山東省日照市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省日照市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whydidthewomanmissthehistoryclass?A.Shewassick.B.Shewasinjured.C.Sheattendedfootballpractice.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthelivingroom.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthekitchen.3.Whatisthemangoingtodofirs?A.Goshopping.B.Dohisgeographyhomework.C.Helpthewomanwiththehousework.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttofindout?A.WheretohavelunchwithMary.B.WhatdifficultiesMaryishaving.C.WhyMarytreatshercoldly.5.Whereisthewomannow?A.Atasubwaystation.B.Atanairport.C.Atataxicompany.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whattimeofyearisit?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.7.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Visitapark.B.Dosomegardening.C.Watchtheweatherforecast.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Howisthemanfeelingnow?A.Hungry.B.Uncomfortable.C.Excited.9.Whenwillthespeakersgotothecinema?A.Tonight.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Tomorrowafternoon.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whyisthewomanlearningtodance?A.Tomeetnewpeople.B.ToperformonTV.C.Togetfit.11.Wherearethewoman’sdancingclassesheld?A.Inagym.B.Inadancestudio.C.Inaschoolhall.12.Howdoesthemanfeelwhendancing?A.Relaxed.B.Disappointed.C.Anxious.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Learningmethods.B.Studyingabroad.C.English-speakingcountries.14.WheredidthewomangotoimproveherspokenEnglish?A.Asia.B.Australia.C.America.15.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Getapassport.B.Improvehisgrades.C.Develophiswritingskills.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Familymembers.C.Teacherandstudent.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howdoesthespeakerfeelaboutthepeople’sperformance?A.Angry.B.Unsatisfied.C.Proud.18.Whatmistakedidthemajorityofpeoplemake?A.Theytooktheircoats.B.Theytooktheirbags.C.Theytooktheliftdown.19.Whatdothepeopleneedtoeducatethemselvesabout?A.Howtoopenafiredoor.B.Wheretofindthenearestfireexit.C.Whattobringoutsideincaseofafire.20.Whatwillthepeopledonext?A.Practiceoncemore.B.Putoutafire.C.Takeaclass.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATherearemanyreasonsforvisitingRwanda.Frombreathtakingscenerytovariouscultures,itisfullofhopeandwonder.Herearesomemust-enjoyexperiencesfortravelers.Made-to-OrderFashion:Bighlycoloredclothisshownatmanystal(貨攤)intheKimironkoMarketinKigali,thecapitalofRwanda.Chooseonepiecethatspeakstoyouandatalentedtailor(裁縫)canmakeyoutheclothesofyourchoosinginaboutanhour.Youwillfindhills,bats,birdwingsandriverspopularonthecloth-theyareacelebrationofthecounty’snaturallandscapeandwildlife.IncredibleWildlifeEncounters:Frommountaingorillasinthenorthtochimpanzeesinthesouth,RwandaishometosomeofAfrica’smostfascinatinganimals.Localguideshelptravelersexplorerainforestsandmountainareas.Thefirstpurpose-builtgorillaresearchandeducationcenterwascompletedherein2021.MeettheArtists:Beautifulmurals(壁畫)appearfromthesidesofbuildingsastravelersmaketheirwaythroughthetownsofRwanda,leavinglittledoubtthatgiftedartistscallthecountryhome.Localpottery,sculpturesandpaintingsareonlythebeginningofthechoicesartloverswillbeexcitedabout.Don’tmissthelocalpeoplewhoperformatcommunitygatheringsandprofessionaldancersandmusicianswhotellthehistoryofthecountrytotravelersthroughdanceandmusic.CreateYourOwnAdventure:Eventhemostexperiencedadventuretravelerwillfindchallengesinthehillshere.HorsebackridingatFazendaSenghahighaboveKigali?Sure.Awalkalonga70-metrehigh,160-metrelongCanopyWalkwayinthewindaboveanaturalrainforest?Justsaywhen.Rwandaseemsbuiltforadventureandguestswhobringtheircuriositywon’tleavedisappointed.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheclothintheKimironkoMarket?A.Itscolourisdull. B.Itssellersareusuallygiftedtailors.C.Ithasvariouspatternsonit. D.Itcanbemadeintoclothesinminutes.2.Whichexperiencebestsuitsanimallovers?A.Made-to-OrderFashion. B.IncredibleWildlifeEncounters.C.MeettheArtists. D.CreateYourOwnAdventure.3.WhatcantravelersdoinRwanda?A.Drawmuralsonbuildings. B.Tellthestoriesofthecountry.C.Designsculpturesandpotteries. D.Appreciatelocalpeople’sperformances.〖答案〗1.C2.B3.D【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹在盧旺達(dá)旅行者必須享受的一些體驗。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Youwillfindhills,bats,birdwingsandriverspopularonthecloth(你會發(fā)現(xiàn)布上有受歡迎的山丘、蝙蝠、鳥翅膀和河流)”可知，在盧旺達(dá)首都基加利的Kimironko市場上展示的布料上面有各種圖案。故選C。【2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Frommountaingorillasinthenorthtochimpanzeesinthesouth,RwandaishometosomeofAfrica’smostfascinatinganimals.Localguideshelptravelersexplorerainforestsandmountainareas.Thefirstpurpose-builtgorillaresearchandeducationcenterwascompletedherein2021.(從北部的山地大猩猩到南部的黑猩猩，盧旺達(dá)是非洲一些最迷人的動物的家園。當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游幫助旅行者探索熱帶雨林和山區(qū)。第一個專門建造的大猩猩研究和教育中心于2021年在這里竣工。)”可知，IncredibleWildlifeEncounters適合動物愛好者們?nèi)ビ瓮?。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Don’tmissthelocalpeoplewhoperformatcommunitygatheringsandprofessionaldancersandmusicianswhotellthehistoryofthecountrytotravelersthroughdanceandmusic.(不要錯過在社區(qū)聚會上表演的當(dāng)?shù)厝?，以及通過舞蹈和音樂向旅行者講述國家歷史的專業(yè)舞者和音樂家。)”可知，旅行者在盧旺達(dá)可以欣賞當(dāng)?shù)厝说谋硌?。故選D。BIn1998,professionalmusicianSpielbergwaspregnant(懷孕的)withtwingirlswhenshesufferedcomplications.Anemergencycesarean(剖腹產(chǎn)手術(shù))wasperformedduringthe22ndweekofpregnancy.Sadly,oneofthetwinspassedaway,butValeriesurvived.Valeriewasbornweighingonly12ouncesandwasthesizeofacanofsoda.Shewassosmallthatshedidn’tmeetthehospital’sprematurebabyweightlimitnecessarytoreceivelife-savingtreatment.Akindnurseputafingeronthescaleandrecordedherweightat17ounces,justenoughtomakeherreceivemedicalsupport.Itwastouch-and-go.Tomakemattersworse,thehospitalwasveryloudandbusy.Spielbergthoughtitfeltmorelikeanemergencyroomthanahealingenvironment.Shewantedtodrownout(蓋過)thenoisesofthehospital.Shecouldn’tbringherpiano,sosheplayedCDsforherdaughter.Amazingly,Valerieimproved.Heroxygensaturationlevelsincreased,herbloodpressurestabilized,andherheart’srhythmbecamemoresteady.Thiswasn’tafluke—ithappenedagainandagainforfourmonths.Anditaffectedalloftheotherbabiesintheroomaswell.Valerie’shealthcontinuedtoimproveaftermonthsofmusicandmedicalattention.Havingseentheamazingimpactmusichadonherbaby,Spielbergbeganworkingwithmusictherapists.Shealsovolunteeredinnursinghomeswheresheonceinspiredasilentmantospeakwithmusic.Theelderlyman’swifehadpassedawayandthepainseemedtoomuchforhimtohandle.Hehadcuthimselfofffromtheworldandhadn’tspokenin6months.WhenSpielbergunknowinglyplayedhisweddingsong,themanbrokeoutofhisshell.Hebegansingingandthenaskedtospeakwithhisfamily.Spielbergisstillaprofessionalmusician.Andthesedaysshealsoteachesandspeakstoaudiencesaboutthemagicofmusic.HerdaughterValerie,nowahealthyandhappyyoungwoman,hasbecomeamusicianherself,playingboththepianoandpercussion.4.WhatdoweknowaboutValeriefromparagraph2?A.Shewasingreatdanger. B.Shewasadoptedbyanurse.C.Shewastoosmalltobeweighed. D.Shewasgivenupbythehospital.5.Theunderlinedword“fluke”inparagraph4referstosomethingthatoccurs.A.suddenly B.quickly C.accidentally D.regularly6.Whatcausedthemanmentionedinparagraph6tobesilentformonths?A.Anillness. B.Aninjury. C.Havingnofriends. D.Losinghiswife.7.WhatdoesthetextintendtoshowusthroughSpielberg’sexperiences?A.Thepowerofmusic. B.Thevalueofmusic.C.Hermusicallife. D.Hermusicaltalent.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.D7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述音樂對醫(yī)療方面的好處?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Valeriewasbornweighingonly12ouncesandwasthesizeofacanofsoda.Shewassosmallthatshedidn’tmeetthehospital’sprematurebabyweightlimitnecessarytoreceivelife-savingtreatment.Akindnurseputafingeronthescaleandrecordedherweightat17ounces,justenoughtomakeherreceivemedicalsupport.(瓦萊麗出生時體重只有12盎司，只有一罐蘇打水那么大。她太小了，沒有達(dá)到醫(yī)院規(guī)定的早產(chǎn)兒體重限制，無法接受挽救生命的治療。一位好心的護士把一根手指放在磅秤上，記錄下她的體重為17盎司，剛好足以讓她接受醫(yī)療支持)”可推知，瓦萊麗出生時體重很輕，有生命危險。故選A。【5題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Shecouldn’tbringherpiano,sosheplayedCDsforherdaughter.Amazingly,Valerieimproved.Heroxygensaturationlevelsincreased,herbloodpressurestabilized,andherheart’srhythmbecamemoresteady.Thiswasn’tafluke—ithappenedagainandagainforfourmonths.(她不能帶鋼琴，所以她給女兒播放CD。令人驚奇的是，瓦萊麗的情況改善了。她的血氧飽和度增加了，血壓穩(wěn)定了，心律也更穩(wěn)定了。這不是fluke——這種情況一次又一次地發(fā)生了四個月)”可知，這一段講述瓦萊麗的病情得到了改善，而且是一次又一次地發(fā)生了，所以不是偶然的意外事件，fluke的意思應(yīng)該是“意外的事件”，和選項C意思一致。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Theelderlyman’swifehadpassedawayandthepainseemedtoomuchforhimtohandle.Hehadcuthimselfofffromtheworldandhadn’tspokenin6months.(老人的妻子去世了，他的痛苦似乎太大了。他已經(jīng)與世界隔絕，6個月沒有說話了)”可知，失去妻子這件事使老人6個月沒有說話了。故選D。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Anditaffectedalloftheotherbabiesintheroomaswell.Valerie’shealthcontinuedtoimproveaftermonthsofmusicandmedicalattention.(它也影響了房間里的所有其他嬰兒。經(jīng)過數(shù)月的音樂和醫(yī)療護理，瓦萊麗的健康狀況持續(xù)改善)”和第六段“WhenSpielbergunknowinglyplayedhisweddingsong,themanbrokeoutofhisshell.Hebegansingingandthenaskedtospeakwithhisfamily.(當(dāng)斯皮爾伯格在不知情的情況下播放他的婚禮歌曲時，這個男人從他的殼里跳了出來。他開始唱歌，然后要求與家人交談)”可推知，這篇文章主要講述了音樂在醫(yī)學(xué)治療方面的好處。故選A。