2025屆高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解記敘文專題講解課件

2025年高考閱讀理解記敘文專題2024.7.29

目錄01.考情分析07.真題同主題材料閱讀填空03.命題特點(diǎn)05.真題回顧02.選材特點(diǎn)04.解題策略06.真題變式語(yǔ)法填空08.真題同文體-記敘文練習(xí)01ONE歷年記敘文閱讀理解考情分析

考情分析高考閱讀理解文章體裁通常可以劃分為應(yīng)用文、說(shuō)明文、記敘文和議論文。記敘文是一種以記敘為主要表達(dá)方式的文章體裁，分為寫人的記敘文和敘事的記敘文，人不離事，事不離人，但寫作對(duì)象和寫作目的有區(qū)別。寫人的記敘文以人為寫作對(duì)象，表現(xiàn)人物的品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)，而敘事的記敘文以事件為記敘對(duì)象，揭示事件對(duì)人、對(duì)社會(huì)的思想意義。本文主要結(jié)合2024年新高考1卷記敘文的講解、一題多做；結(jié)合近幾年高考試題，闡述記敘文閱讀理解的命題特點(diǎn)和解題策略。序號(hào)來(lái)

源語(yǔ)

篇

概

述主題語(yǔ)境詞數(shù)1.

2024年新高考I卷B篇介紹威廉醫(yī)生，作為美國(guó)目前越來(lái)越多的獸醫(yī)之一，正實(shí)施結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)西式療法如針灸、按摩療法和草藥的整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法。人與自我3812.

2023年新高考I卷B篇愛(ài)思考且好學(xué)的John建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水人與自我3293.

2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能以及此項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)在女性群體中變成一種潮流趨勢(shì)人與社會(huì)2764.

2022年全國(guó)甲卷C篇Ginni從小就熱愛(ài)旅游，后來(lái)機(jī)緣巧合去了南極洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象人與自然3015.

2021年全國(guó)甲卷C篇作者在不停的搬家過(guò)程中，從不適應(yīng)到融入了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳畹囊粋€(gè)過(guò)程人與社會(huì)32102ONE記敘文選材特點(diǎn)

選材特點(diǎn)高考記敘文閱讀理解注重題材的多樣化、現(xiàn)代化和生活化，涵蓋了人物故事、社會(huì)文化等方面，符合新課標(biāo)人與自我、人與自然、人與社會(huì)三大主題語(yǔ)境，凸顯語(yǔ)言與文化相結(jié)合，如2024年新高考I卷B篇介紹威廉醫(yī)生，作為美國(guó)目前越來(lái)越多的獸醫(yī)之一，正實(shí)施結(jié)合傳統(tǒng)西式療法如針灸、按摩療法和草藥的整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法；2023年新高考I卷B篇講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛(ài)思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水。所選文章大都故事簡(jiǎn)單卻立意深刻，體現(xiàn)了新課標(biāo)立德樹人的價(jià)值取向；2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇，主要講述了一位DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能以及DIY項(xiàng)目可能會(huì)在女性群體中變成一種潮流趨勢(shì)；2022年全國(guó)甲卷B篇主要講述了Ginni從小就熱愛(ài)旅游，后來(lái)通過(guò)機(jī)緣巧合去了南極洲旅行，并留下了深刻的印象的故事。2021年全國(guó)甲卷C篇，主要講述了作者剛搬家到倫敦時(shí),很不適應(yīng),但是有了一群志同道合的小伙伴后,很快就融入了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳?。后?lái)搬家到華盛頓,卻找不到喜歡滑冰的人。重返倫敦后,作者經(jīng)常到小時(shí)候滑冰的地方走走看看,重溫童年時(shí)光。

選材特點(diǎn)高考記敘文的篇幅一般都在280至350詞左右，段落較多。文章語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化、表達(dá)方式靈活，常用短語(yǔ)和平時(shí)不常見(jiàn)到的表達(dá)交織在文章中，使文章更加生動(dòng)和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的難度，如2024年新高考1卷B篇中he'llhavethelastlaugh，習(xí)語(yǔ)表達(dá)表示獸醫(yī)對(duì)他的針灸方法很有把握；2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇中的猜詞題adabhand(高手)，2022年全國(guó)甲卷C篇中的flewthenest(指年輕人離開父母，開始獨(dú)立生活)、hithometosb.(切中要害，使人接受)，這些均為平時(shí)不常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)，需要學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文靈活推測(cè)。03ONE命題特點(diǎn)

