廣東三校2024-2025學年高三上學期9月聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東三校2024-2025學年高三上學期9月聯(lián)考英語試題第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIfyouhaven’tdecidedhowtospendyoursummer,youmaywanttothinkaboutthepossibilityofparticipatinginasummerprogram.VirtualExperience:Harvard’sHighSchoolProgramsIfyou’rewonderingwhatcollegeislike,Harvardoffersonlinecollegeprogramsjustforhighschoolstudentswhoarecurious.Harvard’shighschoolprogramsallowyoutotakerealcoursesandearncollegecredit.Financialaidisavailableforqualifyingstudents.VirtualExperience:AmericanUniversityHighSchoolSummerScholarsThismulti-week,onlineprogramhelpshighschoolstudentspursuetheirinterestsinavarietyoftopics.Eachonlinecourseis1-credithour.Risingsophomores,juniors,andseniorswitha3.0GPA(GradePointsAverage)canchoose1coursefrom14subjects-fromPoliticalActionandPublicPolicytoOceanographyandmore.VirtualExperience:WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute(WPI)—FrontiersProgramThisonline,summerprogramisdesignedforhighschoolstudentsenteringtheirjuniorandsenioryears.Programparticipantsarechallengedtoexploretheouterlimitsoftheirknowledgeinscience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)withcurrentlaboratorytechniquesandexploringunsolvedproblemsacrossawiderangeofdisciplines.Virtual/In-PersonOpportunities:ImmerseEducationProgramsImmerseEducation’ssummerprogramsofferin-personandonlinecoursesinavarietyofsubjectsandtakeplacethroughouttheUnitedKingdomandAustralia.Studentsages11-18fromaroundtheworldgettolearnonthecampusesofCambridge,Oxford,LondonandtheUniversityofSydney.1.Whichprogramwillyoupossiblychooseifyouarefromafamilyonatightbudget?A.ImmerseEducationPrograms.B.Harvard’sHighSchoolPrograms.C.AmericanUniversityHighSchoolSummerScholars.D.WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute(WPI)-FrontiersProgram.2.Whatdothesefourprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyprovideaccesstoonlinelearning. B.Theysetacademicrequirements.C.Theyofferparticipantscollegecredits. D.TheytakeplaceintheUnitedStates.3.Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A.Collegestaff. B.Collegestudents.C.Programorganizers. D.Highschoolstudents.〖答案〗1.B2.A3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。介紹了幾個適合高中生的暑期項目?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VirtualExperience:Harvard’sHighSchoolPrograms部分“Financialaidisavailableforqualifyingstudents.（符合資格的學生可獲得經(jīng)濟援助。）”可知，預算緊張的家庭可能會選擇Harvard’sHighSchoolPrograms。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“Ifyou’rewonderingwhatcollegeislike,Harvardoffersonlinecollegeprogramsjustforhighschoolstudentswhoarecurious.（如果你想知道大學是什么樣的，哈佛大學只為好奇的高中生提供在線大學課程。）”、“Thismulti-week,onlineprogramhelpshighschoolstudentspursuetheirinterestsinavarietyoftopics.（這項為期數(shù)周的在線課程幫助高中生在各種各樣的話題上追求自己的興趣。）”、“Thisonline,summerprogramisdesignedforhighschoolstudentsenteringtheirjuniorandsenioryears.（這個在線的暑期課程是為進入初中和高中的高中生設(shè)計的。）”和“ImmerseEducation’ssummerprogramsofferin-personandonlinecoursesinavarietyofsubjectsandtakeplacethroughouttheUnitedKingdomandAustralia.（沉浸式教育的暑期課程在英國和澳大利亞舉辦，提供各種主題的現(xiàn)場課程和在線課程。）”可知，這四個項目的共同點是他們提供在線學習的機會。