CGettingyourkidtobedatnightisoneofthemostdifficultthingsyou’lleverhavetodo.Mostkidsaresofullofenergythatthey’lltireyououtbeforethey’rehalfwaythroughtheirstoreofenergy.AneasywaytoencourageyourchildtogetintobedistogiveinandallowsomeiPadscreentime.However,asyou’veprobablyalreadyguessed,it’sreallynotagreatidea.ResearchersatArizonaStateUniversitycarriedoutastudywith547kidsbetweentheagesof7and9.Theirparentstrackedhowmuchscreentimethekidswereallowedalongwiththeirsleepingpatterns.Theyalsohadthekidswearwristwatchescalledactigraphsthatcouldhelpresearcherskeeptrackofhowlongthekidsweresleeping.Thestudyfoundthatkidswhodidnotengageinscreentimebeforebedsleptfor23moreminuteseveryweekandalsowenttosleepabout34minutesearlierthantheiriPad-usingcounterparts(同伴).Althoughthatmightnotseemlikesomuchmoretime,qualityofsleepisveryimportantinchildren’sdevelopment.The2018NationalYouthRiskBehaviorSurveyshowedthatgood-qualitysleepcaninfluenceachild’slifeinmanyways,includingaffectinggrades.Studentswithan“A”averagesleptfor30ormoreminutespernight(anaverageof6.71hours)thanthosewitha“D”or“F”average(averaging6.16hours).Ofcourse,gettingtosleepontimeandsleepingenoughhelpscontributetoimprovedperformanceinschool.Ashardasitis,it’sreallyimportantnottogiveinandhandoveraniPadtoachildwhoisabouttogotobed.Justlikeit’simportantforadultstogotosleepwithoutanydistractions(分心),it’sevenmoreimportantforkids.Theonecomfortingthoughtisthatfinallythey’lloutgrowthisstage,andsoonyou’llhavetoworryaboutwakingthemupasteenagers.8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Toexplainanidea. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tooffersomeadvice. D.Tosummarizethewholetext.9.Theresearchersfoundthatkids’usinganiPadbeforebed__________.A.affectedtheirhealthseriously B.contributedtotheirsleepinglateC.reducedtheirsleepingtimegreatly D.madenodifferencetotheirsleepingquality10.Whatdoesparagraph3focuson?A.Thebenefitsofqualitysleep. B.Theprocessofthesurvey.C.Thewaysofimprovinggrades. D.Thedifferentperformancesofstudents.11.What’stheauthor’sattitudetokids’screentimebeforebed?A.Unclear. B.Supportive. C.Doubtful. D.Negative.〖答案〗8.B9.B10.A11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——在睡前讓孩子花一些時間看iPad會影響孩子的睡眠質(zhì)量。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“AneasywaytoencourageyourchildtogetintobedistogiveinandallowsomeiPadscreentime.However,asyou’veprobablyalreadyguessed,it’sreallynotagreatidea.(鼓勵孩子上床睡覺的一個簡單方法是讓步，允許孩子花一些時間看iPad。然而，正如你可能已經(jīng)猜到的那樣，這真的不是一個好主意)”可推知，第一段的目的是引入主題。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段倒第二句“Thestudyfoundthatkidswhodidnotengageinscreentimebeforebedsleptfor23moreminuteseveryweekandalsowenttosleepabout34minutesearlierthantheiriPad-usingcounterparts(同伴).(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡前不看屏幕的孩子每周多睡23分鐘，而且比使用ipad的孩子早睡34分鐘)”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，孩子們睡前使用iPad會導(dǎo)致他們睡得晚。故選B?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“The2018NationalYouthRiskBehaviorSurveyshowedthatgood-qualitysleepcaninfluenceachild’slifeinmanyways,includingaffectinggrades.(2018年全國青少年風(fēng)險行為調(diào)查顯示，高質(zhì)量的睡眠可以在許多方面影響孩子的生活，包括影響成績)”可知，第三段主要是講高質(zhì)量睡眠的好處。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Ashardasitis,it’sreallyimportantnottogiveinandhandoveraniPadtoachildwhoisabouttogotobed.(雖然很難，但重要的是不要屈服，不要把iPad交給一個即將上床睡覺的孩子)”可推知，作者對孩子睡前看屏幕的態(tài)度是消極的。故選D。