命題特點(diǎn)教育部考試中心公布的《考試說(shuō)明》對(duì)閱讀理解要求做了明確的規(guī)定，主要考查學(xué)生以下能力：理解主旨與要義、理解文中具體信息、根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義、做出判斷和推理、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。學(xué)生必須理解短文大意、文中重要信息點(diǎn)、作者觀點(diǎn)，并深層理解作者的態(tài)度和意圖。記敘文題目類型更多，如主旨題、推斷題、詞義推斷題等，大部分題目不能直接根據(jù)問(wèn)題從文章中找到答案，更多考查對(duì)文章的深層理解。題干疑問(wèn)詞what出現(xiàn)頻率最高，why、which和how兼有但相對(duì)較少，題干長(zhǎng)度有變長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)度較短，語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，但詞匯量要求較高，閱讀理解很大一部分問(wèn)題是對(duì)文中比較特別的表達(dá)內(nèi)容的考查，閱讀理解考查的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)原文的理解而非復(fù)雜選項(xiàng)之間的辨析。04ONE記敘文解題策略

解題策略應(yīng)遵循三個(gè)原則：主旨原則問(wèn)題優(yōu)先原則證據(jù)原則

細(xì)節(jié)題2.【快速識(shí)別】有些細(xì)節(jié)題的題干使用了原文信息的同義表達(dá)，因此需要識(shí)別題干中的同義表達(dá)，然后定位到原文，選擇原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。3.有些細(xì)節(jié)題可以根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞快速定位，然后對(duì)定位處進(jìn)行深層理解，正確選項(xiàng)能根據(jù)原文總結(jié)概括得到。1.細(xì)心審題，使用定位法答題，即先看問(wèn)題，關(guān)注題干中可以幫助定位的關(guān)鍵詞（如時(shí)間、地名、人物、重要的動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞等）

推斷題推斷題是屬于難度較高的一類題型，需要學(xué)生在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)分析語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)在邏輯和理解其中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的暗示，理解文章深層意義和隱含意義，然后作出一定的推理判斷，切忌憑空猜想，而要以原文內(nèi)容為依據(jù)，對(duì)文章信息細(xì)致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深層含義，同時(shí)也要注意避免過(guò)度推斷?！揪珳?zhǔn)定位】比喻、對(duì)比、舉例等特殊表達(dá)處往往是考點(diǎn)，學(xué)生在閱讀原文時(shí)要留意這些地方。區(qū)間定位是快速定位的重要手段之一，使用區(qū)間定位能夠幫助學(xué)生在沒(méi)有完全讀懂原文的情況下盡可能答對(duì)較多的題。

詞義推斷題詞義推斷題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯和短語(yǔ)的能力，包括超綱詞義、熟詞生義、代詞的指代關(guān)系、俗語(yǔ)、特殊表達(dá)等，因此學(xué)生不僅需要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)境中的理解推斷能力，也需要在平時(shí)注意積累和擴(kuò)大詞匯量。此類題目可以采用以下幾種方法：利用構(gòu)詞法聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)境代入法

主旨題主旨題考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體把握，能否分辨主題和細(xì)節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力。主旨題具體分為主旨大意題、最佳標(biāo)題題和寫作目的題。此類題目需遵循“末位原則”，即不論出現(xiàn)在哪一題，都要最后做。此類題型可以運(yùn)用以下幾種方法：根據(jù)全文關(guān)鍵詞確定主題把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)【精準(zhǔn)定位】主旨大意和主旨意圖需要加以區(qū)分，對(duì)應(yīng)的答案有時(shí)候可能不同，主旨意圖需要理解文章背后的深層含義。對(duì)于記敘文閱讀理解，把握文章的中心和主旨、主人公或作者的主要觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是十分必要的。考生需要在平時(shí)保持長(zhǎng)期的持續(xù)性輸入，進(jìn)行泛讀和一定量的閱讀練習(xí)，培養(yǎng)記憶、分析、對(duì)比、判斷、推理和綜合能力，多反思總結(jié)，找到適合自己的策略。05ONE真題回顧

(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WiliamFarber,shorlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit."Iamaheadofmytime."Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing"holistic"medicine-combiningtraditionalWestemtreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.

