2025版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)Unit3Inventorsandinventions高考題型分組訓(xùn)練新人教版選修8

PAGEPAGE1Unit3Inventorsandinventions高考題型分組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解板塊訓(xùn)練——重細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，練速度(限時(shí)：25分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AAgroupcalledtheNationalCenterforFatheringlaunchedaprogramforAmericanmenalmost20yearsago.TheprogramiscalledWatchD．O.G.S.,whichis_the_abbreviation_forDadsofGreatStudents.TheprogramtriestogetmentospendmoretimeservingasvolunteersatschoolsacrosstheUnitedStates.Mostofthemenarefathers.Buttheycanalsobegrandfathers,unclesandstep-fathers.AdamMehmudisavolunteerathisson'sschoolthroughtheprogram“WatchD．O.G.S.”.Theprogramwastheideaoftwomen,bothdads.TheylaunchedWatchD．O.G.S.aftertwoboys,aged13and11,shotandkilledfourpeopleatanArkansasschoolin1998.Studiesshowthatchildrengenerallydobetterinschoolwhenfathersareengagedintheirday-to-dayactivities.Onestudyin2013foundthatafather'sengagementcanhelpachildsucceedinschool.Itcanalsoincreasethechild'schancesoffinishinghighschool,whilereducinghisorherriskofdrugabuse.TheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionreportedthefindings.MehmudhasbeenaWatchD．O.G.S.volunteerforthreeyears.“Thesedays，”hesays,“technologycantakeoverachild'slife.Itisharderforparentstofindtimetoconnectwiththeirchildren.Buttheschooldayisfreefromvideogamesandsmartphones.”AdamMehmudsaidheandothermenseehowinteractionsthatmayseemsmallcanhelpchildrenlearntherightwaytodothings.“Iseemysonsdoverythoughtfulthings,andhopefullypartofthereasonforthatisbecauseItrytodothingsforothers,too，”Mehmudsaid.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。文章介紹了美國的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目——WatchD．O.G.S.，激勵(lì)父親在子女的學(xué)校做志愿者，并闡述了該項(xiàng)目帶來的好處。1．Theunderlinedphrase“istheabbreviationfor”inParagraph1canbereplacedby“________”．A．standsfor B．caresforC．leavesfor D．paysfor[解析]詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線短語后的“DadsofGreatStudents”可知，此處D.O.G.S.是DadsofGreatStudents的縮寫形式。由此可推出istheabbreviationfor的意思是“是……的縮寫”，故A項(xiàng)符合題意。[答案]A2．What'stheaimoftheprogramWatchD．O.G.S.?A．Tohelpmenfindjobs.B．Tohelpteachersteachbetter.C．Togetmentovolunteeratschool.D．Tomakemoney.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段第三句“TheprogramtriestogetmentospendmoretimeservingasvolunteersatschoolsacrosstheUnitedStates.”可知，該項(xiàng)目設(shè)置的目的是讓男士在學(xué)校做志愿者。故選C項(xiàng)。[答案]C3．Afather'sengagementhasmanybenefitsEXCEPT________.A．helpingchildrenfinishhighschoolB．preparingchildrenfortheirfuturecareerC．reducingchildren'sriskofdrugabuseD．helpingchildrenlearntherightwaytodothings[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“canhelpachildsucceedinschool”，“increasethechild'schancesoffinishinghighschool”和“reducinghisorherriskofdrugabuse”以及第四段中的“canhelpchildrenlearntherightwaytodothings”可知，A、C、D三項(xiàng)均是該項(xiàng)目帶來的好處。故選B項(xiàng)。[答案]B4．WhatcanweinferfromMehmud'swords?A．Theprogramisnothelpfulatall.B．Parentsaretoobusytostaywiththeirchildren.C．Parentsarethemostimportantpartinschooleducation.D．Childrenarelikelytobeaddictedtoelectronicproductsathome.[解析]推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段馬哈茂德所說的話，特殊是“Buttheschooldayisfreefromvideogamesandsmartphones.”可知，孩子們?cè)诩視?huì)沉溺于電子產(chǎn)品。故選D項(xiàng)。[答案]DB(2024·北京卷)Plastic－EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng)),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2024.FedericaBertocchini,co－authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon－carbonbond,isthereaswell，”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)?Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇科技類說明文，介紹了西班牙和英國的探討者最近的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于蠟螟蟲能夠分解塑料中的聚乙烯的探討。5．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A．Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B．Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C．Theycanconsumeplastics.D．Theywindupinlandfills.[解析]推理推斷題。通過文章其次段的試驗(yàn)探討可知，這種蟲子可以消耗分解塑料。故答案為C。[答案]C6．AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto________.A．identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB．findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC．confirmtheresearchfindingsD．increasethebreakdownspeed[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終兩句可知，下一步JenniferDeBruyn要找出這種蟲子分解塑料的緣由所在，即這種分解酶是由這種蟲子分泌的，還是由它腸道里的微生物產(chǎn)生的。[答案]B7．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight________.A．helptoraisewormsB．helpmakeplasticbagsC．beusedtocleantheoceansD．beproducedinfactoriesinfuture[解析]推理推斷題。從最終一段最終一句中的insomekindofindustrialprocess可推斷出，此處是說在某種工業(yè)過程中運(yùn)用這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)。[答案]D8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B．Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C．Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D．Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco－balance.[解析]推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理推斷，可知本文的寫作目的就是為了介紹一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺——蠟螟蟲可以分解塑料。故答案為C。[答案]CⅡ.七選五閱讀填空FourReasonstoLookforaSummerJobYoumayhaveheardallkindsofnegativestuff(東西)againandagainaboutthissummer'sjobmarket.__1__Buttheyareoutthere.Sogoforit.Ifyoudon'tlandthejobyouwant,you'llstillgainsomethingfromtheprocess.Developyourinterviewskills.Themorejobsyouapplyfor,thebetteryou'llgetatinterviewing.__2__Ithelpswitheverythingfromgettingintocollegetolandingafull-timejobwhenthetimecomes.Getbetteratdealingwithrejection.__3__Rejectionisafactoflife,andthere'snodenying(否認(rèn))thatitcanbehardtohandle.Thegoodnewsisthatthemorewefacerejectionandlearntodealwiththefeelingsthatgowithit,theeasieritbecomestogetpastthehurtandbounceback.__4__Didyoutakeajobthatwasn'tyourfirstchoice?Youmightdiscoveranewskillorinterestyouneverknewyouhad.Getofferedtheperfectjob?Feelyourself-esteemsoar(急升)!Andifnothingworksout?Youmaydecidetostartyourownbusiness.Pushthelimitsofyourcomfortzone.Yes,it'saloteasiertosithomedoingthesamestuffyoualwaysdo.Butgoingoutjob－h(huán)untingcanpushyououtofthatcomfortzoneintoawholenewexperience.__5__A．Facelesscompetition.B．Learnsomethingaboutyourself.C．Andyouneverknowwhatyoumayfind.D．Youhavenothingtoloseandlotstogain.E．It'sunlikelytogetthefirstjobyouinterviewfor.F．Itistruethatjobsforteenagerscanbetoughtofind.G．Learninghowtocomeacrosswellinaninterviewisaskillyou'lluseforever.語篇解讀：本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。作者列舉了建議青少年暑期作兼職的四個(gè)理由。1．[解析]依據(jù)空前的“allkindsofnegativestuff(東西)”及空后的“Buttheyareoutthere.”可知，前后句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。[答案]F2．[解析]依據(jù)本段的主題句“Developyourinterviewskills.”以及G項(xiàng)中的“aninterview”“askill”與“interviewskills”的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系可知G項(xiàng)符合語境。[答案]G3．[解析]依據(jù)該段主題句“Getbetteratdealingwithrejection.”以及空后內(nèi)容得知，E項(xiàng)“第一次面試就得到工作不大可能”符合語境。[答案]E4．[解析]其余三個(gè)主題句均是祈使句，故本空也應(yīng)填一個(gè)祈使句，只有A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)符合這個(gè)要