DScientistsinAustraliathoughttheyhaddevelopedanewtrackingdevicetohelpthemmonitormagpies(喜鵲),butthesebirdshadotherideas.Australianmagpiesaremedium-sizedblackandwhitebirdsfromthesamebird“family“ascrowsandbluejays.Theyareknowntobequiteclever.Theyliveingroupsofupto12birdsandworktogethertodefendtheareatheylivein.Thepurposeofthescientists’experimentwastolearnmoreabouthowfartheytraveleachdayandhowtheirsocialbehaviorsareinfluencedbysex,age,andrank.Besides,thescientistswereeagertotestthenewlydevelopedtrackingdevice.Mosttrackersaretoobigtofitonsmallandmediumsizedbirds,andsmalltrackerstendtobelimitedwhenitcomestodatastorage,batterylife,andreusability.Thenewtracker,weighinglessthan1gram,wasdesignedtoovercometheseproblems.Attachedtoabackpack-likeharness(背帶)whichcouldnotberemovedeasily,thedevicecanre-chargewirelesslyandtransmit(傳輸)datawirelessly.Thescientistsplacedtrackersonfivemagpiesusingtheirspecialharnesses.Thingsstartedtofallapartalmostimmediately.Within10minutesoffittingthefinaltracker,anadultfemalewithoutatrackertriedtoremovetheharnessfromayoungerbirdandeventuallysucceeded.Thispatternwasrepeatedinthefollowinghours,andbythethirddaynoneofthebirdshadtrackersanymore.Scientistsrefertothisas“rescuebehavior,”andithappenswhenahelpertriestofreeanotherindividualintroubleandwithnoobviousdirectbenefittotherescuingindividual.TheythinkthisisthefirsttimerescuebehaviorhasbeenreportedforAustralianmagpies.However,theyaren’tsureifthesameindividualremovedalloftheharnessesorifothersofferedhelp.Theteamdidn’tgetthedatatheywanted,buttheirexperimentstillproducedinterestingresults.That’showscienceworkssometimes.Thescientistsneedtotry,againtofigureoutagoodwaytotrackthesecleverbirds.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutAustralianmagpiesfromparagraph2?A.Theyoutsmartcrows. B.Theyaresocialspecies.C.Theyarerarelyspotted. D.Theylearnfromeachother.13.Whatisabigadvantageofthenewtrackingdevice?A.Itcanworkwithoutwires. B.Itcanbeappliedtoallbirds.C.Itdoesn’tcomeoffthebirds. D.Itdoesn’tneedtobere-charged.14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesapersonwith“rescuebehavior”?A.Polite. B.Brave. C.Honest. D.Selfless.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NewtrackingdevicesdisappointscientistsB.MagpiesprovetobeclevererthanscientistsC.MagpiesteachscientistsanunexpectedlessonD.Scienceexperimentsdon’talwaysgoasplanned〖答案〗12.B13.A14.D15.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，本文主要講述了澳大利亞科學(xué)家原本利用追蹤器了解喜鵲的運動習(xí)性，但是卻無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了喜鵲的“合作救援”行為?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theyliveingroupsofupto12birdsandworktogethertodefendtheareatheylivein.(它們生活在多達(dá)12只鳥的群體中，共同保衛(wèi)它們居住的地區(qū))”可知，喜鵲是群居物種。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Attachedtoabackpack-likeharness(背帶)whichcouldnotberemovedeasily,thedevicecanre-chargewirelesslyandtransmit(傳輸)datawirelessly.(該設(shè)備連接在背包狀的背帶上，不易拆卸，可以無線充電，無線傳輸數(shù)據(jù))”可知，新的追蹤設(shè)備有點是可以無線工作，故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Scientistsrefertothisas‘rescuebehavior,’andithappenswhenahelpertriestofreeanotherindividualintroubleandwithnoobviousdirectbenefittotherescuingindividual.(科學(xué)家把這種行為稱為‘救援行為’，當(dāng)一個幫助者試圖解救另一個陷入困境者，而對救援者沒有明顯的直接好處時，就會發(fā)生這種行為)”可知，“救援行為”是一個幫助者試圖解救另一個陷入困境者，而對救援者沒有直接的好處，由此推知這種行為是無私的，故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“TheythinkthisisthefirsttimerescuebehaviorhasbeenreportedforAustralianmagpies.