Unit5AdelicateWorld知識點梳理清單高中英語選擇性

高中英語選擇性必修第二冊Unit5AdelicateWorld知識點梳理核心詞匯1.appetiten．胃口，食欲；強烈欲望【單句語法填空】Warmcolourslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetising(appetite)，whilecoldcoloursmakeusfeellesshungry.MrBlackhasdevelopedanappetiteforChinesefood.Toomuchanxietycanresultinsleeplessnessandloss(lose)ofappetite.【補全句子】（4）Don'teatthatcakenow;you'llspoilyourappetite.現(xiàn)在別吃那塊蛋糕；你會倒胃口的?！疽c歸納】developanappetitefor對……產(chǎn)生食欲haveanappetitefor對……有興趣/欲望havenoappetitefor對……沒有興趣/欲望lossofappetite食欲不振spoilone'sappetite影響胃口appetisingadj.開胃的；引起食欲的2.decreasev．(使)變小，(使)減少n．減少，降低；減少量【單句語法填空】Thenumberofindependentfirmsdecreasedfrom198to96.Thisspeciesofbirdisdecreasinginnumbereveryyear.Thepriceofwheatdecreasedby15%lastyear.【翻譯句子】（4）隨著交通狀況的改善，交通事故的數(shù)量在減少。Withthetrafficimproving,thenumberofaccidentsisonthedecrease.【要點歸納】decreaseby減少了decrease(from...)to(從……)減少到decreasein在某方面下降onthedecrease在下降；在減少adecreaseinsth某方面的減少/下降3.trapn．夾子；陷阱；圈套；困境v．儲存；留存；使困??；使陷入圈套；使陷入困境【單句語法填空】Ifyouchoosethisway,you'relikelytofallintoatrap.Whentravellingtheyweretrappedinthemountain,waitingtoberescued.TheshopkeepertrappedmeintobuyingalotofproductsthatIdidn'tneed.【補全句子】（4）Shesetatrapforhimandhewalkedstraightintoit.她給他設(shè)下圈套，他就徑直鉆了進去?！疽c歸納】setatrapfor給……設(shè)圈套fallintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱betrappedin困在……中；陷在……中trapsbinto(doing)sth誘使某人做某事4.owev．應(yīng)該做；對……負有……的義務(wù)；欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應(yīng)感謝【單句語法填空】Heoweshisgoodhealthtohishealthylifestyle.Marywilltakecareofthebaby—sheowes(owe)meafavour.Heowesittohisfatherthathehasbeensosuccessful.【詞匯/句式升級】（4）Thankstohisoptimismandperseverance,hewasadmittedintoPekingUniversity.→ItwasowingtohisoptimismandperseverancethathewasadmittedintoPekingUniversity.(強調(diào)句)【要點歸納】（1）owesbsth＝owesthtosb欠某人某物owe...to...把……歸功于……oweittosbthat...多虧某人……（2）owingto因為；由于5parisonn．比較【單句語法填空】（1）Ateacherisoftenparedtoacandle.That'sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyond/withoutpare.（2）Theymadeaparisonofdifferentcountries'eatinghabitsparedwiththeFrench,theBritisheatfarlessfish.(pare)【句式升級】（3）Ifyouparethetaskwiththepreviousone,youwillfinditmorechallenging.→parethetaskwiththepreviousone,andyouwillfinditmorechallenging.→paringthetaskwiththepreviousone,youwillfinditmorechallenging.→Inparisonwith/paredto/withthepreviousone,thetaskismorechallenging.【要點歸納】inparisonto/with與……相比byparison(with...)(和……)相比之下makeaparison/makeparisons進行比較parev.比較；對比；把……比作pare...with...把……與……相比parewith...與……類似；比得上pare...to...把……比作……paredto/with...與……相比(作狀語)parenoteswithsb與某人交換意見beyond/withoutpare無與倫比；舉世無雙6.onbehalfof代表【單句語法填空】Onbehalfofthestaff,Iwishtoextendourwarmestweletoyou.ManyChinesepeoplebelievethatredstandsforgoodluck.We'reverygladtogreetyouinthenameoftheChinesepeople.【一句多譯】我很高興代表我的同學(xué)們在這里講話。（4）Iamveryhappytospeakhereonbehalfofmyclassmates.（5）Iamveryhappytospeakherestandingformyclassmates.（6）Iamveryhappytospeakhereinthenameofmyclassmates.【要點歸納】onbehalfof＝onsb'sbehalf代表某人，因為某人，為了某人standfor代表；(某個字母)是……的縮寫；支持；容忍inthenameof代表；以……的名義；在……名下7.coexistv．共存，共處【單句語法填空】HowIhopeallthecountriesintheworldcancoexistwitheachotherpeacefully.Afterthewar,thetwocountriesenjoyedaperiodofpeacefulcoexistence(coexist)．【補全句子】（3）Nowitisgenerallyacceptedthatthecountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemscancoexistwitheachotherpeacefully.現(xiàn)在人們普遍認為，不同社會制度的國家可以和平共處?！疽c歸納】coexistwith和……共存；與……共處coexistencen.共存，共處詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1．dramaticallyadv.顯著地→dramaticadj.戲劇性的；突然的→draman．戲劇2．subsequentlyadv.后來，隨后→subsequentadj.隨后的；后來的3．multiplyv．(使)大大增加，(使)倍增→multipleadj.多種多樣的4．conservationn．保護→conservev．保護→conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的5．departuren．離開→departv．離開；出發(fā)6．explodev．突然增加→explosionn．爆炸；激增7．mysteriousadj.神秘的→mysteryn．難以理解的事物；謎8．ecologyn．生態(tài)→ecologicaladj.生態(tài)的→ecologistn．生態(tài)學(xué)家9．parisonn．比較→parev．比較10．visualadj.視覺的→visionn．視力；念頭→visuallyadv.視覺上，外表上11．interventionn．干預(yù)，介入→intervenev．干預(yù)12．criterionn．標準，準則→criterian．(復(fù)數(shù))標準；準則13．a(chǎn)pparentlyadv.據(jù)說；看來，似乎→apparentadj.顯而易見的14．variationn．差異；變化→variableadj.可變的；易變的→variousadj.各種各樣的→varietyn．變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)→varyv．變化15．endangeredadj.瀕臨滅絕的→endangerv．危及；使……處于危險16．invasionn．涌入→invadev．侵犯→invadern．侵略者重點短語1．failtodosth未能做某事2．inharmonywith與……協(xié)調(diào)，與……和睦3．developanappetitefor對……產(chǎn)生食欲4．introduce...to...把……引入……5．outofcontrol失去控制，無法管理6．remove...from...使……從……消失7．onbehalfof代表8．inconsequence結(jié)果9．turnout原來是，證明是，結(jié)果是10．onceandforall最后一次，徹底地11．oweittosbtodosth應(yīng)該為某人做某事12．decreasefrom...to...從……減少到……13．coexistwith與……共存14．inreturn作為回報重點句型一、句型公式：nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型【補全句子】Youcan'tcancelthecontract,nor/neithercanI(我也不能)．Heisverycleverbuthedoesn'tworkhard;itisthesamewith/soitiswithhissister(他姐姐也是這樣)．【句型轉(zhuǎn)換】TomcanspeakFrenchandhisbrothercanspeak,too.→TomcanspeakFrenchandsocanhisbrother.Ifyoudon'tattendthemeeting,Iwon't,either.→Ifyoudon'tattendthemeeting,neither/norwillI.Theydidn'tfinishthetasksuccessfullyandwerescoldedbytheboss.Soitwaswithus.→Theydidn'tfinishthetasksuccessfullyandwerescoldedbytheboss.Itwasthesamewithus.【要點歸納】“nor/neither＋助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”構(gòu)成倒裝句型，意為“……也不這樣”，表示某人或某物也有前面說過的情況(否定情況)?！皊o＋助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋主語”，構(gòu)成倒裝句型，意為“……也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面說過的情況(肯定情況)。“so＋主語＋助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞”，表示說話人同意對方的觀點或?qū)η拔膬?nèi)容加以強調(diào)或肯定，意為“……的確如此”。如果前面句子的謂語既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型Soitis/waswith...或Itis/wasthesamewith...。二、表語從句Theendresultwasthatparakeets,oncelargeinnumberandnativetotheisland,diedoutin1891.最終的結(jié)果是，島上原本數(shù)量眾多的本土鳥類——長尾鸚鵡，在1891年滅絕了。三、Itis＋名詞＋todosthItismygreatpleasuretogivealecturehereonbehalfoftheBeatOnewithNatureAssociation.我很高興在這里代表大自然協(xié)會舉辦一個講座。重點語法第一步：單元思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識第二步：單元重難知識易混易錯it作形式賓語當動詞不定式（短語）、ving（短語）或從句作賓語時，為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。此時的it無詞義。其用法如下：1. 常 以 it 作 形 式 賓 語 的 動 詞 有 ：feel，consider，find，believe，make，take，imagine，prove，think，suppose，regard，notice等。IfinditeasytogetonwithJim.我發(fā)現(xiàn)同吉姆相處很容易。2.it作形式賓語，代替動詞不定式（短語）TheyfounditpleasanttoworkwithusChinese.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)與我們中國人一起工作很愉快。Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoneyfromothers.他立志決不向別人借錢。Iconsideritadvisabletotellherbeforehand.我認為還是事先告訴她好。3.it作形式賓語，代替ving（短語）用ving（短語）作真正的賓語時，其賓補通常是