(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,"hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That'smyjob."記敘文真題要點(diǎn)梳理——讀懂文本記敘文6要素具體內(nèi)容Time

Place

Who

Why

How/development

Result記敘文真題要點(diǎn)梳理——讀懂文本記敘文6要素具體內(nèi)容TimePlaceWhoWhyHow/developmentResult20年前Dr.WilliamFarber、Leigh

Tindale、Priscilla

DewingFarber自己遭受嚴(yán)重背痛，常規(guī)藥物治療效果不佳，嘗試針灸后癥狀改善，于是對(duì)替代療法產(chǎn)生興趣，并將其用于寵物治療。Farber學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)技術(shù)后為寵物提供綜合治療，如為兔子針灸，為L(zhǎng)eighTindale的狗Charlie治療心臟疾病，為PriscillaDewing的馬Nappy進(jìn)行按摩療法調(diào)整Farber的綜合治療方法在一定程度上減輕了動(dòng)物的痛苦，延長(zhǎng)了動(dòng)物的生命或改善了其身體狀況。美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)的成員數(shù)量也在增加。notmentioned

(根據(jù)提醒和解題策略解題)24.WhatdosomeofFarber'scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He'sodd.B.He'sstrict.C.He'sbrave.D.He'srude.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.段1：evensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.

細(xì)節(jié)題

理解+同義轉(zhuǎn)換Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.文段概括

(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians'work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber'spoint.B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians.D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.第三段文段概括理解：LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.最后一段：Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,"推理判斷06ONE真題變式語(yǔ)法填空題

真題變式語(yǔ)法填空題“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathis

1

(usual)methods.ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,

真題變式語(yǔ)法填空題chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamore

2

(convention)veterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittle

3

(relieve).Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,

真題變式語(yǔ)法填空題andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthree

4

(treat).Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,after

5

(study)thetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,

真題變式語(yǔ)法填空題shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimalivefor

6

addtionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmore7(comfortable)”afterachiropracticadjustment.

真題變式語(yǔ)法填空題Farberiscertain

8

theholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisany

indication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation

9(grow)from30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatit

10(work)sowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That'smyjob.”1.unusual2.conventional3.relief4.treatments5.studying6.an7.comfortably8.that9.hasgrown10.works08ONE真題同主題材料閱讀填空

真題同主題材料閱讀填空Acupuncture,anancientformoftraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears.Itinvolvesinsertingverythinneedlesintospecificpointsonthebody,

1

(believe)tobalancetheflowofenergy,orQi.Thehistoryofacupuncturecan

2

(trace)backtoancientChina.Overtime,ithasspreadtomanyothercountriesandisnowgainingpopularityworldwide.believedbetraced

真題同主題材料閱讀填空Acupunctureisoftenusedtotreatawiderangeofhealthconditions,suchaschronicpain,migraines,andstress.Manypeoplehavereportedsignificantrelieffromtheirsymptomsafter

3

(receive)acupuncturetreatments.

4

,theeffectivenessofacupunctureisstillasubjectofdebateamongsomeinthemedicalcommunity.Whilesome5(study)haveshownpositiveresults,receivingHoweverstudies

真題同主題材料閱讀填空moreresearchisneededto

6(full)understand

7itworksandwhomightbenefitthemostfromit.Despitetheuncertainties,acupunctureremains

8importantpartoftraditionalmedicineandcontinues

9thosewhoareseeking10(alter)approachestohealthcare.fullyhowantoattractalternative09ONE真題同文體-記敘文練習(xí)2023年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I卷-B篇WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.v.探討，探索v.觀察n.生物v.想知道，好奇n.步驟，程序，過(guò)程n.骯臟，雜亂v.收集；吸收n.化學(xué)物質(zhì)n.結(jié)合，聯(lián)合v.認(rèn)為ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.n.物質(zhì)v.建造，修建n.池塘n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)驚奇于v.理解，領(lǐng)悟；消化Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”開始承擔(dān)或處理n.設(shè)施，設(shè)備n.運(yùn)河adj.生態(tài)的備用零件n.生物，有機(jī)體v.注意到，觀察到24．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling. B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind. D．Helongedtobeadoctor.25．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.

B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.

D．Totesttheeco-machine.26．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C．TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.27．WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself. B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse. D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.CDBAadj.詢問(wèn)的，打聽(tīng)的，愛(ài)追究的渴望n.應(yīng)用,運(yùn)用v.抹去，擦掉adj.不同的，各式各樣的2021年新高考全國(guó)II卷-B篇IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomups