2024-2025學(xué)年江蘇省鹽城市、南京市高三下學(xué)期期末目標(biāo)檢測(cè)試題英語(yǔ)試題含解析

2024-2025學(xué)年江蘇省鹽城市、南京市高三下學(xué)期期末目標(biāo)檢測(cè)試題英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2．選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0．5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)，字體工整、筆跡清楚。3．請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效；在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無(wú)效。4．保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．InthevirtuallaboratoryenvironmentcreatedintheVRapp,studentscan________aparticularexperimentbeforedoingtheminareallab.A．revealB．reserveC．previewD．provide2．Wearelivinginanagemostofthingsaredoneoncellphones.A．which B．thatC．whose D．when3．Likeallparentsintheworld，wewantyoutogrowupinaworld__________isfullofloveandkindness.A．where B．thatC．when D．what4．Nothavingworkedouttheprogram,________leavetheoffice.A．sohewasforbiddentoB．a(chǎn)ndhedidn’twanttoC．hislittlesoncouldn’tmakehimD．becouldn’tfreehimselfto5．Hotthenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A．a(chǎn)lthoughB．whileC．a(chǎn)sD．however6．Iwasonabusinesstripthen,otherwiseI________tothehospitalfortests.A．went B．hadgoneC．wouldhavegone D．wouldgo7．—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?—Thetrees__________well,butIdidn’twaterthem.A．mightgrow B．wouldhavegrownC．needn’thavegrown D．wouldgrow8．Inacompetitivemarketplace,findingthekeyfactorthat________yourbusinessfromothersishighlyvaluable.A．defends B．distinguishesC．prohibits D．selects9．—DoyouknowwhatEUstandsfor,Tommy?—Sure．ItstandsfortheEuropeanUnion,______Europeanpoliticalandeconomicorganizationthatencouragestradeandfriendshipbetween______countriesthataremembers．A．a(chǎn)n;the B．a(chǎn);the C．the;/ D．a(chǎn)n;/10．IfIcanhelp,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A．so B．that C．them D．it11．Thevillageevolvedintoamajore-commercecenter,and_____thepast,thevillagersowedtheirsuccesstothereformandopening-uppolicy.A．reviewedB．reviewingC．toreviewD．beingreviewed12．PremierLiKeqiangofficially______theplantodeveloptheBayAreainhisgovernmentworkreportdeliveredatthestartoftheNationalPeople’sCongresssessioninMarch.A．laidoutB．laidoffC．laiddownD．laidup13．－Couldyoupossilbytaketotherailwaystationtomorrow?A．NowayB．NevermindC．NotatallD．Noproblem14．TherearelotsofexamplesofEnglishidioms________animalsareused.A．which B．whenC．whose D．where15．—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I______gototheconcertinstead.A．must B．wouldC．should D．might16．Comparisonmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhen_____alone．A．seen B．seeing C．see D．tosee17．WorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,andtherearemanythingsstilltobedone.A．which B．whatC．that D．/18．Apublichealthcampaign_____thenumberofheartdiseasedeathsby80percentoverthepastthreedecades．A．hadreduced B．hadbeenreducedC．hasreduced D．hasbeenreduced19．Accordingtothelocallaw,noone______enterthebuildingsitewithoutpermission.A．canB．mustC．shallD．dare20．Theirflight______duetobadweather.Theywouldliketoknowwhentheflightwilltakeoff.A．hadbeendelayedB．wasdelayedC．hasbeendelayedD．