoldsouthernliveoak,sitsinaparkjustoutsideOrlando’sbusinessdistrict.It’sbeenstruckbylightningatleastthreetimesandhassurvivedmanyhurricanes—anditgrewfromaseedaroundthesametimeJuanPoncedeLeón’sshipfirstlandedonFlorida’seasterncoast.Over400yearsold,thetreeissoimpressivethatmembersofaMichiganbasednonprofitflewtoOrlandoinFebruarytoclimbthetreeandcutbranchesandleaves.Theresearchersarenowinthemidstoftheprocesstogrownewrootsfromthecuttings.Thereason:Toclonethehistorictree,storeitsDNAandplantpotentiallythousandsofclonedtreesacrosstheSoutheast.Inordertocloneanancienttree,researchersmustclimbittofindapieceoflivetissue.Thefreshlycutbranchesandleavesaretakentothegroup’slabinMichigan,where,inclimatecontrolledrooms,researchersworktopromotegrowthfromthecuttings.Themostmonmethodisbyrootedcuttings.Inthismethod,atipofatree’sbranchisdipped(蘸)intohormones,placedintoafoamplug(泡沫塞)andsetinsideamistroom.Then,thewaitingbegins.Asignoflifecantakeseveralmonthstoayeartoshow,ifoneesatall.Inanothermethodcalledtissueculture,researcherstakeaquarterinchofbranch,dipitintoamixturemadeupofadozenhormonesandotherchemicals,seal(密封)itinacontainerandwaittoseewhetheritwillgrowroots.Experts‘laudedthegroupforitscreativemethodsandreproductioninlargenumbers,buttheydoubtwhetherthecloneswillgrowastheoriginalsdo.ScottMerkle,aprofessorofforestbiologyattheUniversityofGeorgia,said,“Therearesomanyvariablesthatthere’snocertaintythattheywillbeabletosurviveandperformbetterthanothertreesthatyouplantonthesameland”.Headdedthattheageofhistorictreesmakesthemdifficulttostudy.“Ithinkit’sagreatthingthatthey’redoing…Ijustdon’tknowhowrealisticitis.”28.Accordingtothepassage,whatdotheresearchersaimtodo?A.Tocloneanancienttreefromitsoriginal.B.TosavethousandsoftreesacrosstheSoutheast.C.Toanalysetheeffectsofclimateontreegrowth.D.Tostudythereasonforthesurvivalof“BigTree”.29.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwomethodsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Tissuecultureisthemostfrequentlyusedmethod.B.Thereisachancethatthebranchwillfailtogrowroots.C.Inthefirstmethodthelivetissueissealedinacontainer.D.Amixtureofhormonesandotherchemicalsisneededinbothmethods.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)auded”inparagraph5mean?A.Joined. B.Charged. C.Praised. D.Contacted.31.What’sScottMerkle’sattitudetothegroup’swork?A.Cautious. B.Critical. C.Approving. D.Unclear.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。坐落在奧蘭多商業(yè)區(qū)外的一個公園里的一棵古老的南方橡樹已有400多年的歷史，目前，研究人員在樹上剪下樹枝和樹葉，將其帶到該團隊位于密歇根州的實驗室，目的是克隆這棵歷史悠久的樹，儲存它的DNA?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theresearchersarenowinthemidstoftheprocesstogrownewrootsfromthecuttings.Thereason:Toclonethehistorictree,storeitsDNAandplantpotentiallythousandsofclonedtreesacrosstheSoutheast.(研究人員目前正在從插枝上培育新根。原因是：為了克隆這棵歷史悠久的樹，儲存它的DNA，并在東南部種植數(shù)千棵克隆樹)”可知，研究人員的目的是從原樹中克隆一棵古樹。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Themostmonmethodisbyrootedcuttings.Inthismethod,atipofatree’sbranchisdipped( 蘸)intohormones,placedintoafoamplug( 泡沫塞)andsetinsideamistroom.Then,thewaitingbegins.Asignoflifecantakeseveralmonthstoayeartoshow,ifoneesatall.Inanothermethodcalledtissueculture,researcherstakeaquarterinchofbranch,dipitintoamixturemadeupofadozenhormonesandotherchemicals,seal(密封)itinacontainerandwaittoseewhetheritwillgrowroots.(最常見的方法是生根扦插。在這種方法中，將樹枝的尖端浸入激素中，放入泡沫塞中，并放置在霧室中。然后，等待就開始了。如果有的話，生命跡象可能需要幾個月到一年的時間才會顯現(xiàn)。在另一種稱為組織培養(yǎng)的方法中，研究人員取四分之一英寸長的樹枝，將其浸入由十幾種激素和其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)組成的混合物中，將其密封在容器中，然后等待看它是否會生根。)”