故選A。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章“Ifyou’rewonderingwhatcollegeislike,Harvardoffersonlinecollegeprogramsjustforhighschoolstudentswhoarecurious.（如果你想知道大學是什么樣的，哈佛大學只為好奇的高中生提供在線大學課程。）”、“Thismulti-week,onlineprogramhelpshighschoolstudentspursuetheirinterestsinavarietyoftopics.（這項為期數(shù)周的在線課程幫助高中生在各種各樣的話題上追求自己的興趣。）”、“Thisonline,summerprogramisdesignedforhighschoolstudentsenteringtheirjuniorandsenioryears.（這個在線的暑期課程是為進入初中和高中的高中生設(shè)計的。）”和“Studentsages11-18fromaroundtheworldgettolearnonthecampusesofCambridge,Oxford,LondonandtheUniversityofSydney.（來自世界各地的11-18歲學生可以在劍橋、牛津、倫敦和悉尼大學的校園學習。）”可知，文本主要針對高中生。故選D。BThe71stannualBostonMarathonwasheldonApril19,1967.Thisdaywasfilledwithfreezingrain,snowandstrongwinds.However,foroneparticipantnamedKathrineSwitzer,theweatherconditionsweretheleastofherworries.Kathrinewasthefirstandonlyregisteredfemalerunnerinthemarathonandshehadsomethingtoprove.ThefirstfewmileswereapieceofcakeforKathrine.Thenaroundmilefour,sherealizedsomeonewaschasingher.Sheturnedaroundandwasstartledtoseeanangryfacejustinchesaway.Itwastheracedirector(賽事總監(jiān)),JockSemple.“Getthehelloutofmyraceandgivemethosenumbers!”Jockyelled.Ashesaidthis,hegrabbedKathrineandtriedrippingherracenumbersoffhersweatshirt.Kathrinewassoshockedandterrified.AsJockclungtohersweatshirt,Kathrinestruggledtobreakfree.Kathrinefeltawful.Shethoughtaboutdroppingout,butsoonsheknewthatwasn’tanoption.“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthecapabilitytorun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.Ifquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,insteadofforward…”Whileallthisthinkingwasgoingon,Kathrinecontinued,untilshefoundherselfnearingthefinishline.Completelysoakedandgreetedbyonlyahandfulofreporters,noneofwhomcheered,Kathrinecompletedtheraceinatimeof4hoursand20minutes.Theracewasover,butherpursuitofchangewasjustbeginning.ShewasaprimaryforcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.HerleadershipalsopavedthewayfortheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymboloffearlessnessformillionsofwomenworldwide.4.WhatdidKathrinehopetoachieveinthe71stBostonMarathon?A.Beingaregisteredrunner. B.Provingwomen’sathleticability.C.Instructingherfriendasacoach. D.Providingserviceasavolunteer.5.WhydidJockSemplechaseKathrine?A.Tofollowherpace. B.Todefeatherintherace.C.Toforcehertoquit. D.Toremindheroftherules.6.WhatismainlydiscussedaboutKathrineinthelastparagraph?A.Herleadership. B.Herambition.C.Herpopularity. D.Hercontribution.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeKathrineaccordingtothepassage?A.Caringandsensitive. B.Fearlessandresponsible.C.Adventurousandkind. D.Courageousanddetermined.〖答案〗4.B5.C6.D7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了凱瑟琳·斯威策為爭取女子參加馬拉松運動而作出的努力?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthecapabilitytorun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.Ifquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,insteadofforward…(如果我放棄了，沒有人會相信女性有能力跑26英里以上。如果我放棄了，大家會說這是作秀。如果放棄，女子體育就會倒退，倒退，而不是前進……)”可推知，凱瑟琳希望在第71屆波士頓馬拉松比賽中展示女子的運動能力。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Getthehelloutofmyraceandgivemethosenumbers!”Jockyelled.Ashesaidthis,hegrabbedKathrineandtriedrippingherracenumbersoffhersweatshirt.(“滾出我的比賽，把那些號碼給我！”運動員喊道。他一邊說著，一邊抓住凱瑟琳，想把她運動衫上的比賽號碼扯下來)”可知，喬克·森普爾追著凱瑟琳是想逼她退出比賽。故選C?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“ShewasaprimaryforcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.HerleadershipalsopavedthewayfortheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymboloffearlessnessformillionsofwomenworldwide.(她是1972年讓女性正式參加波士頓馬拉松比賽的主要力量。她的領(lǐng)導也為國際奧委會將女子馬拉松納入1984年奧運會鋪平了道路。她在波士頓那歷史性的一天佩戴的號碼261，也成為全球數(shù)百萬女性無畏的象征)”可知，最后一段主要討論了凱瑟琳的突出貢獻。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“IfIquit,nobodywouldeverbelievethatwomenhadthecapabilitytorun26-plusmiles.IfIquit,everybodywouldsayitwasashow.Ifquit,itwouldsetwomen’ssportsback,wayback,insteadofforward…(如果我放棄了，沒有人會相信女性有能力跑26英里以上。如果我放棄了，大家會說這是作秀。如果放棄，女子體育就會倒退，倒退，而不是前進……)”及最后一段“ShewasaprimaryforcebehindgettingwomenofficiallyacceptedintotheBostonmarathonin1972.HerleadershipalsopavedthewayfortheInternationalOlympicCommitteetoadmitthewomen’smarathonintothe1984OlympicGames.Hernumber261onthathistoricdayinBostonhasalsobecomeasymboloffearlessnessformillionsofwomenworldwide.(她是1972年讓女性正式參加波士頓馬拉松比賽的主要力量。她的領(lǐng)導也為國際奧委會將女子馬拉松納入1984年奧運會鋪平了道路。她在波士頓那歷史性的一天佩戴的號碼261，也成為全球數(shù)百萬女性無畏的象征)”可推知，凱瑟琳勇敢而堅定。故選D。CIsforgivenessagainstourhumannature?Toanswerourquestion,weneedtoaskafurtherquestion:Whatistheessenceofourhumanity?Forthesakeofsimplicity,peopleconsidertwodistinctlydifferentviewsofhumanity.Thefirstviewinvolvesdominanceandpower.Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.Thesecondviewinvolvesthethemeofcooperation,mutualrespect,andevenloveasthebasisofwhoweareashumans.Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.Forexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.8.WhatisDroll’sideaaboutforgiveness?A.Peopleshouldoffermercytoothers.B.Peoplewhoforgivecanhavetheirownwelfareaffected.C.Forgivenessdependsonthenatureofhumanity.D.Aggressivepeopleshouldlearntoforgive.9.WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph2illustrate?A.Toforgiveistolove. B.Tofightistogrow.C.Todominateistoharm. D.Togiveistoreceive.10.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardforgiveness?A.Objective. B.Reserved. C.Favorable. D.Skeptical.11.Whatismessageofthelastparagraph?A.Forgivenessisinournature. B.Forgivenessgrowswithtime.C.Actualityisbasedonpotentiality. D.Ittakespracticetoforgive.〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“原諒是否違背人類本性”這一主題進行了深入的探討和論證，通過對比不同的人類本性觀點，分析了原諒在個體和社區(qū)中的作用和意義。【8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inanearlypaperonthepsychologyofforgiveness,Droll(1984)madetheinterestingclaimthathumans’essentialnatureismoreaggressivethanforgivingallows.Thosewhoforgiveareagainsttheirbasicnature,muchtotheirharm.Inhisopinion,forgiversarecompromisingtheirwell-beingastheyoffermercytoothers,whomightthentakeadvantageofthem.(在一篇關(guān)于寬恕心理學的早期論文中，Droll(1984)提出了一個有趣的觀點，即人類的本質(zhì)比寬恕所允許的更具攻擊性。那些寬恕的人違背了他們的本性，對他們造成了很大的傷害。在他看來，寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時，也在損害自己的幸福，而這些人可能會利用他們。)”可知，Droll認為寬恕的人違背了他們的本性，對他們造成了很大的傷害，他認為寬恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同時，也在損害自己的幸福。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段所舉例子上文“Researchersfindthattofullygrowashumanbeings,weneedbothtoreceivelovefromandofferlovetoothers.Withoutlove,ourconnectionswithawiderangeofindividualsinourlivescanfallapart.Evencommonsensestronglysuggeststhatthewilltopoweroverothersdoesnotmakeforharmoniousinteractions.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，為了全面成長為人類，我們既需要從別人那里接受愛，也需要向別人提供愛。沒有愛，我們與生活中各種各樣的人的聯(lián)系就會破裂。甚至常識也強烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不會促成和諧的互動。)”可知，沒有愛，我們與他人的聯(lián)系就會破裂，控制他人的意愿并不會促成和諧的互動；奴隸制是一個基于對他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的傷害和痛苦?！癋orexample,howwellhasslaveryworkedasamodeofsocialharmony?(例如，奴隸制作為社會和諧的一種模式發(fā)揮了多大的作用?)”通過以奴隸社會舉例，以反問的方式，來闡明試圖通過支配和權(quán)力來控制他人并不能帶來真正的和諧或幸福，即控制就是傷害。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Fromthissecondviewpointofwhoweareashumans,forgivenessplaysakeyroleinthebiologicalandpsychologicalintegrityofbothindividualsandcommunitiesbecauseoneoftheoutcomesofforgiveness,shownthroughscientificstudies,isthedecreasingofhatredandtherestorationofharmony.Forgivenesscanbreakthecycleofanger.Atleasttotheextentthepeoplefromwhomyouareestrangedacceptyourloveandforgivenessandarepreparedtomaketherequiredadjustments.Forgivenesscanhealrelationshipsandreconnectpeople.(從作為人類的第二種觀點來看，寬恕在個人和社區(qū)的生理和心理完整性方面都起著關(guān)鍵作用，因為科學研究表明，寬恕的結(jié)果之一是減少仇恨，恢復和諧。寬恕可以打破憤怒的循環(huán)。至少在某種程度上，與你疏遠的人接受你的愛和寬恕，并準備做出必要的調(diào)整。寬恕可以治愈人際關(guān)系，重新連接人際關(guān)系。)”可知，作者認為原諒在個體和社區(qū)生物學和心理學完整性中的關(guān)鍵作用，指出原諒能夠減少仇恨、恢復和諧，并且能夠打破憤怒的循環(huán)。作者還提到原諒可以治愈關(guān)系，讓人們重新建立聯(lián)系。這些觀點都表明作者對于原諒持有支持的態(tài)度。故選C?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asanimportantnote,whenwetakeaClassicalphilosophicalperspective,thatofAristotle,weseethedistinctionbetweenpotentialityandactuality.Wearenotnecessarilybornwiththecapacitytoforgive,butinsteadwiththepotentialtolearnaboutitandtogrowinourabilitytoforgive.Theactualityofforgiving,itsactualappropriationinconflictsituations,developswithpractice.(值得注意的是，當我們從古典哲學的角度，即亞里士多德的角度來看，我們會看到潛在性和現(xiàn)實性之間的區(qū)別。我們不一定天生就有寬恕的能力，但我們有潛力去學習寬恕，并在寬恕的能力中成長。寬恕的現(xiàn)實性，它在沖突情境中的實際運用，是隨著實踐而發(fā)展的。)”可知，最后一段主要傳達了原諒需要實踐的信息。作者通過引用古典哲學中關(guān)于潛在性和實際性的觀點，指出我們并不是天生就具備原諒的能力，而是需要通過學習和實踐來培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展這種能力。因此，原諒并不是一種自然而然的行為，而是需要我們付出努力去實踐的。故選D。DIntheanimalkingdom,mimics(模仿)arenotrare.Stickinsectspretendtobetwigs.Hawkmothcaterpillarsresemblepoisonoussnakes.Theexamples,though,arevisual.Auditorymimicryisrarer.DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.Dr.Russofirstnoticedbatbuzzingafewyearsago.Thenoisestruckhimassimilartothesoundofsomebees.Hewonderedwhetherbatbuzzingwasaformofmimicrywhichhelpedtofrightenawaywould-bepredators.Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.Thentheresearchersrecruitedseveralowls.Theyputtheowls,oneatatime,inanenclosurewithbranchesforthemtostayon,andtwoboxeswithholesinthem.Theyplacedaloudspeakeralongsideoneoftheboxes,andafterthebirdshadsettledin,broadcastthroughitfivesecondsofuninterruptedbatbuzzingandasimilaramountofinsectbuzzingthreetimesinarowforeachnoise.Asacontrol,theybroadcastinlikemannerseveralnon-buzzingsoundsmadebybats.Duringthebroadcastsandforfiveminutesthereafter,theyvideoedtheowls.Afteranalysis,theresultswere