willbedelayed第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）Knowingwhattodoatcheckoutandproperlypreparingforitcanturnapotentiallyheatedsituationintoaquickthankyouaddgoodbye.Belowwemadealistoffivethingsyoushouldrememberathotelcheckout.Don’tbelatetocheckHotelsmayaddanextremelyhighpriceforbeingjustahalfhourlate.Ifyouknowyouwon’tmakethecutofftime,itneverhurtstocallaheadandtrytonegotiateawayapotentialcharge.Don’tforgettodoublecheektheroomandsafeMakesureyoudon’tleavethingsbehind.Ifyouhaveanearlyflightorcheckouttime,packupasmuchasyoucanthenightbeforesothatlast-minuterushisn’ttooannoying.Also,besuretotakeoutanythingintheroomsafe.Don’tforgettotipthehousekeepersIt’salwayspolitetoleavesomemoneyforthepeoplekeepingyourroomclean.Don’tignorethedetailedbillYoumaybeinarush,butgivethedetailedhillacarefullooktoseeifthehotelchargeisdifferentfromtherateyouinitiallybooked.Don’tgetangryShootingattheassistantmanagerstandingbehindthefrontdeskprobablywon’thelp.Whendealingwithanunexpecteditemonthebill.Thinkabouthowdifficultitcanbetodealwithannoyedcustomers.Keepcalmandthingsmaybesolvedbetterandsooner.1、Thehotelwillchargeyoumoremoneyifyou.A．checkbeforecutofftimeB．donotcallthehotelaheadC．a(chǎn)relateincheckingoutD．negotiatewiththeclerks2、Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestdoing?A．Leavingsomethingbehind.B．Beingsuretokeeptheroomclean.C．Doingthepack-upasearlyaspossible.D．Tippingthehousekeeperstoshowrespect.3、Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraphofthepassage?A．TosuggestawaytosolveproblemsproperlyB．Toprovidemoreinformationaboutthehotel.C．ToshowtheuneasinessofassistantmanagersD．Toprotectcustomersfromunnecessarydangers.4、Inwhichsectionofthemagazinecanyouprobablyfindsuchapassage?A．Fitness. B．Nature.C．Lifestyle. D．Travel.22．（8分）TheconclusionoftheParisAgreementin2015，inwhichalmosteverynationcommittedtoreducetheircarbonemissions(排放)，wassupposedtobeaturningpointinthefightagainstclimatechange.Butmanycountrieshavealreadyfallenbehindtheirgoals.Meanwhileemissionsworldwidecontinuetorise.Theonlywaytocatchupistoaggressivelypursueanapproachthattakesadvantageofeverypossiblestrategytoreduceemissions.Windandsolarenergyareusuallypartofthiseffort，butitmustalsoincludeinvestingheavilyincarboncapture(碳捕捉)，utilization(應(yīng)用)andstorage(CCUS)—arangeoftechnologiesthatpullcarbondioxidefromtheair，andtransformitintousefulmaterialsorstoreitunderground.AlthoughCCUShasbeenopposedastooexpensiveandunproved，recentgainshavemadeitfarmoreeffective.Improvementssuchaschemicalcompoundscoulddrivethecostdownfrom$100pertonofcapturedcarbonin2016to$20pertonby2025，accordingtoa2016articleinScience.ThreeprimaryCCUSpathsleadtothereductionofcarbonemissions:retrofitting(改裝)existingpowerplants；reducingemissionsinindustriesthatcannotrunonrenewableenergy；anddirectlyremovingcarbonfromtheair.CuttingemissionsfromexistingelectricpowerstationswithCCUScouldbemademoreappealinginafuturewithacircularcarboneconomy，inwhichcapturedcarboncouldberesoldandrecycledforotheruses——forinstance，servingasarawmaterialformakingconcreteorplastics.Thebasicideaofcarboncapturehasfacedalotofopposition.Skepticismhascomefromclimatechangedeniers，whoseeitasawasteofmoney，andfrompassionatesupportersofclimateaction,whofearthatitwouldbeusedtojustifycontinuedrelianceonfossilfuels.Bothgroupsareignoringtherecentadvancesandtheopportunitytheypresent.Bylimitinginvestmentindecarbonization，theworldwillmissamajoravenueforreducingemissionsinavarietyofindustries.CCUScanalsocreatejobsandprofitsfromwhatwaspreviouslyonlyawastematerialbycreatingalargereconomyaroundcarbon.Thetransitiontocleanenergyhasbecomenecessary.Butthattransition’sabilitytoachievedeepdecarbonizationwillbecomelesseffectivewithoutthiswiderangeofsolutions，whichmustincludeCCUS.1、WhatcanCCUStechnologiesdoinreducingemissions?A．