2024秋新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit11ConflictandCompromise單元測(cè)試北師大版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGEPAGE1UNIT11CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISE(滿(mǎn)分：120分建議用時(shí)：120分鐘)第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2．5分，滿(mǎn)分37．5分)AInanygivenweek,aboutfourdozenkidsvisitDr.DavidAbramson’spreschool-likeclinicatMemorialSloanKetteringCancerCenterinNewYorkCity.Andwhilemostofthemarebarelyoldenoughtospeak,becauseofDr.Abramsonandthegroundbreakingmedicalprocedurehehascreatedforarareandpotentiallydeadlyeyecancercalledretinoblastoma,theycansee.Inthepast,ifthecancerdidn’trespondwelltothen-availabletreatments,survivalrequiredremovingthecancerouseye.Theparents,however,willoftenchoosetolettheirchildrendiewiththeireyesintactratherthanlivewithoutthem.“Thiswasatransformationalchangeinourfield，”saysDr.Abramson,whobeganusingthetechniquein2006．“Overnight,wewentfromtakingoutchildren’seyestonottakingoutchildren’seyes.”Butthere’sanaspectofthetechniquethatDr.Abramsondoesn’ttalkaboutmuch,eventhoughitisasinspirationalasthetechniqueitself.Herefusedtopatentit.Pursuingapatent,hefeared,wouldhavemeantthetechniquewouldbekeptsecretforalongperiodoftimewhilethepaperworkwasapprovedbytheU．S.TrademarkandPatentOffice(USPTO).Inthemeantime,untoldnumbersofchildrenwouldhavesufferedandperhapsdied.Patentexpertswouldn’tmakeaguessonexactlyhowmuchmoneyDr.AbramsonleftontheTablebynotpatentinghisprocedure.Butthepurposeofamedicalprocedurepatentisthatitallowsadoctortoprofitbyteachingotherstoperformtheprocedure.“IwantpeopletoknowthatwhenIdosomething,it’sfrommyscientificheart,notbecauseIhaveanyfinancialbenefit，”hesays.“Andultimately,ourgoalistohelpchildren.Ourdrivingforceinthisisnottomakemoney.”()1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A．Eyes. B．Parents.C．Children. D．Treatments.()2．Whydidn’tDr.Abramsongetthetechniquepatented?A．Hefearedthatthetechniquemightbekeptsecretforever.B．Hedidn’tliketheideaofteachingothersaboutthetechnique.C．Theapplicationprocessmeantmanysufferingsandevendeaths.D．Theapplicationprocesswouldrequiretoomuchmoneyandtime.()3．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Tointroduceaneyecancer.B．TogivecredittoDr.Abramson.C．Torecommendanevolutionarycure.D．Toshowthedifficultyofapatentapplication.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。Dr.DavidAbramson首創(chuàng)的眼科動(dòng)脈化療技術(shù)能夠使兒童削減眼部癌癥帶來(lái)的苦痛甚至死亡，但是他拒絕將該技術(shù)申請(qǐng)獨(dú)創(chuàng)專(zhuān)利來(lái)盈利。1．A代詞指代題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句“Theparents,however,willoftenchoosetolettheirchildrendiewiththeireyesintactratherthanlivewithoutthem.”可知，然而，父母通常會(huì)選擇讓他們的孩子帶著完整的眼睛死去，而不是沒(méi)有它們活下去。由此可知，劃線詞them指代的是眼睛。故選A項(xiàng)。2．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中“Pursuingapatent,hefeared,wouldhavemeantthetechniquewouldbekeptsecretforalongperiodoftimewhilethepaperworkwasapprovedbytheU．S.TrademarkandPatentOffice(USPTO)．Inthemeantime,untoldnumbersofchildrenwouldhavesufferedandperhapsdied.”可知，他擔(dān)憂(yōu)，申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利將意味著該技術(shù)將在美國(guó)商標(biāo)和專(zhuān)利局批準(zhǔn)文書(shū)工作期間長(zhǎng)期保密。在此期間，多數(shù)的兒童將遭遇苦痛甚至死亡。由此可知，Dr.DavidAbramson拒絕申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的緣由是申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利過(guò)程意味著很多兒童將遭遇苦痛甚至死亡。故選C項(xiàng)。3．B推理推斷題。通讀全文可知，文章先是介紹了Dr.DavidAbramson首創(chuàng)的眼科動(dòng)脈化療技術(shù)，但第四段的But是一個(gè)信號(hào)詞，從第四段起先，作者講解并描述Dr.DavidAbramson不申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利，他選擇放棄利潤(rùn)。