中考形容詞副詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)

形容詞&副詞學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)一、形容詞1、概念：形容詞表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征，用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞，常作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)2、分類：〔1〕依據(jù)構(gòu)成，可分為簡(jiǎn)潔形容詞〔kind,boring…〕和復(fù)合形容詞〔kind-hearted,hard-working〕〔2〕依據(jù)及所修飾的名詞的關(guān)系，分為限定性形容詞〔aFrenchdish,aChinesetable〕和描繪性形容詞〔adeliciousdish,asmoothtable〕3、形容詞的一般用法〔1〕形容詞+名詞，作定語(yǔ)—agoodgirl〔good作girl的定語(yǔ)〕〔2〕be/系動(dòng)詞+形容詞，作表語(yǔ)—Itisgood./Itsoundsgreat.〔good說(shuō)明it的狀態(tài)和性質(zhì)〕〔3〕表語(yǔ)形容詞，只能位于系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)eg：awake,alone,alive,asleep,afraid,well,ill,frightened〔scared可作定語(yǔ)〕〔4〕動(dòng)詞+形容詞(make/keep…adj.)，作賓補(bǔ)—Robotscanmakehumanslazy.〔humans是賓語(yǔ)，lazy作賓補(bǔ)〕〔5〕數(shù)量+表示長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深、齡等形容詞〔形容詞后置〕eg：twometerslong,tencentimeterswide,twentyfeetdeep,28yearsold.〔6〕the+形容詞，表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)—theold/young/rich/poor.〔7〕形似副詞的形容詞—lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,silly〔8〕以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾物，以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人eg：exciting-excited,boring-bored,interesting-interested,moving-moved,tiring-tired,relaxing-relaxed,frightening-frightened,disappointing-disappointed★★特別的：pleasant令人開(kāi)心的人或物，pleased人感到滿足開(kāi)心的〔9〕一些表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式eg：beglad/happy/pleasedtodosth.besorry/sad/suretodosth.beready/afraid/abletodosth.beeasy/difficulttodosth.〔10〕只能作定語(yǔ)的形容詞eg：little,only,wooden,woolen,elder4、形容詞的位置〔1〕形容詞常放在它所修飾的名詞之前，作定語(yǔ)eg：anhonestboy,manybeautifulflowers…〔2〕多個(gè)形容詞連用——先形態(tài)，后顏色，中間夾新舊，最終是材質(zhì)eg：thisbignewredplasticpen①描繪性形容詞：對(duì)某事物的總體評(píng)價(jià)②形態(tài)(大小,長(zhǎng)短)：oval,square,rectangle,triangle,round…,big,small,long,short③新舊：new(young),old④顏色：red,blue,white,black,purple,pink,yellow,orange,green…⑤材料：woolen,wooden,stone,golden,leather,woolen…描繪性形容詞形態(tài)〔大小，長(zhǎng)短〕新舊顏色材料名詞weaksmalloldmanbeautifullittlewhitestonebridgeprettybig,roundnewredwoodendesknicelongbluewoolensweater〔3〕adj./adv.+enough，enough后置eg：old/tall/quicklyenough〔4〕不定代詞+形容詞，作后置定語(yǔ)—somethingimportant〔5〕表語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在不定代詞的后面，常用的是alive,awake,asleep等eg：Hewastheonlypersonawakeatthatnight./Youarethehappiestchildrenalive.5、形容詞的常見(jiàn)句式〔1〕It’sadj.ofsb.todosth.表示“某人做某事…〞用法：這一句型中，用的是描繪行為者的性格、品質(zhì)的形容詞常見(jiàn)的有：nice-kind-good-polite,clever-foolish-lazy,careful-careless,right-wrong〔2〕It’sadj.forsb.todosth.表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)…〞常用的形容詞有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible考點(diǎn)二、副詞1、概念：副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞及整個(gè)句子的詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等2、副詞的分類〔1〕時(shí)間副詞：now,early,then,soon,before,ago等〔2〕地點(diǎn)副詞：home,here,there,out,above,below,outside,up,down,downstairs等〔3〕程度副詞：very,much,still,almost,quite,so,too等〔4〕疑問(wèn)副詞：how,when,where,why等〔5〕關(guān)系副詞：when,wherewhy〔放在引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句句首〕〔6〕連接副詞：how,where,why,whether等〔引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句〕3、副詞的一般用法〔1〕用作狀語(yǔ)①修飾動(dòng)詞eg：HespeaksEnglishverywell.