可知，在描述這兩種方法時，作者用了“ifoneesatall(如果有的話)”和“whetheritwillgrowroots(是否會生根)”等字眼，由此可推知，這兩種方法都有可能導(dǎo)致樹枝無法生根。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子“Experts‘laudedthegroupforitscreativemethodsandreproductioninlargenumbers,buttheydoubtwhetherthecloneswillgrowastheoriginalsdo.(專家們對該組織的創(chuàng)新方法和大量繁殖表示lauded，但他們懷疑克隆體是否會像原代植物那樣生長。)”中的but可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，雖然專家們對克隆體是否會像原代植物那樣生長表示懷疑，但是他們對該組織的創(chuàng)新方法和大量繁殖表示稱贊，劃線單詞表示“稱贊”，與C項“Praised.(贊美)”意思相近，故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段ScottMerkle所說的話“Headdedthattheageofhistorictreesmakesthemdifficulttostudy.“Ithinkit’sagreatthingthatthey’redoing…Ijustdon’tknowhowrealisticitis.”(他補充說，古樹的年齡使得研究它們變得困難?！拔艺J為他們正在做的事情很棒……我只是不知道這有多現(xiàn)實。”)”可知，ScottMerkle對這一團隊的工作表示贊美，同時他也表示了自己的擔(dān)憂，由此可推知，他的態(tài)度是謹慎的，故選A。DFreeridingmeanspeoplecanbenefitfromaservicewithoutpayinganything.Italsoarisesifpeoplecangetbenefitwithoutmakingequalcontributions.Soafreerideralwaysenjoysthebenefitsofaresourceorservicewhilelettingsomeoneelsedotheworkordomorework.Thereareseveraleffectsofthefreeriderproblem.ThefirstistheTragedy(悲劇)ofthemons,asituationinwhichindividualswithaccesstoapublicresourceactintheirowninterestand,indoingso,finallyuseuptheresource.Forexample,imaginethatagroupofpeopleshareapieceoflandwheretheyallgraze(讓……吃草)theircattle.Ifeachpersonjusttriestomaximizetheirownshorttermgain,theywilllettheircattlegrazeasmuchaspossible.However,ifeveryonedoesthis,thelandwillquicklybeeovergrazedandwillnotbeabletosupportanycattle.Anothereffectisthatthefreeriderproblemcanleadtoasituationinwhichpeopledonothaveaccesstoimportantgoodsandservices.Thisisbecauseprovidersmaynotbeabletogetbackthecostsofprovidingthegoodsorservicesiftoomanypeoplefreeride.Imaginethatacitydecidestobuildanewhospitalthroughdonations.Iftoomanypeoplerelyonotherstodonate,ratherthandonatethemselves,thenthehospitalmaynotbebuiltatall.Thismeansthatpeoplewhoneedmedicalcareintheareamaynothaveaccesstoit.Thereareseveralsolutionstothefreeriderproblem.Governmentaddressestheproblembycollectingtaxdollarstosupportpublicservices.Theoretically,taxesarerelatedtoine,sofaircostsharingcanbeachieved.munitiescanturntheirpublicresourceintoaprivateorclubresource,chargingfeestomakesureeveryonewhousesitcontributestoit.Thiswilllimitoveruseand,overtime,mayevenleadtoaltruistic(利他的)behavior.Thatis,manypeoplemayliketheideaofmakingasmallcontributiontoaresourcethattheyuse.32.Whichofthefollowingmaybestshowthenatureoffreeriding?A.Lessismore. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.LetGeorgedoit. D.Jackofalltradesandmasterofnone.33.Whatisoneoftheeffectsproducedbythefreeriderproblem?A.Peopletendtomaximizetheirlongtermgain.B.Agroupofpeoplehavetosharegoodsandservices.C.Individualsoveruseasharedresourceforpersonalgain.D.Thecostsofprovidingthegoodsandservicesarerising.34.Howisparagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byreferringtoastudy. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Bymakingaparison. D.Byexplainingadefinition.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Todrawpeople’sattentiontopublicservices.B.Tostresstheimportanceofmakingdonations.C.Toinformthereadersofthefreeriderproblem.D.Tocallonthegovernmenttosolvethefreeriderproblem.【答案】32.C33.C34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章客觀地解釋了“搭便車”現(xiàn)象的概念、所帶來的影響以及提出的一些解決措施?