(他們認(rèn)為這是第一次報道澳大利亞喜鵲的救援行為)”和最后一段中“Theteamdidn’tgetthedatatheywanted,buttheirexperimentstillproducedinterestingresults.(研究小組沒有得到他們想要的數(shù)據(jù)，但他們的實驗仍然產(chǎn)生了有趣的結(jié)果)”可知，本文主要說明了澳大利亞科學(xué)家原本利用追蹤器了解喜鵲的運動習(xí)性，但是卻無意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了喜鵲的“合作救援”行為。C項“喜鵲給科學(xué)家上了一堂意想不到的課”為最佳標(biāo)題，故選C。第二節(jié)(共S小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Weallknowthegoldenrule:treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Thisisanoldproverbwelearnfromanearlyage.___16___Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyoudosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,itmakesyoufeelbettertoo?Thisisn’tjustsomethingthathappensrandomly(隨機地).___17___Doingnicethingsforothersincreasesyourserotonin(血清素),whichisresponsibleforfeelingsofsatisfactionandwell-being.___18___Whilethereareseveralwaystoreduceanxiety,itturnsoutthatbeingnicetootherscanbeoneoftheeasiest,mostinexpensivewaystokeepanxietyatbay.UniversityofBritishColumbiaresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhoengagedinkindactsdisplayedsignificantincreasesinpositiveafct(積極情感)thatlastedoverthefourweeksoftheirstudy.So,thenexttimeyou’refeelinganxious,lookforopportunitiestohelpothers.Makingothersfeelgoodcan“warm”yourheart,sure—butbeingnicetootherscanalsoaffecttheactualchemicalbalanceofyourheart.Kindnessreleasesthehormoneoxytocinwhichreducesbloodpressureandthereforeprotectstheheart.___19___Maybethat’swhytheysaynice,caringpeoplehavereallybighearts.Kindnesscanhelpyoulivelonger.Youmaybeshakingyourheadatthisone,butthere’ssciencetobackitup.AccordingtoH,you’reatagreaterriskofheartdiseaseifyoudon’thaveastrongnetworkoffamilyandfriends.Whenyou’rekindtoothers,youdevelopstrong,meaningfulrelationshipsandfriendships.___20___A.Anxietyisanextremelycommonhumanexperience.B.Thisbehaviorcanhelpyouhandlestressfulsituations.C.Kindnessstrengthensyourheartphysicallyandemotionally.D.Ithassomethingtodowiththepleasurecentersinyourbrain.E.Besidesimprovingpersonalrelationships,kindnesscanmakeyouhealthier.F.So,makesomenewfriends,orexpandyourkindnesstotheonesyoualreadyhave.G.However,thereareanumberofreal-lifebenefitsconnectedwiththewaywetreatothers.〖答案〗16.G17.D18.A19.C20.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了對別人善良帶給自己的好處?！?6題詳析】上文“Weallknowthegoldenrule:treatothersthewayyouwanttobetreated.Thisisanoldproverbwelearnfromanearlyage.(我們都知道一條黃金法則：己所不欲，勿施于人。這是我們從小學(xué)到的一句古老諺語)”提到一句古老的諺語：己所不欲，勿施于人，下文講述了對別人好帶給自己的好處，G項“然而，在現(xiàn)實生活中，我們對待他人的方式會給我們帶來很多好處”符合語境，和上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文內(nèi)容，故選G?！?7題詳析】上文“Haveyouevernoticedthatwhenyoudosomethingniceforsomeoneelse,itmakesyoufeelbettertoo?Thisisn’tjustsomethingthathappensrandomly(隨機地).(你有沒有注意到，當(dāng)你為別人做一些好事時，你也會感覺更好？這不是隨機發(fā)生的事情)”提到，為別人做好事自己也會感覺更好，這不是隨機發(fā)生的事情，空處應(yīng)是對此進行科學(xué)解釋，D項“這與你大腦中的快樂中樞有關(guān)”符合語境，下文“Doingnicethingsforothersincreasesyourserotonin(血清素),whichisresponsible.forfeelingsofsatisfactionandwell-being.(為別人做好事會增加你的血清素，這是滿足感和幸福感的來源)”是對D項進一步解釋，故選D?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Whilethereareseveralwaystoreduceanxiety,itturnsoutthatbeingnicetootherscanbeoneoftheeasiest,mostinexpensivewaystokeepanxietyatbay.(雖然有幾種方法可以減少焦慮，但事實證明，善待他人是最簡單、最便宜的控制焦慮的方法之一)”可知，本段和焦慮有關(guān)，A項“焦慮是一種極其普遍的人類體驗”符合語境，故選A。【19題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Kindnessreleasesthehormoneoxytocinwhichreducesbloodpressureandthereforeprotectstheheart.(善良會釋放催產(chǎn)素，從而降低血壓，保護心臟)”以及下文“Maybethat’swhytheysaynice,caringpeoplehavereallybighearts.(也許這就是為什么人們說善良、有愛心的人都心胸寬廣)”可知，空處和上文并列，說明善良的好處，C項“善良在身體和情感上都能增強你的心靈”符合語境，故選C?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whenyou’rekindtoothers,youdevelopstrong,meaningfulrelationshipsandfriendships.(當(dāng)你善待他人時，你會建立起牢固而有意義的關(guān)系和友誼)”可知，對別人善良可以建立起有意義的關(guān)系和友誼，空處位于段末，是總結(jié)上文，F(xiàn)項“所以，交一些新朋友，或者把你的善意擴展到你已經(jīng)擁有的人身上”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用(共三節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。OfficerJoshuaScaglioneoftheWestland,MichiganPoliceDepartmentwasondutywhenhespottedDell’sImpaladrivingwithtinted(染色)windows.___21___hissiren(警笛)andflickingonthelights,hepulledthecarovertoaskaboutthe___22___windows.ItwasthenthatOfficerScaglione___23___3-year-oldLaureninthebackofthevehicle—andwithoutababycarseat.ThepoliceofficeraskedDellwhyhis3-year-olddaughterwasnot___24___inacarseat.Themanansweredashefoughtback___25___,explainingthatitwasduetosomehardtimes.DelltoldSeaglionehowfinancially(經(jīng)濟上)hehadbeen___26___tokeephishouseholdabovewater,andthatthingslikecarseatsweregivenalow___27___belownecessitieslikegasandfood.Theofficerlistened,ashetookpityonthemanwhoseemedtojustwantto___28___hisfamily.HethenaskedDelltofollowhimtothelocalWalmart,wherethepoliceofficer___29___andpaidforaseattogivetoDellandhisdaughter.___30___,DellpostedhisexperienceonFacebookinorderto___31___theofficerandhispostwentviralinthearea.“I’vebeenina___32___situationlikethisguybefore,”Scaglionesaid.“I___33___it’dbebettertohelphimoutandjustraisemore___34___aboutcarsafetyratherthangivehima___35___thatwoulddighimdeeperinaholeandmakethingsworseforhim.”21.A.Puttingdown B.Checkingout C.Settingup D.Turingon22.A.closed B.broken C.illegal D.wrong23.A.met B.saw C.recognized D.caught24.A.riding B.driving C.playing D.sleeping25.A.tears B.anger C.surprise D.worries26.A.preparingB.managing C.struggling D.expecting27.A.rating B.mark C.price D.priority28.A.impact B.support C.comfort D.save29.A.staredat B.pickedout C.liftedup D.saton30.A.Satisfied B.Astonished C.Touched D.Excited31.A.encourage B.pay C.contact D.thank32.A.boring B.dangerous C.tough D.special33.A.figured B.remembered C.discoveredD.admitted34.A.questions B.awareness C.doubts D.money35.A.fine B.lesson C.beating D.shock〖答案〗21.D22.C23.B24.A25.A26.C27.D28.B29.B30.C31.D32.C33.A34.B35.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，講述了密歇根州Westland市警察局的警官JoshuaScaglione幫助一位經(jīng)濟拮據(jù)的父親購買兒童座椅的故事。【21題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他打開警笛，打開車燈，把車停在路邊，詢問非法窗戶的情況。A.Puttingdown撲滅；B.Checkingout結(jié)賬離開；C.Settingup建立；D.Turingon打開。根據(jù)“flickingonthelights”及語境可知，JoshuaScaglione在執(zhí)勤時發(fā)現(xiàn)異常情況，故應(yīng)是打開警笛，故選D?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.closed關(guān)閉的；B.broken破碎的；C.illegal非法的；D.wrong錯誤的。根據(jù)上文“Dell’sImpaladrivingwithtinted(染色)windows”可知，Dell的車窗染了色，是非法的。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在那時，Scaglione警官看到3歲的Lauren坐在車后座上，而且沒有嬰兒安全座椅。A.met遇見；B.saw看見；C.recognized認(rèn)識，辨別出；D.caught抓捕。