作者引用他的話：“我希望人們知道，當(dāng)我做某件事時(shí)，是出于科學(xué)考慮，而不是因?yàn)槿魏蔚慕?jīng)濟(jì)利益。我們的最終目標(biāo)是幫助兒童，不是為了賺錢(qián)。”由此可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是為了贊揚(yáng)Dr.DavidAbramson。故選B項(xiàng)。BKatiealwaysknewshewantedtobeaperformer.ShewasfondofDisneymoviesfromanearlyageandwouldoftensingalongwithhermom,Karen.WhenKatiewasnineyearsold,herhappychildhoodtookaturnwhenhermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.WhenthedoctorinformedtheWhetsellfamilythatKaren’sdiseasewasterminal,theymadeadecision.DisneyWorldhadbeenalongtimedreamvacationforKaren.SoinNovember1997,thefamilypackedupandheadedtoDisneyWorld.Katiesaysshe’llneverforgetthemomentthatchangedherlifeonthattrip:Afteralongdayattheparks,theWhetsellsdecidedtoseeoneofDisneyWorld’smanynightlylightshows.Whilewatching,aDisneycastmemberperformingintheparadecameuptohermomandrestedherhandonKaren’sshoulder.Theyexchangedsmilesand,tothisday,Katierememberedhowatpeacehermomlooked.Thewholefamilywastouchedandmovedtotears.ThiswasthedayKatiedecidedshewantedtoworkforDisney.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Katiewentontopursueperformingforaliving.Shestruggledforyears,workingasawaitressandtryingtomakeitasanactor.HerhardworkandpassionfinallypaidoffwhenshewashiredtoworkonDisneyCruiseLinesin2009．Katie’sfavouritefriendintheDisneyWorldisDoryin“FindingNemotheMusical”.ShesaysthatDoryhastaughtherthevalueoflivinginthepresentmomentandto“justkeepswimming.”Katiehasneverlostsightofthefactthatsheandotherswhoworkforthecompanybringjoytothelivesofmanyeveryday.“Everythingwedoattheparksmakesadifferencetomanyfamilies.It’sawayforustohelpthemforget.It’samazingtobeabletocomfortothers.”WhenaskedwhathermotherwouldthinkofherworkingatDisneyWorld,shetakesadeepbreathandallowsthetearstoflow.“Ijustfeellikeshe’dbesoproud.IcanfeelherpresenceoftenandIfeelherhavingapartinwhatIdo.It’sperfect.”()4．WhydidtheWhetsellfamilydecidetogotoDisneyWorldinNovember1997?A．TheDisneyWorldhasalwaysbeenagoodplaceforvacation.B．KarenwasseriouslyillandDisneyWorldwaswhatshehaddreamedfor.C．TheWhetsellfamilywereallfondofDisneycharacters.D．KatiealwayswantedtogototheDisneyWorldtobeaperformer.()5．WhathappenedduringtheDisneytripthatchangedKatie’slife?A．Katietookpartintheparadeperformanceandrealizedherdream.B．Thewholefamilyenjoyedthemselvesinthenightlylightshows.C．AperformerintheDisneyparadebroughtcomforttohermom.D．Karenwasinvitedtoperformwithcastmembersandshefeltsatisfied.()6．What’sthepurposetomentionKatie’sfavouritefriendDory?A．ToinformusmoreofKatie’sstrugglinglife.B．TointroduceanotherDisneycharacternamedDory.C．ToimplyKatie’sunderstandingoflife.D．Totellustheimportancetokeepgoing.()7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeKatie’spersonality?A．Intelligentandindustrious. B．Diligentanddependent.C．Selflessandsympathetic. D．Persistentandpositive.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了從小對(duì)迪士尼電影著迷的凱蒂·惠特塞爾，在九歲時(shí)，因?yàn)槟赣H病重一家人確定去迪士尼度過(guò)一段幻想的假期。這讓凱蒂有了一個(gè)新的幻想，就是為迪士尼工作，在為迪士尼工作的10年期間里，凱蒂的工作就是給來(lái)自世界各地的家庭帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。在2003年，母親去世后，凱蒂接著追求自己的演藝生涯，經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力，最終取得了勝利。4．B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“WhenKatiewasnineyearsold,herhappychildhoodtookaturnwhenhermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.WhenthedoctorinformedtheWhetsellfamilythatKaren’sdiseasewasterminal,theymadeadecision.”可知，當(dāng)凱蒂九歲時(shí)，她快樂(lè)的童年發(fā)生了變更，因?yàn)樗哪赣H被診斷出癌癥。當(dāng)醫(yī)生告知惠特塞爾一家卡倫的病已經(jīng)是晚期時(shí)，他們做了一個(gè)確定。由此可知，惠特塞爾一家確定在1997年11月去迪士尼樂(lè)園是因?yàn)榭▊惒〉煤苤兀鲜磕針?lè)園是她夢(mèng)寐以求的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。