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Freeridingmeanspeoplecanbenefitfromaservicewithoutpayinganything.Italsoarisesifpeoplecangetbenefitwithoutmakingequalcontributions.Soafreerideralwaysenjoysthebenefitsofaresourceorservicewhilelettingsomeoneelsedotheworkordomorework.(搭便車意味著人們無需支付任何費用就可以從一項服務(wù)中獲益。如果人們不做出同等的貢獻就能獲得利益，也會出現(xiàn)這種情況。所以搭便車者總是享受某種資源或服務(wù)的好處，而讓別人做這些工作或做更多的工作)”可知，選項C“LetGeorgedoit.(讓喬治來做吧。)”最能體現(xiàn)搭便車的本質(zhì)，意味著讓別人去做事，而自己享受成果，符合搭便車者不付出成本卻享受利益的行為特點。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Thereareseveraleffectsofthefreeriderproblem.ThefirstistheTragedy(悲劇)ofthemons,asituationinwhichindividualswithaccesstoapublicresourceactintheirowninterestand,indoingso,finallyuseuptheresource.(搭便車問題有幾個影響。第一種是“公共地悲劇”，在這種情況下，擁有公共資源的個人為了自己的利益而行動，最終耗盡了資源)”可知，搭便車問題產(chǎn)生的影響之一是共享資源因個人追求私利而被過度使用。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Anothereffectisthatthefreeriderproblemcanleadtoasituationinwhichpeopledonothaveaccesstoimportantgoodsandservices.Thisisbecauseprovidersmaynotbeabletogetbackthecostsofprovidingthegoodsorservicesiftoomanypeoplefreeride.Imaginethatacitydecidestobuildanewhospitalthroughdonations.Iftoomanypeoplerelyonotherstodonate,ratherthandonatethemselves,thenthehospitalmaynotbebuiltatall.Thismeansthatpeoplewhoneedmedicalcareintheareamaynothaveaccesstoit.(另一個影響是搭便車問題可能導(dǎo)致人們無法獲得重要商品和服務(wù)的情況。這是因為如果太多人免費乘車，供應(yīng)商可能無法收回提供商品或服務(wù)的成本。想象一下，一個城市決定通過捐贈建立一所新醫(yī)院。如果太多的人依靠別人來捐贈，而不是自己捐贈，那么醫(yī)院可能根本就建不起來。這意味著該地區(qū)需要醫(yī)療服務(wù)的人可能無法獲得醫(yī)療服務(wù))”可知，第三段通過舉例說明了免費搭車問題的一個影響，即假設(shè)一個城市試圖通過捐贈建立新醫(yī)院的情景來闡述如果太多人期望他人捐款而非自己行動，可能會導(dǎo)致醫(yī)院建不成的結(jié)果。因此，該段落主要通過舉例子展開論述。故選B。【35題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Freeridingmeanspeoplecanbenefitfromaservicewithoutpayinganything.Italsoarisesifpeoplecangetbenefitwithoutmakingequalcontributions.Soafreerideralwaysenjoysthebenefitsofaresourceorservicewhilelettingsomeoneelsedotheworkordomorework.(搭便車意味著人們無需支付任何費用就可以從一項服務(wù)中獲益。如果人們不做出同等的貢獻就能獲得利益，也會出現(xiàn)這種情況。所以搭便車者總是享受某種資源或服務(wù)的好處，而讓別人做這些工作或做更多的工作)”和最后一段中“Thereareseveralsolutionstothefreeriderproblem.(有幾種解決搭便車問題的方法)”可知，文章整體介紹了什么是搭便車問題、它產(chǎn)生的幾個效應(yīng)以及針對這一問題的幾種解決方案。其主要目的是告知讀者搭便車問題的存在及其影響，以及可能的解決辦法。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’snaturaltopareyourselftoothers,andevenenvythem,ifyouhoponyoursocialmediaforafewminutes.Withjustafewclicks,you’refloodedwithvacationphotos,updates,andads.___36___Inthisarticle,we’llteachyouhowtoavoidcertaintriggers(觸發(fā)因素)soyoucanstopparingyourselftoothers.Identifyyourtriggersandavoidthem.Tostopparingyourselftoothers,payattentiontothepeopleoreventsthattriggeryourbehavior.Doyoufeeldissatisfactionwithyourlifeafterlookingathighendgoods?___37___Writedownyourparativethoughtsassoonastheyhappensoyoucanlimityourexposuretothesesituations.Appreciateothersinsteadof.envyingthem.___38___Ifyouhavefriendswhoarehighlyachievingpeople,youmightconsiderthattheirnetworksarefullofpeoplewhomightbeabletohelpyoubeemoresuccessfulinyourlife.Insteadofenvyingtheirsuccess,besupportiveandusetheirsuccesstoyourbenefit.___39___Insteadoffocusingonyour“weaknesses,”reflectontheareasyoucanimprove.Takeclasses,workshops,orlessonstoimproveyourskills,anddon’tbeafraidtoaskotherpeopleforhelpalongtheway.Byputtingyourselffirst,youcanpromoteyourselfconfidenceandfindyourplaceandvalue.Talktoatrustedfriendorfamilymember.Whenyouhabituallypareyourselftoothers,youcanfeelevenmoreinadequateordiscouraged.Discussyourparativebehaviorwithalovedonetoreleaseanynegativebeliefsandhelpyouprocessyouremotions.___40___A.Buildyourselfconfidence.B.Workonimprovingyourab