根據(jù)“3-year-oldLaureninthebackofthevehicle—andwithoutababycarseat”可知，此處是警官看到的情景，故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這位警察問Dell為什么他3歲的女兒沒有坐在汽車座椅上。A.riding騎，搭乘；B.driving駕駛；C.playing玩；D.sleeping睡覺。結(jié)合空后的“inacarseat”可知，此處指“坐在汽車座椅上”，用動詞ride，故選A?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個男人強忍著眼淚回答說，這是由于一些艱難的時期。A.tears眼淚；B.anger生氣；C.surprise驚訝；D.worries擔(dān)心。根據(jù)“explainingthatitwasduetosomehardtimes”可知，由于經(jīng)歷著艱難時期，他應(yīng)是強忍淚水。故選A。【26題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Dell告訴Seaglione，他在經(jīng)濟上是如何掙扎著讓他的家庭擺脫困境，而汽車座椅等東西的優(yōu)先級低于汽油和食物等必需品。A.preparing準(zhǔn)備；B.managing管理，設(shè)法完成；C.struggling努力，艱難地行進；D.expecting期待。結(jié)合上文“itwasduetosomehardtimes”可知，Dell在經(jīng)濟方面很艱難，故選C?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.rating等級；B.mark記號；C.price價格；D.priority優(yōu)先級，重點。結(jié)合語境及空后“belownecessitieslikegasandfood”可知，Dell在經(jīng)濟方面很拮據(jù)，此處指汽車座椅等物品的優(yōu)先級低于汽油和食品等必需品，故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：警官聽著，同情這個似乎只想養(yǎng)家糊口的人。A.impact影響；B.support支持，養(yǎng)活；C.comfort安慰；D.save挽救，節(jié)省。根據(jù)上文“DelltoldSeaglionehowfinancially(經(jīng)濟上)hehadbeen______tokeephishouseholdabovewater”可知，Dell努力養(yǎng)家糊口，故選B?！?9題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然后，他讓Dell跟著他去當(dāng)?shù)氐奈譅柆?，這位警察在那里為Dell和他的女兒挑選了一個座位，并付了錢。A.staredat凝視，盯著看；B.pickedout挑選；C.liftedup抬起，舉起；D.saton拖延。根據(jù)“paidforaseattogivetoDellandhisdaughter”可知，此處指挑選一個座椅并付了錢，故選B?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Dell深受感動，為了感謝這位警官，他把自己的經(jīng)歷發(fā)到了臉書上，他的帖子在當(dāng)?shù)丿倐?。A.Satisfied滿意的；B.Astonished驚訝的；C.Touched感動的；D.Excited興奮的，激動的。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，Scaglione為Dell的女兒買汽車座椅，Dell應(yīng)是深受感動，故選C。【31題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.encourage鼓勵；B.pay支付；C.contact聯(lián)系；D.thank感謝。根據(jù)語境及“DellpostedhisexperienceonFacebook”可知，Scaglione幫助了Dell，Dell把自己的經(jīng)歷發(fā)到了臉書上應(yīng)是為了感謝Scaglione，故選D?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“我以前遇到過像這個人一樣的困難情況，”Scaglione說。A.boring令人厭煩的；B.dangerous危險的；C.tough艱難的；D.special特殊的。根據(jù)“l(fā)ikethisguybefore”可知，Scaglione以前也像Dell一樣困難，故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我想最好是幫助他，提高他對汽車安全的認(rèn)識，而不是給他罰款，這會讓他越陷越深，讓事情變得更糟。A.figured認(rèn)為，認(rèn)定；B.remembered想起，記得；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.admitted承認(rèn)。結(jié)合“it’dbebettertohelphimout…”可知，此處指Scaglione認(rèn)為最好是幫助他，而不是罰款，故選A。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.questions問題；B.awareness意識；C.doubts懷疑；D.money錢。根據(jù)“aboutcarsafety”和語境可知，給Dell買安全座椅是為了提高他的安全意識，故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.fine罰款；B.lesson功課，教訓(xùn)；C.beating慘?。籇.shock震驚。根據(jù)語境及空后“thatwoulddighimdeeperinaholeandmakethingsworseforhim”可知，Dell有一些違反交通規(guī)則之處，讓事情變得更糟糕的是對他罰款，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1分，滿分5分)根據(jù)首字母〖提示〗或漢語意思，在句子的空白處寫出各單詞的完全形式。36.Don’tforgettoa________astamptotheenvelopebeforeyoumailit.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)〖答案〗attach/ttach【詳析】考查動詞和動詞不定式。句意：別忘了在信封上貼郵票再寄出去。根據(jù)“astamptotheenvelope”和首字母a可知，此處是指在信封上貼郵票，所以應(yīng)用動詞attach表示“貼”。forgettodo意為“忘記做某事”，用todo不定式作賓語。故填attach。37.Havingknownhersonreturnedhomesafeandsound,shesighedwithr____