②修飾形容詞eg：Youhaveaverynicewatch.③修飾其它副詞eg：Youruntoofast./Youdiditprettywell.④修飾整個(gè)句子eg：Luckily,Hepassedtheexamsuccessfully./Suddenly,hefellintoariver.〔2〕用作后置定語(yǔ)eg：Thepeoplehereareveryfriendly./Theweatherabroadisdifferentfromours.〔3〕用作表語(yǔ)，主要限于少數(shù)地點(diǎn)或方位副詞，時(shí)間副詞以及其它副詞〔in,out,on,off,up,down,over,around〕eg：Iamhome./He’llbebackintwominutes.〔4〕用作賓補(bǔ)eg：Isawhimout.4、副詞的位置〔1〕通常放在被修飾的動(dòng)詞后面eg：Hepassedtheexameasily./Wefinishedthistasksuccessfully.〔2〕頻度副詞always,often,sometimes,usually,never,seldom常放在動(dòng)詞之前，be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后eg：Hesometimesgotoschoolonfoot./Iseldomeatoutonschooldays.Heisoftenlateforschool.Shecanalwaysgotoschoolinacar.〔3〕程度副詞放在被修飾的形容詞之前eg：Heisverysadtohearthat./Theboyistooyoung.〔4〕修飾整個(gè)句子的副詞以及perhaps,maybe,first,now,sometimes,finally等常放在句首eg：Perhaps/Maybeyouareright.First,let’sbeginourclasswithasong.Now,letmetellyousomethingimportant.Finally,heappeared.〔5〕adv.+enough，enough后置eg：Ifyouhaveenoughtime,youcangonow.Herunsquicklyenoughtogetthereontime.〔6〕時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般在句尾，地點(diǎn)副詞在時(shí)間副詞前，時(shí)間副詞也可放在句首eg：Theywenthomeyesterday./Yesterdayhewenthome.5、及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)〔后面的物是人稱代詞you,him,her,it,them時(shí)，必需放中間〕away：takeaway,putaway,sendawaydown：takedown,writedown,putdownup：lookup,sendup,putup,dressup,ringup,giveupout：findout,wearout,sellout,tryout,takeouton：puton,tryon,turnonoff：turnoff,takeoff其它的：lookover,lookaround6、幾個(gè)常用副詞的區(qū)分〔1〕howlong/soon/often/far①Howlong問(wèn)時(shí)間和物體的長(zhǎng)短②Howsoon“多久，多塊〞，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用“in+時(shí)間段〞來(lái)答復(fù)③Howoften問(wèn)做某事的頻率，常用“once,twice,threetimes…〞來(lái)答復(fù)④Howfar問(wèn)間隔的長(zhǎng)短〔2〕hard/hardly①hard“努力地，仔細(xì)地〞，程度副詞——workhard②hardly“幾乎不〞，否認(rèn)副詞——Hecanhardlyseethewordsontheblackboard.〔3〕muchtoo/toomuch①muchtoo+adj./adv.原級(jí)，及toomany相對(duì)，中心詞是tooeg：muchtoocold/Hefinishedhishomeworkmuchtooquickly.②toomuch+不行數(shù)名詞，中心詞時(shí)much——Hehastoomuchtime.toomuch也可作程度副詞——Don’teattoomuch,it’sbadforyourhealth.〔4〕too,enough,so①too…to…表示否認(rèn)的意思，太…而不能eg：Heistooyoungtogotoschool.②adj./adv.原級(jí)+enough+todo，足夠…去…eg：Heissevennow,heisoldenoughtogotoschool.③so+adj./adv.原級(jí)+that+從句，如此…以致于…eg：Heissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.考點(diǎn)三、形容詞和副詞的區(qū)分1、形容詞用法：系動(dòng)詞+形容詞，形容詞+名詞eg：Heiscareful./Heisacarefulboy.2、副詞用法：行為動(dòng)詞+副詞eg：Thebottlecanbreakeasily.考點(diǎn)四、形容詞和副詞的三級(jí)：原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1、adj.&adv.