unequivocal.Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.Dr.Russobelievesthisisthefirstreportedcaseofamammalusingauditorymimicrytoscareawayapredator.Theystronglysuspect,however,thatitisnotunique.Anecdotessuggestseveralbirdsalsomakebuzzingnoiseswhentheirnestsaredisturbed.Andwiththeresultoftheexperiment,hethereforepredictsthatauditorymimicryisfarmorewidespreadthancurrentlyrealized.12.WhatwasDr.Russo’shypothesisofthestudy?A.Batsimitatethevoiceofangrybeestofrightenawayenemies.B.Thebuzzingofbatsissimilartothesoundofsomebees.C.Auditorymimicryisrathercommonintheanimalkingdom.D.Onlysomebatshavethecapacityofauditorymimicry.13.HowdidDr.Russotesthisidea?A.Byconsultingexpertsinthisfield.B.Byreferringtootherscholars’analysis.C.Bycollectingcomputerdata.D.Byconductingseriesofscientificexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unequivocal”inparagraph5possiblymean?A.Disappointing. B.Controversial. C.Definite. D.Uncertain.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Batsgetanewtricktoscareawayowls.B.Batsmimicbuzzingtofrightenawaypredators.C.Batsarenolongervictimtoowls.D.Bats’auditorymimicrybehavioriswidespreadamonganimals.〖答案〗12.A13.D14.C15.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了Dr.Russo認為蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂的聲音來嚇跑敵人，為了驗證他的想法，進行了一系列的實驗?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.(他認為，有些蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂是為了嚇跑可能會吃掉它們的貓頭鷹。)”可知，Dr.Russo對這項研究的假設(shè)是蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂是為了嚇跑敵人。故選A項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Totestthisidea,heandhiscolleaguesfirstrecordedthebuzzingthatcapturedbatsmade.Then,withprotectiveclothing,theybeganthemoredangeroustaskofrecordingthebuzzingmadebydifferentbees.Computeranalysisrevealedthatbees’andbats’buzzingwere,indeed,similar.(為了驗證這個想法，他和他的同事們首先記錄了捕捉到的蝙蝠發(fā)出的嗡嗡聲。然后，他們穿上防護服，開始了更危險的任務——記錄不同蜜蜂發(fā)出的嗡嗡聲。計算機分析顯示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡聲確實相似。)”可知，Dr.Russo通過進行一系列的科學實驗來驗證他的想法。故選D項?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句后文“Whentheyheardboththebatbuzzingandthebeebuzzing,theowlsmovedasfarfromthespeakersastheycould.Incontrast,whenthenon-buzzingbatsoundswereplayed,theycreptcloser.(當他們聽到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡聲時，貓頭鷹們盡可能地遠離揚聲器。相比之下，當沒有嗡嗡聲的蝙蝠叫聲響起時，它們會悄悄靠近。)”說明，研究結(jié)果十分清楚明確。從而推知劃線詞句“(經(jīng)過分析，結(jié)果是unequivocal.)”其中劃線短語應為“明確的”的意思。故選C項。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“DaniloRussooftheUniversityofNaplesFedericoIIthinkshehasfoundanovelcaseofit,ashedescribesinCurrentBiology.Somebats,hebelieves,mimicangrybeesinordertoscareawayowlsthatmightotherwiseeatthem.(那不勒斯費德里科二世大學的DaniloRusso認為他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的例子，他在《當代生物學》中描述了這一點。他認為，有些蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂是為了嚇跑可能會吃掉它們的貓頭鷹。)”可知，全文描述了DaniloRusso認為蝙蝠模仿憤怒的蜜蜂是為了嚇跑敵人，為了驗證他的想法，進行了一系列的實驗。B項“蝙蝠模仿嗡嗡聲來嚇跑捕食者。”符合題意，能概括文章主旨。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____16____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____17____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____18____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____19____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwelcome.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____20____A.Thetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.〖答案〗16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了警察為什么被稱為cops的由來?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人認為這個詞是“copper”的縮寫，來自警察佩戴的銅徽章。也有人說它代表“警察總隊”。)”可知，關(guān)于“cop”這個昵稱的起源存在爭議。因此推斷E項“但這個綽號的起源卻存在爭議?！狈险Z境。故選E?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，關(guān)于“cop”一詞起源的普遍共識表明，這個詞更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服裝或頭銜。在拉丁語中，動詞capere可以被定義為“捕獲”。在法語中，動詞是caper?！癟ocop”在英語中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的語言中有不同的詞定義了警察的部分工作，因此推斷C項“這些詞定義了警察的部分工作”總結(jié)上文，thesewords指代前文的詞匯。故選C?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.（一些人還認為，荷蘭語kapen也可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)。從本質(zhì)上講，警察的存在是為了把罪犯趕出街頭。)”和下文“AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.(由于美式英語主要來源于德語、法語和拉丁語，kapen或capere的特定語言來源為“cop”一詞創(chuàng)造了一條現(xiàn)成的路徑。)”可知，荷蘭語kapen可以粗略地翻譯為“偷竊或拿走”，與警察被稱為coppers或cops有關(guān)，美式英語來自德語，法語和拉丁語，因此推斷B項“荷蘭語和法語的術(shù)語都很相似”承上啟下。故選B。【19題詳析】根據(jù)下文“And

it

is

no

longer

considered

rude.(它不再被認為是粗魯?shù)摹?”可知，現(xiàn)在稱警察為cops不粗魯，是合適的。因此推斷G項“今天，把警察稱為cop是恰當?shù)?。”符合語境，下文是對此的詳細解釋。故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.(“cop”這個詞現(xiàn)在被如此普遍地使用，以至于一個記錄他們工作的節(jié)目被稱為“Cops”。盡管J·埃德加·胡佛曾經(jīng)強烈反對這個詞，但現(xiàn)在把警察或女警察稱為cop是可以的。)”可知，現(xiàn)在稱呼apoliceman或者apolicewoman是最好的，與前一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此推斷F項“然而，“police

officer”這個術(shù)語通常是最正確的”。故選F。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Oneday,mychildrenandIfoundahomeless,smallcattrappedinaburningbox.Shewas____21____injured,withmosthairsburned.WerescuedherandnamedherSmoky.Backatourranch(牧場)we____22____her.Weekslater,Smokylookedbetter,butwascompletely____23____duetomedicineonherskin.Shelookedsouglybutweadoredher.Myhusband,Bill,didn’t.Smoky____24____him,too.Why?Hewasapipesmoker____25____matchesandlightersthat____26____andburned.Everytimehelitupthepipe,Smokypanicked,____27____hiscoffeecupbeforefleeing.“Can’tIhaveany____28____here?”he’dcomplain,insteadofquittingsmokingthoughitharmedhishealth.____29____,Smokybecamemore_____30_____ofthepipeanditsowner.She’dlieonthesofaandlookatBillashesmoked.Onedayhelaughed,“Oh,thecatmakesmefeel_____31_____.”Slowly,Bill_____32_____smokedinthehouse,andonenight,surprisingly,IfoundSmokylyingonhislap.Billstartedlikingher.DuringSmoky’ssecondyear,shebegangrowingfur.Tinywhitehairsgraduallygrewlong.Billcontinuedtoenjoyher_____33_____,drivingaroundwithSmoky.Whenhegotoutofthetrucktocheckthe_____34_____ontheranch,heleftthecat_____35_____,lettingherenjoytheairconditioning.21.A.accidentally B.likely C.severely D.lightly22.A.treated B.trained C.caged