Closingdownexistingpowerplants.B．Limitinginvestmentinheavyindustry.C．Processingrawmaterialsunderground.D．Turningcarbondioxideintousefulmaterials.2、WhyisitattractivetoretrofitexistingpowerplantswithCCUS?A．Itcanremovecarbondirectlyfromtheair.B．Itcanbenefittheindustryeconomically.C．Itisthemostaffordablewaytocapturecarbon.D．Ithelpspowerplantsproduceconcreteorplastics.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph4?A．Fossilfuelswillbenolongerusedinfuture.B．Investingindecarbonizationisaworthwhileproject.C．Climatechangedeniersbelieveinthenecessityofdecarbonization.D．Littleprogresshasbeenmadeinthefightagainstcarbonemissions.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．CaptureThatCarbon B．LetCarbonGoC．StandFirmwithEnergyProtection D．SayGoodbyetoEnergyCrisis23．（8分）Aprettyfaceisneverforgotten.Doyoubelieveso?Butmaybeitisuntrue!Psychologistsbelievebeautifulpeoplearelesslikelytoberecognized.Anewstudysuggeststhatattractivenesscanactuallypreventtherecognitionoffaces,unlessaprettyfacehasparticularlydistinctivefeatures,suchasAngelinaJolie’s.Germanpsychologiststhinktherecognitionofprettyfacesisdistorted(扭曲)byemotions.ResearchersHolgerWiese,CarolinAltmannandStefanSchweinbergerattheUniversityofJena,Germany,discoveredinastudythatphotosofunattractivepeopleweremoreeasilyrememberedthanprettyoneswhentheyshowedthemtoagroupofpeople.Forthestudy,whichwaspublishedinsciencemagazineNeuropsychologia,thepsychologistsshowedphotosoffacestotestsubjects.Halfofthefaceswereconsideredtobemoreattractiveandtheotherhalfaslessattractive,butallofthemwerebeingthoughtofassimilarlydistinctivelooking.Thetestsubjectswereshownthefacesforjustafewsecondstomemorizethemandwereshownthemagainduringthetestsothattheycoulddecideiftheyrecognizedthemornot.Theresearchersweresurprisedbytheresult.“Untilnowweassumedthatitwasgenerallyeasiertomemorizefaceswhicharebeingconsideredasattractive,justbecausewepreferlookingatbeautifulfaces,”Dr.Wiesesaid.Butthestudyshowedthatsuchaconnectioncannotbeeasilyproven.Heassumesthatrememberingprettyfacesisdistortedbyemotionalinfluences,whichenhancethesenseofrecognitionatalatertime.Theresearchers’ideaisbackedupbyevidencefromEEG-recordings(腦電圖記錄)theyusedduringtheirexperimentwhichshowthebrains’electricactivity.Thestudyalsorevealedthatinthecaseofattractivefaces,considerablymorefalsepositiveresultsweredetected.Inotherwords,peoplethoughttheyrecognizedafacewithouthavingseenitbefore.“Weobviouslytendtobelievethatwerecognizeafacejustbecausewefinditattractive.”Dr.Wiesesaid.1、WhatdoweknowaboutthephotosfromParagraph3?A．Theywereallofprettyfaces.B．Theywereselectedatrandom.C．Theywerenotdistinctiveatall.D．Theywereshowedtwicetothetestsubjects.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“falsepositiveresults”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Peopleactuallyonlyrecognizefewprettyfaces.B．Peoplerecognizemoreuglyfacesthanprettyones.C．Peopleclaimtorecognizeafacetheyhaveneverseen.D．Peoplerecognizefewerfacesthantheyhavethought.3、Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudy?A．Peoplearereluctanttorecognizeuglyfaces.B．Beautifulpeopleareparticularlydistinctive.C．Attractivenesspreventstherecognitionoffaces.D．Attractivefacesarealwayseasytoberecognized.4、Whichwordcanshowtheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefindingsoftheresearch?A．Doubtful.B．Disapproving.C．Favorable.D．Objective.24．（8分）FormalAfternoonTeasApotoftea,aplateoffingersandwichesandaselectionofpastriesandscones:InAmerica,thiswonderfulwaytowileawaytheafternooniscommonly,thoughmistakenly,knownas“hightea.”InBritain,whereitoriginated,“hightea”issimplyanold-fashionednamefortheeveningmeal;it’salsocalled“mealtea.”Thelight,elegant,scone-centricmealservedatfancyhotelsiscalled“l(fā)owtea”or“afternoontea”.Whateveryoucallit,herearefourplacestogetafternoonteaonLongIsland.Pricesareperperson.ChatNoir230MerrickRd.,RockvilleCentre516-208-8521,OwnerEmmaTsoisatalentedpastrychef,andherafternoontea($22)includessandwiches,miniaturepastries,warmscones,creamandjamandapotoftea.Open7daysaweek.Reservationsrequired.Robinson’sTeaRoom97-EMainSt.,StonyBrook631-751-1232Robinson’sserviceafternoonteaTuesdaytoSunday.$26buysunlimitedtea,about10fingersandwiches,freshscones,creamandjamanddesserts.Reservationsrequired.TheSecretGardenTeaCafe&GiftShoppe225MainSt.,PortJefferson631-476-8327,TheStreetGarden’smenuhasmoremodestoptions,butthefullafternoontea,$26.95,includesscones,freshfruit,teasandwiches,minidessertsandapotoftea.OpenTuesdaytoSunday.TheHiddenOakCafeBayardCuttingArboretum,MontaukHighway,GreatRiver631-277-3895,ThecafeisopenTuesdaytoSunday.Afternoontea($25.95)includesteasandwiches,dessertsandpastries,sconeswithcreamandjamandapotoftea.Reservationsrequired24hoursinadvance.1、WhatdoweknowaboutBritishafternoontea?A．It’sknownas“mealtea”. B．It’scenteredondesserts.C．It’sservedatfancyhotels. D．It’soriginatedfromAmerica.2、WhichnumbershouldyoucalltoreserveforaMondayafternoontea?A．516-208-8521 B．631-751-1232C．631-476-8327 D．631-277-38953、Wherecanyougetafternoonteawithfreshfruit?A．AtChatNoir B．AtRobinson’sTeaRoomC．AttheHiddenOakCafe D．AttheSecretGardenTeaCafe&GiftShoppe25．（10分）Oursocietyisgenerallybecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofobedienceandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain–bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellowcompetitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemformabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionendsinahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities–thoseofallloveandofreason–aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1、By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis______.A．a(chǎn)necessarypartthoughthefunctionofeachisinsignificantB．workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofsocietyC．a(chǎn)nunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofsocietyD．a(chǎn)irreplaceablecomponentofsocietywhenworkingsmoothly2、Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat________.A．theyaremorelikelytolosetheirpresentworkB．theyhavenorealsatisfactionorinterestinlifeC．theyareconfrontedwiththefundamentalrealitiesD．theyaredeprivedofindividualityandindependence3、Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose_______.A．whoalwaysliveatthebottomofthesocietyB．whotendtobehigherupintheirsocialstatusC．whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitorsD．whocoulddipfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld4、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof_______.A．a(chǎn)pproval B．dissatisfaction C．suspicion D．