浙江省浙南名校聯(lián)盟2025屆高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考（10月）英語試題 含解析

2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期浙南名校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考高三英語試題本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)。滿分150分,考試用時120分鐘?？忌氈?1.本卷滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘;2.答題前,在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫學(xué)校、班級、姓名、試場號、座位號及準考證號;3.所有答案必須寫在答題卷上,寫在試卷上無效;4.考試結(jié)束后,只需上交答題卷。第I卷(選擇題共95分)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whyaretheorangescheap?A.Theytastebad. B.They’reoutofdate. C.Therearefewcustomers.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Theseorangesaresocheap.Aren’ttheyfreshorsomething?M:They’retotallyfreshandtheytasteamazing.Theschoolkidsusuallybuyalotbuttheschoolsareclosedthisweek.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanwantinhiscoffee?A.Cream. B.Sugar. C.Milk.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.Howdoyoulikeyourcoffee,sir?Anycreamormilk?M:No,justblack,withatouchofsugar.I’llalsohaveaglassofwater.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anewmedicine. B.Seniorcare. C.Happymemories.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Thereisanewdrugthatmaypreventoldpeoplefromlosingtheirmemories.W:Thatwouldbegreat.Forgettingthingsisagreatproblemfortheelderly.Thisdiscoverycouldbeveryimportant.M:Yes.Idon’twanttoloseallmyhappymemorieswhenI’mold.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whichroaddoesthemanusuallytaketogettowork?A.HighStreet. B.BellLane. C.FieldStreet.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ohno,highstreetisclosedforthenextsixweeks.HowwillIgettowork?W:You’llhavetogothelongwayround.Alongfieldstreet,thendownBellLane.M:IgothatwaywhenIgotothestation.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatwillthewomandonextprobably?A.Havearest. B.Washtheplates. C.Cleanthefloor.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Okay,Ihavecleanedoutthecupboards,washedthedishes,wipedthetableandcleanthewindows.M:Welldone!Nowsitdownandrelax.W:No,Ineedyoutomoveyourchair.Thefloorisverydirty.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatkindofbooksisthemaninterestedin?A.Nature. B.Fiction. C.History.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Writerandreader. B.Librarianandborrower. C.Bookstoreownerandemployee.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:DoyouhaveanybooksonthebirdsofChina?W:Ifwedo,theywillbeonthefarshelf.M:AlsoI’mlookingforbooksonanimalsandtrees.W:Againthereshouldbeagoodselectiononthatshelf.It’stheonenexttothefictionandhistorysections.M:Thankyou.HowlongamIallowedtokeepthem?W:Youcantakethreebooksatatime.Youneedtorenewthemifyoukeepthemforoverthreeweeks.M:You’vebeenveryhelpful.I’mhopingtofindsomethingwrittenbymyfavoritewriters.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Worried. B.Regretful. C.Disappointed9.Whendidthewoman’sproblemstart?A.Yesterday. B.Aweekago. C.Monthsago.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?M:No,aladyhasjustgonein.IthinkI’mthenextone.I’mjusthavingacheckup.W:Ohluckyyou.I’mhavingatoothout.M:Ohno,youhavemysympathy.Doesithurt?W:Itdoes.Itneedstobepulledout.AndI’mscared.Ihatetheseplaces.M:Oh,it’snothingtoworryabout.Itwon’tbepainful.Hasitbeenhurtingforlong?W:Ifirstfeltthepainsevendaysago.Itjustgotgraduallyworse.Thenyesterday,itwashardtobearsoImadeanappointment.M:Iknowwhatit’slike.Whenthingshurtsomuch,youwilldoanythingtostopthem.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whenwillthewomanbeabletoleave?A.At7:00a.m. B.At7:00p.m. C.At12:00p.m.11.What’sthewoman’sdestination?A.Spain. B.France. C.Britain.12.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inacarpark. B.Inashop. C.Inanairport.【答案】10.B11.C12.C【解析】【原文】W:OhIamsostupid.M:What’sthematter?W:Imissedmyflight.Itleftat7amandthenextonewon’tleaveuntiltonight.Theyleaveevery12hours.M:Howdidthathappen?W:IchangedmywatchfromSpanishtimetoBritishtime,soitwillberightwhenIgetthere.ButtroubleisthatIforgotI’ddonethat.M:Oh,that’sbad.I’mofftoFrancebutIhaven’tchangedmywatch.Iusedmyphonetotellthetime.W:Ileftmyphoneinmycarinthecarpark.Thisisn’tmyday,isit?WhatshallIdoforthenexttwelvehours?M:Readabook.Maybeyoucouldbuyoneinoneoftheshops.W:Lookslikethatmightbethebestidea.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.Wheredidthespeakersmeetfirst?A.Inuniversity. B.Inprimaryschool. C.Insecondaryschool.14.Whatkindofworkisthewomanseeking?A.Cooking. B.Sales. C.Computerscience.15.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Getajob. B.Stayatuniversity. C.Travelaroundtheworld.16.Whohaslostcontactwiththespeakers?A.Gary. B.Lucy. C.Stewart.【答案】13.B14.C15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Isn’titamazingthatwearestillfriends?M:Yeah,welikethesamethings,don’twe?W:Yes,howmanypeoplewhogottoknoweachotheratprimaryschoolstillremainfriendswhentheyleaveuniversity?M:Isupposeitisunusualespeciallywhenwedidn’tgotothesamesecondaryschool.W:Yesandnowit’stimetostartourworkinglives.DidItellyouIhaveaninterviewwithacomputercompany?M:Isthistheonethatmakesartificialintelligencesoftware?W:No,thisonemakescomputerchips.Ihaven’theardfromtheotheroneyet.M:Haveyoueverheardfromanyofourotherfriends?W:IknowGaryishavingagapyeartoseetheworldLucyisworkingforaforeigntradecompany.Don’tyouwanttolookforajob?M:I’mgoingtostayonanddomymastersbeforeIlookforanything.W:OhIcan’tsayI’llmissuniversity.Tryingtocookinakitchenwithfiveotherpeople.Thatsortofthing.M:Idon’tmindthatsomuch.DoyourememberStewartsattemptsatcooking?W:Ha-hayes,whateverhappenedtohim.M:That’sagoodquestion.Ihaven’taclue.Afteruniversityhejustseemedtodisappearintothinair.W:Wemusttrytotrackhimdownsometime.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.WhatproblemdoesJohnhave?A.Hecan’tread. B.Hecan’tspeak. C.Hecan’thear.18.HowdidJohndealwithhisproblemwhenhewasatschool?A.Heignoredit. B.Hekeptitasecret. C.Heaskedforhelp.19.WhathappenedtoJohnwhenhewas25yearsold?A.Hegotmarried. B.Hewonaprize. C.Hebecameashopowner.20.WhichnewspaperdoesJohnhaveaproblemwith?A.DailyMirror. B.DailyMail. C.TheTimes.