的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則改變：〔1〕單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)①一般末尾干脆加er和esteg：tall-taller-tallest,strong-stronger-strongest,long-longer-longest,hard-harder-hardest②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的形容詞，在末尾干脆加r或steg：nice-nicer-nicest,late-later-latest,large-larger-largest③輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞，去y加ier和iesteg：happy-happier-happiest,heavy-heavier-heaviest,easy-easier-easiest,healty-healthier-healthiest④以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的〔輔-元-輔〕形容詞，且只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)最終一個(gè)字母，再加er和esteg：fat-fatter-fattest,thin-thinner-thinnest,hot-hotter-hottest,big-bigger-biggest,red-redder-reddest〔2〕多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)和以ly結(jié)尾的大多數(shù)副詞：加more和(the)mosteg：handsome-morehandsome-(the)mosthandsome,beautiful-morebeautiful-(the)mostbeautifulslowly-moresolely-(the)mostslowly,friendly-morefriendly-(the)mostfriendly,quickly-morequickly-(the)mostquickly,clearly-moreclearly-(the)mostclearly其它常見(jiàn)詞：interesting,difficult,important,popular,comfortable,necessary,successful,wonderful,attractive,dangerous,terrible,humorous,delicious,expensive,excited★特別的：early-earlier-earliest2、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)good,well-better-(the)best,bad,badly,ill-worse-(the)worst,many,much-more-(the)most,old-elder,little-less-(the)least,far-farther-farthest〔駕馭〕或further-furthest〔理解〕3、三級(jí)的用法〔1〕原級(jí)的用法：①只能修飾原級(jí)的有very,as,so,too,enough,quite等eg：Theoldmanistoooldtogoonwalking./Herunssoquicklythatnoonecancatchhim.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.②原級(jí)常用的句型構(gòu)造a)as…〔形容詞/副詞原級(jí)〕as…表示“A和B的程度一樣〞eg：Heisastallashisbrother./HerunsasquicklyasJim.b)notas/so…〔形容詞/副詞原級(jí)〕as…表示“A不如B…〞eg：Thatgirlisn’tas/sofatasAmy.Hedoesn’twalkasslowlyasyou.c)A…+倍數(shù)+as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as+B表示“A是B的…倍〞eg：Ourschoolisthreetimesasbigasthisone.HerunstwiceasquicklyasJim.d)half+as+adj./adv.原級(jí)+as表示“…是…的一半〞eg：Hisapplesarehalfasmanyashissister’s.HerunshalfasquicklyasJim.e)less+adj./adv.原級(jí)+than表示“沒(méi)有…adj./adv.〞eg：Sheislessbeautifulthanhersister.HerunslessquicklythanJim.〔2〕比較級(jí)的用法：①A+v.+比較級(jí)+than+B，表示“A比B…〞eg：JimistallerthanTom./Soccerismorepopularthantennis.②A+v.+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B，表示“A比B…〞或“A比B…幾倍〞eg：Thisballisthreetimesbiggerthanthatball.Herunstentimesfasterthanhisbrother.③A+v.+比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞，或A+v.+比較級(jí)+than+theother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示“A比同一范圍內(nèi)任何一人/物都…〞eg：Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.=Heistallerthantheotherboysinourclass.Shejumpshigherthananyotherstudent.=Shejumpshigherthantheotherstudents.④A+v.+the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo，表示“A是兩者中較…的〞eg：Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.⑤比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)，表示“越來(lái)越…〞〔moreandmore+多音節(jié)adj./adv.原級(jí)〕eg：Heisbecomingtallerandtaller.Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.⑥“the比較級(jí)，the比較級(jí)〞表示“越…,越…〞eg：Themore,thebetter.Theharderyoustudy,thehighergradesyouwillget.Themorewegettogether,thehappierwewillbe.⑦“疑問(wèn)詞+v.+比較級(jí)，Aor