sensibility第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）InMarch2007,Iwasrecoveringfromanoperationforbreastcancerandgoingthroughaterribletime.Ispentmydaysathome1everythingtomyself.Thenoneofmycolleaguessuggested2,“Whydon'tyoupickacoupleofdaysandgotoIrelandandescape?”I3thetip.Thetripwasfun,butwhenIgotonthe4togohome,Iwasn'tfeelingwell.Myplanwastosleepforthe5journey,buttheguynexttomelookedgood-heartedforaconversation6hehadkindeyes.“Ihadanoperation,”Isaid7.‘‘Ihadbreastcancer.’’Hepausedforamomentandsaid,“What'swrongwiththat?Breastcancerisjustasmall8ofyou,likegoingtocollegeorgettingmarried.”Icouldfeelmyeyes9upwithtears.“Don'tthinktoomuchofyourproblem,”hesaid.“Instead,thinkabouthowmanypeopleyoucouldhelp.”Ihadtearscomingdownmyface,andsaid,“Ican't10I'mcryinginfrontofyou,Idon't11knowyou.”“Look,youhavea12inlife,”hesaid.“Youcaneither13yourthingsdeepinyourpocketsandtakethemtoyourgrave,oryoucanhelpsomeone.”I'vealwaysbeenavery14person,andasidefromthefewpeoplewhoneededtoknow,I'dkeptmyillnesssecret.Ididn'twanttobe15bymyweakness.Butthisman,whosenamewasKenDuane,showedmethatmyillnessgaveme16-becauseitgavemetheabilityto17someoneelse'sload.IdecidedatthatmomentthatIwasgoingtotrytohelpothersbysharingmystory18,inhopesofinspiringthosewhowereinthesameorsimilarsituation.Laterthatyear,Italkedaboutmyillnessandmy19withKenonair.Iamforever20thatInevertookanaponthatflightovertheAtlantic.1、A．devotingB．explainingC．keepingD．storing2、A．seriouslyB．hurriedlyC．kindlyD．confidently3、A．overlookedB．dismissedC．doubtedD．a(chǎn)ccepted4、A．busB．planeC．trainD．ship5、A．wholeB．lastC．exactD．normal6、A．ifB．becauseC．whileD．though7、A．willinglyB．quicklyC．cheerfullyD．weakly8、A．partB．centreC．painD．symbol9、A．comingB．fillingC．takingD．ending10、A．bearB．realizeC．believeD．deny11、A．stillB．a(chǎn)lreadyC．thenD．even12、A．decisionB．choiceC．goalD．belief13、A．clearB．sortC．putD．mix14、A．privateB．outspokenC．clumsyD．polite15、A．defeatedB．blamedC．a(chǎn)ffectedD．defined16、A．surpriseB．strengthC．a(chǎn)dviceD．reference17、A．broadenB．worsenC．lightenD．brighten18、A．publiclyB．officiallyC．clearlyD．sharply19、A．expectationB．explorationC．a(chǎn)ppointmentD．conversation20、A．gratefulB．consciousC．pitifulD．regretful第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Lastfall,FloridaStatefootballplayer,TravisRudolph,madeheadlinesWhenhevisitedamiddleschool,hedidn'thesitate1．(eat)lunchwithBoPaske,whoofteneatsaloneinhisschoolcafeteriaBoPaskeisayoungboywithautism-amentalconditionin2．a(chǎn)personisunabletocommunicateorformrelationships3．othersSoonRudolph'saction4．(pay)off,andhewasjustsignedtotheNationalFootballLeaguebytheNewYorkGiantsthoughhehadnotbeenselectedbyanyteambeforeNowRudolphandPaskestillkeepintouchand5．(develop)aheartwarmingfriendshipsofarPaskeandhismotherwereeveninvitedtoalargeparty6．(hold)byRudolphinWestPalmBeachtocelebratetheGiants'signingannouncement"We'reall7．(extreme)happyforhim,"Bo'smother,LeahPaske,toldNBC'sToday"WespentthewholeSaturdayhangingoutwitheveryonetowaitforthe8．(encourage)momentAndwhenwefinallygot9．newsthateveningthathehadbeensigned,wewerethereforthe10．(celebrate)aswellWhenhemadesurethathewasgoingtotheGiants,hewascompletelyexcited"第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）28．（10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（Λ），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Severaldaysago,Motherbroughthomelittlecat.Inamedher“Mimi”.Sheisblackallover.Canyouimaginehowshelookslike?Everymorningshegetsupearlythananyoneelse.Thensheclimbsonmybed