5．C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Whilewatching,aDisneycastmemberperformingintheparadecameuptohermomandrestedherhandonKaren’sshoulder.Theyexchangedsmilesand,tothisday,Katierememberedhowatpeacehermomlooked.Thewholefamilywastouchedandmovedtotears.”可知，在觀看的過(guò)程中，一名迪士尼演員在游行隊(duì)伍中表演，她走到媽媽面前，把手放在卡倫的肩膀上。他們交換著微笑，直到今日，凱蒂還記得她媽媽看上去是多么安詳。全家人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。由此可知，迪士尼游行中的一名表演者給她媽媽帶來(lái)了勸慰，變更了凱蒂的生活。故選C項(xiàng)。6．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“ShesaysthatDoryhastaughtherthevalueoflivinginthepresentmomentandto’justkeepswimming.’”可知，她說(shuō)，多莉教會(huì)了她活在當(dāng)下的價(jià)值，讓她“始終游下去”。由此可推知，提到凱蒂最喜愛(ài)的摯友是多莉的目的在于示意凱蒂對(duì)生活的理解。故選C。7．D推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Katiehasneverlostsightofthefactthatsheandotherswhoworkforthecompanybringjoytothelivesofmanyeveryday.”可知，凱蒂?gòu)奈催z忘，她和其他在公司工作的人每天都給很多人的生活帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。結(jié)合文章記敘了從小對(duì)迪士尼電影著迷的凱蒂·惠特塞爾，在九歲時(shí)，因?yàn)槟赣H病重一家人確定去迪士尼度過(guò)一段幻想的假期。這讓凱蒂有了一個(gè)新的幻想，就是為迪士尼工作，在為迪士尼工作的10年期間里，凱蒂的工作就是給來(lái)自世界各地的家庭帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。在2003年，母親去世后，凱蒂接著追求自己的演藝生涯，經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力，最終取得了勝利。由此可推知，凱蒂的特性是執(zhí)著和主動(dòng)的。故選D項(xiàng)。CFromtalkingrobotsandvideophonestoroversonMars,technologyhasbecomesoadvancedthatthepreviouslyimpossibleseemstooccuronadailybasis.Andyet—westillhavenocureforthecommoncold.Whycan’twestopthecommoncold?AccordingtoPeterBarlow,ascientistatEdinburghNapierUniversityintheUK,themainchallengeliesinmanydifferenttypesofcoldvirusesthatareproducedbytherhinoviruses(鼻病毒).Thereareatleast160types.Theymutate(突變)soeasilythattheyquicklybecomeresistanttodrugs,orlearntohidefromourimmunesystems.Inotherwords,asinglecureisn’tlikelytoworkoneverytypeofcold.However,researchersfromStanfordUniversityandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,havefoundapossibleanswer.Theydiscoveredaproteinthatthevirusesneed.Withoutit,theycan’tspreadinsideyourbody.Toidentifythegenewhichproducesthespecificproteinneededbytheviruses,researchersusedagene-editingtechniquetotestallgenesinthehumangenomeonebyoneforthousandsofcells.Thesemodified(變更的)cellswerethenexposedtoarangeofenteroviruses(腸道病毒),includingtherhinoviruseswhichcausethecommoncold.Alltheviruseswereunabletoreplicate(復(fù)制)insidecellswithoutagenethatproducesaspecificprotein,calledmethyltransferaseSETD3．Then,theytestedgeneticallymodifiedmice,whichwerecompletelyunabletoproducetheprotein.Themicewereabletolivehealthy,normalliveswithouttheprotein.“Lackingthatgeneprotectedthemicecompletelyfromviralinfection.”associateprofessorJanCarette,fromStanford,toldtheBBC．“Thesemicewouldalwaysdie,buttheysurvivedandwesawaverystrongreductioninviralreplicationandverystrongprotection.”Carettesaidtheplanistofindadrugwhichcantemporarilysuppress(抑制)theprotein,insteadofproducinggeneticallymodifiedhumans.“Wehaveidentifiedafantastictargetthatallenterovirusesandrhinovirusesrequireanddependon.Takethatawayandthevirusreallyhasnochance，”saidCarette.“Thisisareallygoodfirststep—thesecondstepistohaveachemicalthatmimics(模擬)thisgeneticdeletion，”headded.()8．WhatdoesPeterBarlowthinkisthemainproblemforpreventionofthecommoncold?A．Theslowmutationofsomegenes.B．Thefastspeedatwhichrhinovirusesspread.C．Theharmrhinovirusesdototheimmunesystem.D．Thewidevarietyofcoldvirusescreatedbyrhinoviruses.()9．Whatcanwelearnabouttheproteinneededbytheviruses?A．Ithelpsthevirusesreplicateinsideourbodies.B．Itallowsthevirusestomutateeasily.C．Ithelpsthevirusesbecomeresistanttodrugs.D．Itacceleratesthespeedatwhichthevirusesspread.()10．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoverintheirgene-editingstudy?A．Geneticallymodifiedmicediedbecausetheylackedtheprotein.B．Themodifiedcellsseemedtoprotectthemiceagainstviralinfections.C．MoremethyltransferaseSETD3wasproducedafterthecellsweremodified.D．Thegene-editingtechniquewasmoreeffectiveagainstenterovirusesthanrhinoviruses.()11．Whatdotheresearchersmostprobablydonext,accordingtoCarette?A．Conductexperimentsongeneticallymodifiedhumans.B．Identifyadrugthatcanhelpreducetheprotein.C．Applythisgene-editingtechniquetocontrolotherviruses.D．Findachemicalthatcancureallenterovirusesandrhinoviruses.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文主要講了為什么一般感冒沒(méi)有很好的治愈方法是因?yàn)楸遣《井a(chǎn)生的很多不同類(lèi)型的感冒病毒，而病毒的傳播須要特定的蛋白質(zhì)，為了確定產(chǎn)生病毒所需特定蛋白質(zhì)的基因，探討人員運(yùn)用基因編輯技術(shù)，對(duì)人類(lèi)基因組中的數(shù)千個(gè)細(xì)胞逐一進(jìn)行基因測(cè)試。由此提出了一種新型的預(yù)防一般感冒的方法。8．D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“AccordingtoPeterBarlow,ascientistatEdinburghNapierUniversityintheUK,themainchallengeliesinmanydifferenttypesofcoldvirusesthatareproducedbytherhinoviruses(鼻病毒)．Thereareatleast160types.Theymutate(突變)soeasilythattheyquicklybecomeresistanttodrugs,orlearntohidefromourimmunesystems.Inotherwords,asinglecureisn’tlikelytoworkoneverytypeofcold.”可知，據(jù)英國(guó)愛(ài)丁堡納皮爾高校的科學(xué)家PeterBarlow稱(chēng)，主要的挑戰(zhàn)在于由鼻病毒產(chǎn)生的很多不同類(lèi)型的感冒病毒。它們至少有160種。它們很簡(jiǎn)單變異，很快就會(huì)對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生抗藥性，或者學(xué)會(huì)躲避我們的免疫系統(tǒng)。換句話說(shuō)，單一的治療方法不行能對(duì)全部類(lèi)型的感冒都有效。由此可知，PeterBarlow認(rèn)為預(yù)防一般感冒的主要問(wèn)題是搞清由鼻病毒產(chǎn)生的各種各樣的感冒病毒。故選D項(xiàng)。9．A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“Theydiscoveredaproteinthatthevirusesneed.Withoutit,theycan’tspreadinsideyourbody.”可知，他們發(fā)覺(jué)了病毒須要的一種蛋白質(zhì)。沒(méi)有它，它們就不能在你體內(nèi)擴(kuò)散。由此可知，病毒所需的蛋白質(zhì)幫助病毒在我們體內(nèi)復(fù)制。故選A項(xiàng)。10．B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“’Lackingthatgeneprotectedthemicecompletelyfromviralinfection.’associateprofessorJanCarette,fromStanford,toldtheBBC.”可知，“缺乏這種基因愛(ài)護(hù)老鼠完全免受病毒感染。”斯坦福高校副教授JanCarette告知BBC。由此可知，探討人員在基因編輯探討中發(fā)覺(jué)修改后的細(xì)胞似乎可以愛(ài)護(hù)老鼠免受病毒感染。故選B項(xiàng)。11．B推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Carettesaidtheplanistofindadrugwhichcantemporarilysuppress(抑制)theprotein,insteadofproducinggeneticallymodifiedhumans.”可知Carette說(shuō)，他們的安排是找到一種可以短暫抑制這種蛋白質(zhì)的藥物，而不是制造轉(zhuǎn)基因人類(lèi)。由此可推知，依據(jù)Carette的探討，探討人員接下來(lái)最有可能確定一種可以幫助削減蛋白質(zhì)的藥物。故選B項(xiàng)。DAnewdeviceworkslikeasolarpanel,exceptthatitdoesn’tharvestenergyfromthesun.Itabsorbsenergyfromthecoldnightsky.Aprototype(原型)ofthedeviceproducedenoughelectricityatnighttopowerasmalllightbulb.Abiggerversionmightonedaylightroomsorchargephones.Italsocouldpowerelectronicsinremoteorlow-resourceareasthatlackelectricity.ThedevicemakesuseofthetemperaturedifferencebetweenEarthandouterspace.Itthenusesthatdifferencetocreateelectricity.Aslongasonesideofitiscoolerthantheother，thegeneratorcanproduceelectricity.Thecoolersidefacestheskyandisattachedtoanaluminumplate.Thatplateissealedbeneathatransparentcoverandsurroundedwithinsulation(隔熱材料)tokeepoutheat.Thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplate.Thatplateiswarmedbythelocalair.Atnight，thetopplatecangetacoupleofdegreesCelsiuscoolerthanthebottomofthegenerator.Researcherstesteda20-centimetreprototypeoneclearDecembernightinStanford，California.Thegeneratorproduceduptoabout25milliwattsofpowerpersquaremetreofdevice.Thatwasenoughpowertolightasmalllight-emittingdiode，orLEDbulb.Furtherimprovementsmightincreaseitsproductiontoatleast500milliwattspersquaremetre.Todothat，thesystemmightneedmoreinsulationaroundthecooltopplate.Thedevicealsocouldhelppowerremoteweatherstationsorotherenvironmentaldevices，saysAaswathRaman.HeisamaterialsscientistwhoworkedonthedeviceattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.“Thismaybeusefulinpolarregionsthatdon’tseesunlightformonthsatatime，”Ramansays.“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness，thismightbeaway.”()12．Whatcanweknowaboutthenewdevice?A．Itgainsenergyfromthesun. B．It’sbeenwidelyusedinlife.C．Itiscoolerthanasolarpanel. D．It’llbepopularinspecialareas.()13．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A．Applicationfieldsofthedevice. B．Thedevelopingprocessofthedevice.C．Theworkingprincipleofthedevice. D．Significanteffectsofthedevice.()14．Howcanthedeviceproducemoreelectricity?A．Byputtingmoreinsulationaroundthetopplate.B．Byusingitinextremelycoldandclearnights.C．Byattachingthebottomplatetoawarmplate.D．Bycoveringthetopplatewithatransparentlid.()15．Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ADeviceUsingtheColdNightSkytoProduceElectricityB．ADeviceBringingNewHopeforThoseintheColdNightC．TheDifferencebetweenaSolarPanelandaNewDeviceD．TheTemperatureDifferenceBetweenEarthandOuterSpace【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)最新的科研獨(dú)創(chuàng)——反太陽(yáng)能電池板。它可以從寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通過(guò)利用地表和遠(yuǎn)處空間的溫差來(lái)產(chǎn)生電能。目前的探討成果是它可以勝利為一只小燈泡供應(yīng)電能。12．D推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的最終一句“Italsocouldpowerelectronicsinremoteorlow-resourceareasthatlackelectricity.”和最終一段的最終一句“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness，thismightbeaway.”可知，這種裝置在一些偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)或缺電的地區(qū)幫助發(fā)電；另外，在極地地區(qū)數(shù)月不見(jiàn)陽(yáng)光，這種裝置可以幫助發(fā)電照明。由此可推知，這個(gè)新設(shè)備在會(huì)在一些特別地區(qū)受歡迎。故選D項(xiàng)。13．C主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段可知，該裝置利用地球和外層空間的溫差來(lái)發(fā)電。只要它的一邊比另一邊冷，發(fā)電機(jī)就能發(fā)電。較冷的一面面朝天空，與一塊鋁板相連。那塊板被密封在一個(gè)透亮的蓋子下面，四周有保溫材料來(lái)阻擋熱量。發(fā)電機(jī)的底部連接在一塊暴露的鋁板上。那個(gè)盤(pán)子被當(dāng)?shù)氐目諝饧訜崃?。晚上，頂板的溫度比發(fā)電機(jī)底部的溫度低幾攝氏度。由此可推知第三段主要講了這個(gè)設(shè)備發(fā)電的主要工作原理。故選C項(xiàng)。14．A細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終一句“Todothat，thesystemmightneedmoreinsulationaroundthecooltopplate.”可知，此處Todothat是指前一句“讓這裝置產(chǎn)生更多的電量”。因此，該裝置系統(tǒng)須要在上面的金屬板四周安裝更多的隔熱材料才可以產(chǎn)生更多的電能。故選A項(xiàng)。15．A主旨大意題。文章第一段“Anewdeviceworkslikeasolarpanel，exceptthatitdoesn’tharvestenergyfromthesun.Itabsorbsenergyfromthecoldnightsky.”點(diǎn)明白文章主題，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)最新的科研獨(dú)創(chuàng)，這種科技可以從寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通過(guò)利用地表和遠(yuǎn)處空間的溫差來(lái)產(chǎn)生電能。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“利用寒冷的夜空發(fā)電的裝置”。故選A項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2．5分，滿(mǎn)分12．5分)Ourworldismoreconnectedthaneverbeforethankstotechnology.__16__Indeed,itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantthatwealllearnhowtodealwiththispainfulfeeling.Youshouldbedeterminedtoactivelyendyourloneliness.Weoftenenduppassivelywaitingforsomeoneelsetomakeusfeellesslonely.Youmayfeelthatyourlonelinessindicatesthatnobodyiswillingtoconnectwithyou.Andthereisnothingyoucandoaboutit.Butthatisfarfromthetruth.__17__Youshouldfindreasonswhyyouarelonely.Weallfeellonelyfordifferentreasons.Someofushavenoonetointeractwithonaconsistentbasisandthat’swhywefeellonely.Youmayfeelthatthepeopleinyourlifedon’tshareyourthoughtsandideas.