D.entertained23.A.homeless B.hairless C.cured D.deserted24.A.resisted B.attacked C.disliked D.annoyed25.A.particularabout B.independentof C.fullof D.armedwith26.A.flashed B.sounded C.smoked D.slipped27.A.knockingover B.turningover C.takingaway D.pickingup28.A.coffee B.peace C.trouble D.right29.A.Soonerorlater B.Sofar C.Onoccasion D.Intime30.A.tired B.aware C.tolerant D.careful31.A.sick B.guilty C.cheerful D.content32.A.rarely B.occasionally C.casually D.continuously33.A.beauty B.gentleness C.warmth D.company34.A.cattle B.engine C.road D.weather35.A.behind B.aside C.inside D.out〖答案〗21.C22.A23.B24.C25.D26.A27.A28.B29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.A35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和孩子救了一只被燒傷的貓，貓一開始因為丈夫抽煙而害怕，到后來丈夫為了貓很少抽煙，貓也和丈夫親近起來?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她受了重傷，大部分毛發(fā)都燒沒了。A.accidentally意外地；B.likely可能地；C.severely嚴重地；D.lightly稍微。根據(jù)后文“injured,withmosthairsburned”可知，貓燒傷嚴重。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：回到我們的牧場，我們治療了她。A.treated治療；B.trained訓練；C.caged關(guān)入聾子；D.entertained娛樂。根據(jù)后文“duetomedicineonherskin”可知，他們對貓進行了治療。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周后，斯莫基看起來好多了，但由于皮膚上的藥物，她的頭發(fā)完全掉光了。A.homeless無家可歸的；B.hairless沒有毛發(fā)的；C.cured被治愈的；D.deserted被拋棄的。根據(jù)后文“DuringSmoky’ssecondyear,shebegangrowingfur.(在斯莫基的第二年，她開始長毛)”可知，它一開始因為治療毛發(fā)都掉光了。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：斯莫基也不喜歡他。A.resisted抵抗；B.attacked攻擊；C.disliked不喜歡；D.annoyed惹惱。根據(jù)上文“Shelookedsouglybutweadoredher.Myhusband,Bill,didn’t.(她長得很丑，但我們都很喜歡她。我的丈夫比爾不是)”以及后文too，可知貓也不喜歡丈夫。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：他是一個煙斗煙鬼，手里拿著火柴和打火機，火光閃爍，燃燒著。A.particularabout挑剔；B.independentof不依賴；C.fullof充滿；D.armedwith裝備。根據(jù)后文“matchesandlighters”可知，此處指丈夫因為抽煙所以配備著火柴和打火機。故選D?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他是一個煙斗煙鬼，手里拿著火柴和打火機，火光閃爍，燃燒著。A.flashed閃光；B.sounded聽起來；C.smoked冒煙；D.slipped滑動。根據(jù)上文“matchesandlightersthat”可知，火柴和打火機會發(fā)出光亮。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：每次他點燃煙斗，Smoky就驚慌失措，在逃跑之前把他的咖啡杯打翻。A.knockingover撞倒；B.turningover翻轉(zhuǎn)；C.takingaway拿走；D.pickingup撿起。根據(jù)后文“hiscoffeecupbeforefleeing”可知，貓受到驚嚇，打翻了咖啡杯。故選A。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我就不能有片刻安寧嗎？”他會抱怨貓，而不是戒煙，盡管吸煙會損害他的健康。A.coffee咖啡；B.peace安寧；C.trouble麻煩；D.right權(quán)利。上文提到貓受到驚嚇，打翻了咖啡杯，所以丈夫說不得安寧。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，斯莫基對煙斗和它的主人變得更加寬容了。A.Soonerorlater遲早；B.Sofar到目前為止；C.Onoccasion偶爾；D.Intime逐漸地。后文提到貓?zhí)稍谏嘲l(fā)上看著比爾抽煙，所以是隨著時間推移逐漸習慣了。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著時間的推移，斯莫基對煙斗和它的主人變得更加寬容了。A.tired疲憊的；B.aware意識到的；C.tolerant寬容的，容忍的；D.careful仔細的。根據(jù)后文“She’dlieonthesofaandlookatBillashesmoked.(她躺在沙發(fā)上看著比爾抽煙)”可知，貓逐漸忍受主人抽煙了。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一天，他笑著說:“哦，這只貓讓我感到內(nèi)疚?！盇.sick生病的；B.guilty內(nèi)疚的；C.cheerful高興的；D.content滿意的。根據(jù)后文比爾很少在家抽煙，貓和他變得親近，說明他感到內(nèi)疚，所以很少在家里抽煙。故選B。【32題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：慢慢地，比爾很少在家里抽煙了，一天晚上，我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)斯莫基躺在他的腿上。A.rarely很少；B.occasionally偶爾；C.casually隨意；D.conti