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.C【解析】【原文】For35years,therichandfamouscametoJohnHarding’sLondonshoptogettheirhairstyled.Hisfamouscustomersdidn’tknowJohn’ssecretbuttheynoticeherarelyansweredthephone.That’sbecauseifhedid,hemightneedtochecktheappointmentbookorwritesomethingdown.AndthatwasaproblembecauseJohnwasunabletoread.Johngrewupinapoorarea.Atschool,hewasintheworstclass.Hetriedtohidehisreadingproblemaswellashecould.At16,hetookajobatahairshop.Hewenttoschoolintheeveningstolearnhowtocuthairandhewonprizesforhisskilllater.ThenhewasofferedajobatahighclassshopandtherehemethiswifeHeather.ShebecameoneofthefewpeoplewhoknewJohn’ssecret.Shehelpedhimwhenreadingwasrequired.Aged25,Johnsuccessfullyopentheshopwherehewouldstayfor35years,buthestillhasthereadingproblem.Atrestaurants,hecouldn’treadthemenu8yearsago.John’swifediedafter50yearsofmarriage.Withoutherhelp,Johndecidedtotryagaintolearn.Hejoinedagroupthatusesvolunteerstoteachadults.JohnnowreadsnewspaperslikeDailyMirrorandDailyMail,becausetheTimesistoodifficult.Johnsaysthere’sashortageofvolunteerstoteachreading.Howdoesheknow?Hereaditinanewspaper.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AMostofuscouldbenefitfromwashingourbeddingmoreoften.Sheets,pillowcases,andmattressescanharbordirt,germsandallergens(過敏原)thataffectourskinandoverallhealth.Butwhat’sthesweetspotforwashingfrequency?Ourwebsiteaskedexpertstosharetheirpreferredintervals(間隔)andtipsonhowtodoitwell.PillowcasesPillowcasesarethelandingpadforyourskin,hairandalltheoilsanddirtcarriedwiththem.Itisrecommendedthatpillowcasesshouldbewashedatleastonceaweek.Peoplewhohavesensitiveskinorallergiesoftenbenefitfromamorefrequentroutine,likeeverythreetofourdays.Tohelpcleancaseslastlonger,showerbeforebed.Anddon’tforgetyourpillows:washingthemonceperseasonisthesweetspot.SheetsAtaminimum,youshouldwashyoursheetsonceaweek.Butavarietyoffactorscallformorefrequentwashing.Oneisthesummerheat,sincesweat“canleadtobacteriaandodoronoursheets.”Plus,allergenslikepollencantravelinsidewithyou,sowashingmorefrequentlycanhelpreducesymptoms.MattressesEverytimeyoustripthebedding,letthemattressbreatheforabitratherthanimmediatelyputtingonanewsetofsheets.“Leaveitforafewhourswithsomewindowsopen.”Stillairandcoveredmattressesencouragedustmitesandallergenstothrive.Vacuum(用吸塵器吸)ittwotothreetimesayear.Ifitsmells,sprinkleonathinlayerofbakingsoda,letitsitforafewhours.Andthenvacuumitup.21.Whichofthefollowingbeddingisadvisedtobecleanedonceperseason?A.Pillowcases. B.Pillows. C.Sheets. D.Mattresses.22.Whichisaproperwaytocleanthemattress?A.Exposingittofreshairforafewminutes.B.Vacuumingitupbeforesprayingbakingsoda.C.Removingthebeddingandleavingitforawhile.D.Placingnewsheetsinstantlywhenmakingthebed.23.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Alifestylewebsite. B.Ahealthmagazine. C.Amedicaljournal. D.Aproducthandbook.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講的是如何清洗床單、枕套和床墊的建議?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Pillowcases部分的“Anddon’tforgetyourpillows:washingthemonceperseasonisthesweetspot.(別忘了你的枕頭：每個季節(jié)洗一次是最好的。)”可知，建議每季清洗一次的是枕頭。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mattresses部分“Everytimeyoustripthebedding,letthemattressbreatheforabitratherthanimmediatelyputtingonanewsetofsheets.(每次剝下被褥時，讓床墊呼吸一會兒，而不是立即換上一套新被褥。)”可知，清潔床墊的正確方法是把床上用品拿走，放一會兒。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Mostofuscouldbenefitfromwashingourbeddingmoreoften.Sheets,pillowcases,andmattressescanharbordirt,germsandallergens(過敏原)thataffectourskinandoverallhealth.Butwhat’sthesweetspotforwashingfrequency?Ourwebsiteaskedexpertstosharetheirpreferredintervals(間隔)andtipsonhowtodoitwell.(經(jīng)常洗床上用品對我們大多數(shù)人都有好處。床單、枕套和床墊會藏有污垢、細菌和過敏原，影響我們的皮膚和整體健康。但洗滌頻率的最佳點是什么呢？我們的網(wǎng)站邀請專家分享他們喜歡的間隔時間以及如何做好的建議。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是如何清洗床單、枕套和床墊，因此可能來自于一個生活方式網(wǎng)站。故選A。BOverthedecades,YasmeenLari,Pakistan’sfirstfemalearchitect,haswonmuchrecognitionasanarchitectandenvironmentalist.WhenLariwasyoung,shehadanunconventionalupbringing.Herfatherwasaprogressivecivilserviceofficerwhooftentalkedaboutthehousingcrisisandneedforarchitects,whichimpressedLarigreatly.Atage17,shewasadmittedtothearchitectureschoolatOxfordBrookesUniversityasoneofonlyfivewomenintheclass.Aftergraduation,asherbuildingsrose,Lari’srenowngrew.Sheheldseniorpositionsinnationalandinternationalarchitecturalgroups.“Itwasaveryheadyexperience,”shesays.Yetshefoundwaystostaygrounded.Soonthediscomfortwithcommercialprojectsgrewinher—withtheircreativefreedom,largebudgetsandluxuriousmaterials.Shecouldnolongerjustifyfashioningbuildingsoutofunsustainablematerialswhenmillionshadlimitedaccesstohousing,sanitation(公共衛(wèi)生)andwater.“Architectscannolongerworkforjusttheonepercent,”shesays,“Thatdoesn’tallowthemtoservehumanityasmuchastheycould.”In2013,whenLariwasgivingatourofavillagethathadbeenrebuiltafterdestructivefloods,shewatchedthevillagersshowoffthebuildingsshehaddesigned.“Ouroldbuildingsusedtoleakwhenitrained,butthesestaydryinside,”onevillagertoldLari.Pakistan’slocationandmeltingglaciersplaceitwithinthetoptencountriesmostimpactedbyclimatechange.Lari’sshelters,madewithlocalsustainablematerialssuchasbamboo,mudandlime,canbetterwithstanddisasters.Herinsistenceonlow-cost,zero-wasteandzero-carbonbuildingsreflectshercommitmenttotheplanet.Atage83,YasmeenLariisstillworkingonzero-carbondesignsandself-sustainingvillages.WhensheacceptedtheRoyalInstituteofBritishArchitectsGoldMedal,shesaid,thehonour“hasstrengthenedmymission”.24.WhatmadeLaritakeaninterestinarchitecture?A.Shortageoffemalearchitects. B.Traditionalparentingvalues.C.Herfather’sinfluenceinchildhood. D.Admissiontoanarchitectureschool.25.WhichstatementaboutarchitectsmayLariagreewith?A.Theyshouldcenteronthewell-beingofthegeneralpublic.B.Theyshouldspendmillionsofdollarsinfashioningbuildings.C.Theyshouldbeahundredpercentcommittedtotheirmission.D.Theyshoulduseluxuriousmaterialstodisplaytheircreativity.26.WhatdidthevillagerthinkofthehousedesignedbyLari?A.Cost-effective. B.Material-saving. C.Water-proof. D.Eco-friendly.27.WhatwashermissionaccordingtoLari?A.Tocallforzero-carbonlifestyles.B.Tohelppoorpeoplebuildhouses.C.Todevelopsustainableconstructionmaterials.D.Toconstructenvironmentally-friendlybuildings.【答案】24.C25.A26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是巴基斯坦首位女性建筑師YasmeenLari的成就與貢獻?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Herfatherwasaprogressivecivilserviceofficerwhooftentalkedaboutthehousingcrisisandneedforarchitects,whichimpressedLarigreatly.(她的父親是一位進步的公務(wù)員，經(jīng)常談?wù)撟》课C和對建筑師的需求，這給Lari留下了深刻的印象。)”可知，讓Lari對建筑產(chǎn)生了興趣的是她父親在她童年對她的影響。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Architectscannolongerworkforjusttheonepercent,”shesays,“Thatdoesn’tallowthemtoservehumanityasmuchastheycould.”(“建筑師不能再只為那1%的人工作了，”她說，“這讓他們無法盡其所能為人類服務(wù)?！?”可知，Lari可能同意的說法是他們應(yīng)該以公眾的福祉為中心。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段““Ouroldbuildingsusedtoleakwhenitrained,butthesestaydryinside,”onevillagertoldLari.(一位村民告訴Lari：“以前下雨時，我們的老房子會漏水，但這些房子里面是干燥的?！?”可知，村民認為Lari設(shè)計的房子是防水的。故選C。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Herinsistenceonlow-cost,zero-wasteandzero-carbonbuildingsreflectshercommitmenttotheplanet.(她對低成本、零浪費和零碳建筑的堅持反映了她對地球的承諾。)”可知，Lari說她的使命是建設(shè)環(huán)保建筑。故選D。CFromtheswingingrhythmsofthe1950stotheautotunedhooksoftoday,popmusichasundergonearemarkabletransformation.Butwhatexactlyhaschanged,andhowcanwemeasureit?Researchersidentifytwomajor“melodic(旋律的)revolutions”inpopmusichistory:onein1975andanotherin2000.Theseturningpointsmarksignificantshiftsinthestructureandcomplexityofhitmelodies.Interestingly,thesemusicalmilestonesaren’tperfectlyinlinewiththerevolutionsinharmonyandtonecolor,suggestingthatdifferentaspectsofmusicmayevolveatdifferentrates.Duringtheserevolutions,melodieshavegenerallybecomesimpler,bothintermsofpitch(音高)andrhythm.Modernpophitstendtouseasmallerrangeofnotesandsimplerrhythmicpatternscomparedtothosefromthe1950sand60s.Atthesametime,therewasadramaticincreasein“notedensity”—thenumberofnotessqueezedintoeachsecondofmusic.Thismeansthatwhiletoday’spopmelodiesmightbesimplerinstructure,they’reoftendeliveredmorerapidly,creatingasenseofenergyandurgencythatwasn’tascommoninearlierdecades.Thereareseveralinterestingpossibilitiesforwhatishappening.Onetheorysuggeststhatasotheraspectsofmusicproduction—likecomplexelectronicbeatsandrichlylayeredinstrumentation—havebecomemoresophisticated,melodieshavehadtosimplifytomaintainabalance.Anotherexplanationpointstothechanginglandscapeofmusicconsumption.Inaneraofstreamingandsocialmedia,wherelistenerscanskiptothenextsonginseconds,theremaybemorepressuretocreatetunesthatgrabattentioninstantly.Thiscouldfavorsimpler,morerepetitivemelodiesthatareeasytorememberandsingalongto.Relationshipsbetweendifferentmusicalfeatureshavealsobecomestrongerinrecentyears.Forexample,inpost-2000pophits,melodieswithmorenotespersecondtendtobelesscomplexintermsofpitchvariety.Thissuggeststhatmodernpopsongwritingmaybefollowingstricterpatternsthaninthepast.28.Whatchangehastakenplaceinpopmusicovertheyears?A.Densernotes. B.Biggerrangeofpitch.C.Morecomplexrhythms. D.Morediversetonecolors.29.Whichofthefollowingmaycontributetotherevolutionofpopmusic?A.Thedifficultyincreatingcatchiertunes.B.Theconventionalpatternstoenjoymusic.C.Theconvenienceofswitchingbetweensongs.D.Theneedtobalanceincreasinglyintensebeats.30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Popsongwritingmightbemoreflexibleinthepast.B.Modernpopmusicprioritizessimplicityinmelody.C.Post-2000pophitsfeaturecomplexityinpitchvariety.D.Relationshipsbetweenmusicalelementsareinvariable.31.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toproveaviewpoint. B.Toremovesomedoubts.C.Toillustrateaprinciple. D.Toanalyzeaphenomenon.【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了流行音樂經(jīng)歷了一個熱門旋律的結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)雜性的重大轉(zhuǎn)變，本文介紹了轉(zhuǎn)變的具體方面并分析其原因?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Atthesametime,therewasadramaticincreasein“notedensity”—thenumberofnotessqueezedintoeachsecondofmusic.(與此同時，“音符密度”——音樂中每一秒鐘的音符數(shù)量——也有了戲劇性的增加。)”可知，多年來，流行音樂中高密度音符發(fā)生了變化。故選A。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Anotherexplanationpointstothechanginglandscapeofmusicconsumption.Inaneraofstreamingandsocialmedia,wherelistenerscanskiptothenextsonginseconds,theremaybemorepressuretocreatetunesthatgrabattentioninstantly.(另一種解釋指出了音樂消費格局的變化。在一個流媒體和社交媒體的時代，聽眾可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)跳到下一首歌曲，創(chuàng)作出能夠立即吸引注意力的曲調(diào)可能會有更大的壓力。)”可知，在歌曲之間切換的便利可能導(dǎo)致流行音樂的革命。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Forexample,inpost-2000pophits,melodieswithmorenotespersecondtendtobelesscomplexintermsofpitchvariety.(例如，在2000年后的流行歌曲中，每秒音符更多的旋律在音高變化方面往往不那么復(fù)雜。)”可知，現(xiàn)代流行音樂注重旋律的簡潔。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Fromtheswingingrhythmsofthe1950stotheautotunedhooksoftoday,popmusichasundergonearemarkabletransformation.Butwhatexactlyhaschanged,andhowcanwemeasureit?(從20世紀50年代的搖擺節(jié)奏到今天的自動調(diào)音掛鉤，流行音樂經(jīng)歷了一個顯著的轉(zhuǎn)變。但究竟是什么發(fā)生了變化，我們又該如何衡量呢?)”以及后文對流行音樂經(jīng)歷的一個熱門旋律的結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)雜性的重大轉(zhuǎn)變的具體方面和原因進行介紹和分析?？芍?，文章對這種現(xiàn)象進行了分析。故選D。DTippingpoints,alsoknownascriticaltransitions(轉(zhuǎn)變),aremathematicalcliff-edgesinfluencingeverythinginourlife.Thefinancialcrisisof2007-09isoftendescribedasone.Soisthemomentthatcovid-19wentglobal.Anyonecanspotatippingpointafterit’sbeencrossed.Butitisextremelydifficulttospotthembeforetheyhappen.ComputerscientistsinChinanowshowthatartificialintelligence(AI)canhelp.Inarecentstudy,theresearchersaccuratelypredictedthebeginningoftippingpointsincomplicatedsystemswiththehelpofmachine-learningalgorithms(算法).Itcouldhelpsolvereal-worldproblems,suchaspredictingfloodsandpowerfailure.Tosimplifytheircalculations,theteamreducedallsuchproblemstoonestakingplacewithinalargenetworkofinteractingnodes(節(jié)點),theindividualelementswithinalargesystem.Inafinancialsystem,forexample,anodemightrepresentacompany.Theteamthendesignedtwoartificialneural(神經(jīng)的)networkstoanalyzesuchsystems.Totraintheirmodel,theresearchersfirstlyturnedtosimplifiedtheoreticalsystemsinwhichtippingpointsareknowntooccur.Oncethemodelcouldpredictthesetransitions,itwasappliedtothereal-worldproblemofhowtropicalforeststurntosavannah(稀樹草原).ThishashappenedmanytimesonEarth,butthedetailsremainmysterious.TheresearchersfirstanalyzedthedatafromthreecentralAfricanregionsinthepast20yearsandidentifiedthetippingpoints.Theythenwantedtoseeiftrainingtheiralgorithmondatafromtwooftheseregionscouldenableittocorrectlypredictatransitionpointinthethird.Itcould.Theteamthenaskedthealgorithmtoidentifytheconditionsthatdrovetheshift.Theanswerwas,asexpected,downtoannualrainfall.ButtheAIwasabletogofurther.TheAIdetailedthataslightdecreaseinrainfallfrom1,800mmto1,630mmledtoaminor5%dropintreecover,butafurtherdecreaseto1,620mmcausedasignificant30%drop.Thiswouldbeatextbookcriticaltransition.Andbypredictingitfromtherawdata,theresearcherssaytheyhavebrokennewgroundinthisfield.TheteamarenowtryingtodiscoverwhatspecificfeaturestheAlidentifiestomakethesepredictions,whichcouldhelpbetterpredicteverythingfrominfectiousoutbreakstothenextstockmarketcrash.32.Howdidtheteamsimplifythecalculations?A.Bylimitingtheproblemswithinalargenetwork.B.Byfocusingontheindividualelementsinanetwork.C.Bytransformingtheproblemsintoonesinanetwork.D.Byreducingthenumberofproblemsineachnetwork.33.WhywasthealgorithmtrainedondatafromtwocentralAfricanregions?A.Toimproveitsabilityofprediction. B.Tocheckitsanalysisofthedata.C.Toperfectitssolutionstoproblems. D.Totesttheaccuracyofitsprediction.34.WhatbreakthroughdidtheAImakeinthestudy?A.Itrevealedtheideathattippingpointsarepredictable.B.Itidentifiedacriticaltransitionpointinthetreecover.C.Itconfirmedprevioustheoriesaboutrainfallandtreecover.D.ItpredictedthefutureexpansionofsavannahsincentralAfrica.35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?ATheAnalysisofRainfall:AIandTreeCoverB.SpottingTippingPoints:ABigChallengeforAIC.MachineLearning:PredictingCriticalMomentD.CriticalTransitions:TheKeytoMakingPredictions【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是中國計算機科學(xué)家如何利用人工智能技術(shù)（AI）來預(yù)測復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中的臨界點（或稱為關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)折點），這些臨界點對我們的生活有著重大影響。【32題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Tosimplifytheircalculations,theteamreducedallsuchproblemstoonestakingplacewithinalargenetworkofinteractingnodes(節(jié)點),theindividualelementswithinalargesystem.(為了簡化他們的計算，該團隊將所有這些問題簡化為發(fā)生在一個大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)中相互作用的節(jié)點，即一個大系統(tǒng)中的單個元素。)”可知，研究小組通過將問題轉(zhuǎn)化為網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的問題來簡化計算。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“TheresearchersfirstanalyzedthedatafromthreecentralAfricanregionsinthepast20yearsandidentifiedthetippingpoints.Theythenwantedtoseeiftrainingtheiralgorithmondatafromtwooftheseregionscouldenableittocorrectlypredictatransitionpointinthethird.Itcould.(研究人員首先分析了過去20年中非三個地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)，并確定了引爆點。然后，他們想看看在其中兩個區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)上訓(xùn)練他們的算法是否能使其正確預(yù)測第三個區(qū)域的過渡點。它可以。)”可知，算法要在兩個中非地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù)上進行訓(xùn)練是為了測試它預(yù)測的準確性。故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheAIdetailedthataslightdecreaseinrainfallfrom1,800mmto1,630mmledtoaminor5%dropintreecover,butafurtherdecreaseto1,620mmcausedasignificant30%drop.Thiswouldbeatextbookcriticaltransition.(人工智能詳細說明，降雨量從1800毫米輕微減少到1630毫米，導(dǎo)致樹木覆蓋面積輕微下降5%，但進一步減少到1620毫米，導(dǎo)致樹木覆蓋面積顯著下降30%。這將是一個教科書式的關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)變。)”可知，人工智能在研究中取得的突破是確定了樹木覆蓋的一個關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)折點。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Inarecentstudy,theresearchersaccuratelypredictedthebeginningoftippingpointsincomplicatedsystemswiththehelpofmachine-learningalgorithms(算法).(在最近的一項研究中，研究人員在機器學(xué)習(xí)算法的幫助下，準確地預(yù)測了復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中臨界點的開始。)”可知，本文主要講的是中國計算機科學(xué)家如何利用人工智能技術(shù)（AI）來預(yù)測復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中的臨界點（或稱為關(guān)鍵轉(zhuǎn)折點），這些臨界點對我們的生活有著重大影響，因此最好的題目是C選項“MachineLearning:PredictingCriticalMoment(機器學(xué)習(xí)：預(yù)測關(guān)鍵時刻)”。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項Holidaysabroadareeasierthaneverthankstosmartphones.Withtheautumnweatherfastapproaching,it’stheperfecttimeofyeartojetoffandgetawayfromhustlesandbustles.____36____Herearesometoptipstomakesureyou’renotcaughtoutonyourbreakabroad.TreatyourselftoapowerbankThebatteriesinsideourphonesaretypicallydesignedtolastforaroundadayofmoderateusage.____37____Soyou’regoingtowantsomeextrasupportsoyoudon’tendupgoingAWOL(absentwithoutleave)whenyourphonedies.That’swhyIrecommendpickingupaUSBpowerbank,whichwillgiveyoualittlebitofextrajuicetokeepyouconnectedtotherestoftheworld.EnableDataroaming(漫游)____38____Thegoodnewsisthatitiseasierthanevertostayconnectedtothenetwhenabroad.Makesureyoucheckwithyournetworkproviderwhatyourroamingplanis.InmanycountriesitisstraightforwardtobuyaSIMcardforalocalnetwork,withamuchmoregenerousdataallowance.____39____Ifyou’vegotanewerphone,itwillprobablysupport“eSIM”—whereyoucansimplyuseanapplikeHolaflyorAiralowhileconnectedtowifitosetyourselfuponanewnetworktemporarily.DownloadofflineapplicationsoftwareAndfinally,youneedtogetyourappsinorder.Onceyoureachyourdestinationyou’llneedamappingapp,andmaybeevenatranslationapp—AppleandGooglemaketheirownversionofboth.Andmoderntranslationappsareparticularlyexciting.____40____Thenyougetacleartranslation.Makesurethatallofthecriticaldataisdownloadedsothatappsworkofflineandyoucantraveltheworldlikealocal.Bonvoyage!A.WhatgoodisaphonewithoutInternetaccess?B.Yousimplywaveyourphoneatthescannerinstead.C.Infact,youmaynotevenneedaphysicalcardanymore.D.Whydoyouneedtogetyourphonereadytobeconnected?E.Butwhenyou’reawayfromhome,you’reprobablyusingitsomuchmore.F.Youcantypicallyjustwavethecameraofyourphoneoverprettymuchanything.G.Butbeforeleavingfortheairport,ensureyourphoneisreadyforthejourneyahead!【答案】36.G37.E38.A39.C40.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述外出旅游充分利用自己的手機的一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Withtheautumnweatherfastapproaching,it’stheperfecttimeofyeartojetoffandgetawayfromhustlesandbustles.(隨著秋季天氣的迅速臨近，這是一年中最適合乘坐飛機遠離喧囂的時間)”以及后句“Herearesometoptipstomakesureyou’renotcaughtoutonyourbreakabroad.(這里有一些重要的建議，以確保你在國外度假時不會被困住)”以及后文對外出游玩如何充分利用手機的建議，可知設(shè)空處承上啟下，G項：Butbeforeleavingfortheairport,ensureyourphoneisreadyforthejourneyahead!(但在出發(fā)去機場之前，確保你的手機準備好了！)合乎題意。故選G?！?7題詳解】本段的段落主題為“Treatyourselftoapowerbank(給自己一個充電寶)”根據(jù)后文“Soyou’regoingtowantsomeextrasupportsoyoudon’tendupgoingAWOL(absentwithoutleave)whenyourphonedies.(所以你需要一些額外的支持，這樣你就不會在手機沒電的時候無故缺席。)”可知，設(shè)空處為需要額外的支持的原因，E項：Butwhenyou’reawayfromhome,you’reprobablyusingitsomuchmore.(但是當你不在家的時候，你可能會更頻繁地使用它。)說明當不在家的時候，可能會更頻繁地使用手機，因此需要充電給自己一個充電寶。故選E。【38題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thegoodnewsisthatitiseasierthanevertostayconnectedt