__18__youneedtoidentifyit.Andyouknowexactlyhowtohandleyourloneliness.__19__Peoplewhoarelonelytendtofallintodestructivementalhabits.Theytrytoavoidthepainofnotbeingunderstoodandbeingdisconnectedbynotgivingpeopleanopportunitytounderstandandconnectwiththem.Sothesolutionistoshareyourthoughtsandfeelingswithothersandtodosoopenlyandfearlessly.Youshouldfindpeoplewhoshareyourinterests.__20__everybodyisinterestedinsomething.Andjustastherearemanyinterests,therearemanypeoplewhosharethoseinterests.Findwhatinterestsyouandconnectwithothersonthatbasis.A．Whateverthereasonis，B．Whenyoufeelreallylonely，C．Ifyouwanttomakefriendswiththem，D．Whetherit’scoincollectingorvideogames，E．Youshouldbeopenaboutyourthoughts,ideasanddesires.F．Endinglonelinessissomethingthatyoucanandshouldpursueactively.G．However,moreandmoreofusfindourselveshavingtostandloneliness.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了在現(xiàn)在社會(huì)中如何處理孤獨(dú)感的方法。16．G依據(jù)下一句“Indeed,itisbecomingincreasinglyimportantthatwealllearnhowtodealwiththispainfulfeeling.”可知，這里“苦痛的感覺(jué)”指代是選項(xiàng)G中的loneliness“孤獨(dú)感”。故選G項(xiàng)。17．F依據(jù)本段第一句“Youshouldbedeterminedtoactivelyendyourloneliness.”可知，此處應(yīng)選與主動(dòng)結(jié)束孤獨(dú)有關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。故選F項(xiàng)。18．A依據(jù)本段第一句“Youshouldfindreasonswhyyouarelonely.”可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)選與找緣由有關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。故選A項(xiàng)。19．E依據(jù)本段最終一句“Sothesolutionistoshareyourthoughtsandfeelingswithothersandtodosoopenlyandfearlessly.”可知，此處作為本段主旨句應(yīng)當(dāng)選與保持對(duì)自己的想法、辦法和愿望開(kāi)放的心態(tài)。故選E項(xiàng)。20．D依據(jù)本段第一句“Youshouldfindpeoplewhoshareyourinterests.”可知，D選項(xiàng)中coincollectingorvideogames也是愛(ài)好。故選D項(xiàng)。其次部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)AsourEarth’stemperaturewarmsupbecauseofclimatechange,itishavingunexpectedeffectsonourworld’sforests.Whentemperaturesrise,treesclosetheirskinsto__21__thelossofwater,andthis,inturn,slowsdownthe__22__ofphotosynthesis(光合作用).Asaresult,thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly,aswellashavea__23__deathrate.Climatechangealsoincreasesthe__24__ofdroughtsandwildfires.Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto__25__，andinsomecases,theforestsare__26__permanently.Treesthatarestressedarealso__27__toattacksbybacteria(細(xì)菌).Intropicalforests,vinesthatusethetreesas__28__canoftenchokethetreesandrobthemofnutrients.Finally,humanshave__29__theforestlandscapethroughlogging.Whentreesarereplantedonthesoil,theywillnevergrowaslargeasthe__30__treesthatwerecutdown.Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem“home”areforcedtochange,__31__thevarietyofthosesystems.__32__，someendangeredspeciesareunableto__33__anddie.Old-growthforestsaredisappearinginallregionsofourworld.Whenforestsdie,youngerforeststhatarereestablishedinthesameareagrowbackweakerandsmaller__34__poorvegetation.Withtreesdyingincreasinglyandcontinuously,willfuturegenerations__35__outonthewondersofforests?()21．A．protect B．preventC．save D．free()22．A．movement B．situationC．process D．operation()23．A．higher B．firmerC．lighter D．smaller()24．A．choice B．measureC．qualification D．chance()25．A．grow B．rescueC．recover D．decline()26．A．ignored B．lostC．hurt D．left()27．A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．enjoyableC．a(chǎn)cceptable D．favorable()28．A．a(chǎn)ttention B．commandC．trust D．support()29．A．frightened B．paidC．ruined D．wasted()30．A．common B．originalC．distant D．strong()31．A．a(chǎn)ffecting B．improvingC．forgetting D．reflecting()32．A．Besides B．SurprisinglyC．Otherwise D．Unfortunately()33．A．devote B．keepC．a(chǎn)dapt D．lead()34．A．dueto B．inadditiontoC．insteadof D．inspiteof()35．A．pass B．missC．break D．bring【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明白由于氣候變更，地球溫度上升，導(dǎo)致對(duì)森林產(chǎn)生了意想不到的影響。先是溫度上升導(dǎo)致樹(shù)木矮小，生長(zhǎng)緩慢，死亡率高；其次，氣候變更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火導(dǎo)致了森林的消逝，因此以森林為“家”的物種被迫發(fā)生變更，甚至死亡。21．B句意：當(dāng)溫度上升時(shí)，樹(shù)木會(huì)將樹(shù)皮閉合，以防止水分流失，而這反過(guò)來(lái)又會(huì)減慢光合作用的進(jìn)程。protect愛(ài)護(hù)；prevent阻擋；save挽救；free釋放。依據(jù)后文“thelossofwater”可知，樹(shù)木將樹(shù)皮閉合是為了阻擋水分的流失。故選B項(xiàng)。22．C句意同上題。movement活動(dòng)；situation狀況；process進(jìn)程；operation操作。結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境，樹(shù)木閉合了樹(shù)皮來(lái)防止水分流失，這反過(guò)來(lái)又減緩了光合作用的進(jìn)程(process)。故選C項(xiàng)。23．A句意：因此，這些樹(shù)較矮，生長(zhǎng)緩慢，死亡率也較高。higher更高的；firmer更堅(jiān)實(shí)的；lighter更光明的；smaller更小的。依據(jù)上文“thesetreesareshorterandgrowslowly”可知，樹(shù)木矮小，生長(zhǎng)緩慢，所以死亡率也會(huì)更高了。故選A項(xiàng)。24．D句意：氣候變更也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。choice選擇；measure測(cè)量；qualification資格；chance可能性，機(jī)會(huì)。依據(jù)后文“Afterwildfires”可知，全球氣溫上升增加了干旱和野火發(fā)生的可能性。故選D項(xiàng)。25．C句意：野火過(guò)后，森林系統(tǒng)須要一段時(shí)間才能復(fù)原，在某些狀況下，森林會(huì)永久無(wú)法復(fù)原。grow生長(zhǎng)；rescue營(yíng)救；recover復(fù)原；decline下降。結(jié)合上文“Afterwildfires,ittakesawhilefortheforestsystemsto…”可知，野火焚燒了森林之后，森林系統(tǒng)須要時(shí)間才能復(fù)原。故選C項(xiàng)。26．B句意同上題。ignored被忽視的；lost無(wú)法復(fù)原的；hurt受傷的；left左邊的。結(jié)合上文可知野火焚燒了森林，森林須要時(shí)間來(lái)復(fù)原，但是某些狀況下，森林也可能不能復(fù)原了。故選B項(xiàng)。27．A句意：壓力大的樹(shù)木也簡(jiǎn)單受到細(xì)菌的攻擊。accessible易接近的；enjoyable快樂(lè)的；acceptable可接受的；favourable贊成的。依據(jù)后文“toattacksbybacteria”可知，樹(shù)木也簡(jiǎn)單受到細(xì)菌的攻擊。短語(yǔ)beaccessibleto“簡(jiǎn)單進(jìn)入的，簡(jiǎn)單接近的”。故選A項(xiàng)。28．D句意：在熱帶森林中，以樹(shù)木為支撐的藤本植物常常令樹(shù)木窒息，并剝奪樹(shù)木的養(yǎng)分。attention留意力；command吩咐；trust信任；support支撐，支持。結(jié)合上文“vinesthatusethetreesas”可知，藤本植物是以樹(shù)木為支撐的，故選D項(xiàng)。29．C句意：最終，人類(lèi)通過(guò)伐木，毀壞了森林景觀。frightened使膽怯 ；paid支付；ruined毀滅；wasted奢侈。結(jié)合后文“theforestlandscapethroughlogging”可知，人類(lèi)伐木毀壞了森林景觀。故選C項(xiàng)。30．B句意：當(dāng)樹(shù)木被重新種植在土壤上時(shí)，它們恒久不會(huì)長(zhǎng)得像原來(lái)被砍伐的樹(shù)那么大。common一般的；original原來(lái)的；distant遙遠(yuǎn)的；strong強(qiáng)壯的。結(jié)合后文“treesthatwerecutdown”可知，此處指的是，人們新種植的樹(shù)木，不會(huì)長(zhǎng)得像原來(lái)被砍伐的樹(shù)那么大了。故選B項(xiàng)。31．A句意：隨著這些森林的消逝，曾經(jīng)把它們稱(chēng)為“家”的物種被迫變更，影響了這些系統(tǒng)的多樣性。affecting影響；improving改善；forgetting遺忘；reflecting反射。承接上文“Astheseforestsdisappear,speciesthatoncecalledthem’home’areforcedtochange”可知，森林的消逝，變更了這些物種，也影響了這些物種的多樣性。故選A項(xiàng)。32．D句意：不幸的是，一些瀕危物種無(wú)法適應(yīng)而死亡。Besides而且；Surprisingly驚人地；Otherwise否則；Unfortunately不幸地。依據(jù)后文“someendangeredspeciesareunableto”可知，某些物種很不幸的是，無(wú)法適應(yīng)這些變更，只能死亡。故選D項(xiàng)。33．C句意同上題。devote貢獻(xiàn)；keep保持；adapt適應(yīng)；lead帶領(lǐng)。依據(jù)上文“speciesthatoncecalledthem’home’areforcedtochange”可知，物種被迫發(fā)生變更了，而某些物種無(wú)法適應(yīng)，只能死去。故選C項(xiàng)。34．A句意：當(dāng)森林死亡時(shí)，在同一地區(qū)重新建立的年輕森林由于植被不良，而變得更弱更小。dueto因?yàn)?；inadditionto另外；insteadof而不是；inspiteof盡管。依據(jù)后文“poorvegetation”可知，此處指年輕森林由于(dueto)植被不良，而變得更弱更小。故選A項(xiàng)。35．B句意：隨著樹(shù)木不斷地死亡，子孫后代會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)森林的奇跡嗎？pass通過(guò)；miss錯(cuò)過(guò)；break打破；bring帶來(lái)。結(jié)合后文“outonthewondersofforests”可知，此處指錯(cuò)過(guò)森林的奇跡。短語(yǔ)missout“錯(cuò)過(guò)”。故選B項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1．5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)EachtimeItaketheundergroundIfindmyself36．________(surround)bydozensofpassengersplayingsmart-phones.Theyalmostwon’tevengiveaglanceattheoutsideworld.Youmaythinkitisnormaltoplaysmart-phones37．________(kill)time.What’sworse,whenItalkwithsomeofmyfriends,theytalkasplaying,whichisreallyan38．________(annoy)．IreallymisstheolddayswhenI39．________(chat)withsomepassengersonthetrain.Nowthingsaredifferent.Everyonejustconcentrates40．________theirsmart-phones.Whentalkingwiththem,41．________seemsthatyouaredisturbingtheirplayingsmart-phones.IcouldnotjustblamethemforIammovingtobeonelikethem.SometimesIjustfeelwe42．________(large)ignoreourneighboursandwanttokeepintouchwith43．________(distance)strangersthroughtheInternet.Wecareaboutthethingsfarawaybutpaynoattentiontotheneedsnearby.44．________ridiculousthesituationis!Inawaywe45．________(control)bysmart-phonesnow.Areyouexperiencingthesamesituationlikeme?Doyouhaveanywaystoavoidthat?【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述的是目前社會(huì)上存在的一種現(xiàn)象，到處可以看到每個(gè)人都只專(zhuān)注于他們的智能手機(jī)，在某種程度上人們被智能手機(jī)限制著。36．surrounded考查過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：每次我乘坐地鐵，我發(fā)覺(jué)自己被幾十名玩智能手機(jī)的乘客包圍。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：find＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此處myself和surround之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填surrounded。37．tokill考查動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：你可能認(rèn)為玩智能手機(jī)來(lái)消磨時(shí)間很正常。此處應(yīng)是玩手機(jī)的目的。故填tokill。38．a(chǎn)nnoyance考查名詞。句意：更糟糕的是，當(dāng)我和我的一些摯友閑聊時(shí)，他們邊玩邊閑聊，這真的很煩人。依據(jù)an可知此空用名詞形式。故填annoyance。39．chatted考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我很懷念以前在火車(chē)上和一些乘客閑聊的日子。結(jié)合句意可知此處指過(guò)去的事情，所以句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填chatted。40．on考查固定詞組。句意：每個(gè)人都只專(zhuān)注于他們的智能手機(jī)。固定詞組：concentrateon“集中精力于”。故填on。41．it考查固定句式。句意：與他們交談時(shí)，你似乎打攪了他們玩智能手機(jī)。固定句式：itseemsthat…“似乎，似乎”。故填it。42．largely考查副詞。句意：有時(shí)我只是覺(jué)得我們很大程度上忽視了鄰居，想通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與遠(yuǎn)方的生疏人保持聯(lián)系。此處ignore“忽視”是動(dòng)詞，由副詞來(lái)修飾。故填largely。43．distant考查形容詞。句意：有時(shí)我只是覺(jué)得我們很大程度上忽視了鄰居，想通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與遠(yuǎn)方的生疏人保持聯(lián)系。此處strangers是名詞，由形容詞來(lái)修飾。故填distant。44．How考查感嘆句。句意：這種狀況多么可笑??！這是一個(gè)感嘆句，此處ridiculous是形容詞，用how來(lái)修飾。故填How。45．a(chǎn)recontrolled考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在某種程度上，我們現(xiàn)在被智能手機(jī)限制著。此處指目前的一種事實(shí)，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和句子主語(yǔ)we之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填arecontrolled。第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分15分)假定你是李華，和父母乘英國(guó)某航空公司的航班ZF2730從上海到英國(guó)倫敦去看球賽，但是本該16點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦的飛機(jī)無(wú)故延時(shí)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，導(dǎo)致你們錯(cuò)過(guò)了19點(diǎn)的競(jìng)賽。請(qǐng)你就此用英語(yǔ)給該航空公司寫(xiě)一封投訴信。留意：1．寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)位置作答。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearSirorMadam，IamwritingtoexpressmydissatisfactionwiththedelayofflightZF2730onAugust18thfromShanghaitoLondon.IhopedtowatchafootballmatchinLondonwithmyparents.Wehadalreadybookedtheticketsforthefootballmatch.Ithoughtourplanwasexcellent,fortheflightwasscheduledtoarriveattheairportinLondonat16：00andthematchwouldbeginat19：00,whichmeantwewouldhaveenoughtimetotransportourselvesfromtheairporttothestadium.However,theplanewasdelayedbytwohours,whichmadeusmissthematch.Wehopethatyouwillgiveusagoodreasonforthedelayoftheflight,returnsomemoneyandmakeanefforttopreventarecurrenceofthiskind.Yours，LiHua其次節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分25分)閱讀下面