22閱讀首字母填空自由填空型等解題技巧講解（原卷版）-2024年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解提分寶典

22閱讀首字母填空、自由填空型等解題技巧講解首字母填空，即每個(gè)空格開(kāi)頭給了一個(gè)字母作為提示，全篇共710個(gè)空格。學(xué)生需要在句子的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使句子意思完整、語(yǔ)法正確。文章中提供的首字母同時(shí)起著提示和限定的作用，一定程度上增加了題目的難度，因?yàn)檫x擇少了；但是好處是給了字母提示，選擇的方向清晰了。想要做好這類題，必須掌握以下幾點(diǎn)。01通過(guò)上下文找答案首先，我們可以先跳過(guò)空格把短文從頭到尾迅速讀一遍來(lái)理解文章的大概內(nèi)容，為填寫意思相符的答案做好準(zhǔn)備。切記：只見(jiàn)樹(shù)林不見(jiàn)森林這八個(gè)字，只有全篇的意思清楚了，你才有可能根據(jù)文章意思判斷細(xì)節(jié)處的答案；此外，有些空格的答案是要根據(jù)后文的線索才能推出來(lái)，如果不通讀文章而只讀空格所在的這句話，答案很難得出。所以，通讀全文很關(guān)鍵，你絞盡腦汁想不出的答案，可能就在文中的某個(gè)角落默默注視你。02通過(guò)精讀句子找答案很多時(shí)候，我們把文章通讀一遍之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)有幾個(gè)題目還是找不到答案，這些被篩出來(lái)的題目所在的句子，就需要我們進(jìn)行精讀。03通過(guò)固定搭配找答案固定搭配是閱讀理解填詞的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，需要我們迅速地找到空格前后的介詞或副詞，來(lái)決定空格處填入的單詞。04復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案按照以上幾種方法順利找到所有答案之后，需要把文章再讀一遍，看看填入空格的是不是最佳選擇，拼寫是否有誤，詞形是否要作必要的變化，短文是否前后連貫一致，情節(jié)發(fā)展是否合理，議論是否合乎邏輯，等等。在做這一步時(shí)，大家應(yīng)該從詞法、句法、習(xí)慣用法等方面考慮答案的準(zhǔn)確性，做到含義、形式都正確。除了首字母填空，短文填空還包括：根據(jù)中文寫英文、用括號(hào)里所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空、沒(méi)有任何提示詞自由填空。這幾種題型可以根據(jù)第21講的解題技巧、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、固定搭配做題。【真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】（2023·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。Asmileshowsthatapersonishappy.Forexample,apersonmaysmilewhenheorsheisp1withsomeprogressinstudies.Orapersonmaysmileifafriendtellsafunnyjoke.Thereareothergoodr2tosmileoften.First,itise3tosmilethantoshowunhappiness.Infact,itonlytakes17muscles(肌肉)tosmile.Ontheotherhand,ittakes43musclestoshowunhappiness.Sogivethemusclesinyourf4arestandsmile!Second,smilesarenice.Peoplemaytrytol5nicebyexercisingorwearingniceclothes.However,peopleoftensayasmileisthebestthingapersoncanwear.Thatisbecauseitiseasytobea6someonewhoissmilingandhappy.Almostnoonewantstostaywithsomeonewhoisalwaysunhappy.Third,smileshavepower(感染力).Bothsmilingandlaughingcaneasilyandquicklys7fromonepersontoanother.Ifonepersonsmiles,peoplearoundhimorherwanttosmile,too.Similarly,whenapersonlaughs,peopletend(往往會(huì))tolaughwithhimorher.Ifapersoniss8,thebestthingtodoistoshareasmileoralaugh.Itistheeasiestwaytocheersomeoneup.F9,smilingandlaughingareverygoodforthebody.Eventhoughyouaresad,trysmiling.You’llfindthatitwillbedifficulttos10sadforverylong!（2023·江蘇揚(yáng)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和首字母提示，在下文空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使短文完整。在答題卡標(biāo)有題號(hào)的橫線上，完整地寫出空缺處各單詞的正確形式。（每空一詞）PeterPanwishesWendy,JohnandMichael,especiallyWendy,wouldstayinNeverlandforever,butfinallytheDarlingchildrendecidetoflybackhomeandgrowup.“Quick,Tink,”Peterwhispers.“S1thewindow.ThenwhenWendyesback,shewillthinkhermotherdoesn’tloveheranymore,andshewillreturntoNeverlandwithme.”Mrs.Darlingisplayingthepiano.Peterdidn’tknowthetune,Home,SweetHome,b2heknowsit’ssaying,“eback,Wendy,Wendy,Wendy.”PeterlooksthroughthedoorandseestwobigtearsinMrs.Darling’seyes.“ShelovesWendy,”hethinks.“ButIloveWendy,too.Wec3bothhaveher.”HelooksatMrs.Darlingagain.Thetwotearsarestillsittingonhere4.“Oh,allright,”hesaysatlast,sadly.Thenheopensthewindow.WhenWendy,John,andMichaelarrive,theyfindthewindowo5forthem.Theyallgetintobedtosurprisetheirmother.WhenMrs.Darlinggoesbacktothechildren’sroom,theyareallintheirbeds.Theywaitforhertosaysomething,butshesaysn6.Shethinkssheisdreaming.Shesitsbythefire.Thechildrenaresow7.Whyisn’ttheirmotherhappytoseethemagain?Allthreeofthemjumpoutofbed,runtoherandshout,“Mother!”Sherealizessheisnotd8anymore.Mr.DarlingandNanaein.Theyareallsohappy.Peterw9themfromthewindowbutheislookingatsomethinghewillneverhave.Manyyearspass.WhenPetervisitsWendyagain,shehasg10upandhasadaughterofherown.Peterisstillaboywhocan’tgrowup.—TakenfromPeterPan（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文意思和首字母提示，寫出一個(gè)完整正確的單詞。ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendarhas24solarterms(節(jié)氣)inayear.AncientChinesepeoplecreatedthissystemtom1thechangeoftimebasedonthesun’sposition.Inancienttimes,thissystemguidedfarmingactivities.Itt2farmerswhattodoaccordingtothechangesintemperature.Today,24solartermsstillplayanimportantroleinChinesepeople’se3life.Theyremindpeopleofthechangesins4andtoeatsuitablefood.Thisancienttimesystemhasgainednewcharmnow.InBeijing2022WinterOlympics,thedirectorusedanewcountdown(倒計(jì)時(shí))method,showing24solartermsinsteadofnumbers.Thiscreativemethodwasgreatlyp5bypeoplearoundtheworld.TheyareamazedbythewisdomofChinesepeople.（2023·江蘇徐州·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，寫出所缺單詞，使短文完整、通順。AlihasworkedandlivedinShandongProvinceforalmostsixyears.Whenhisfriendssuggestedg1toRizhaoforatwodaytrip,thefirstthingsthatcameintohismindwereitsbeautifulbeachesandniceseafood.Rizhaocertainlygoesb2that!Itisalso“hometownofgreentea”innorthernChina.Rizhaol3inthesoutheastofShandongProvinceneartheYellowSea.Ithaspleasantweather,richsoil,andenoughsunlight.Allthesemakeits4forgrowinghighqualitygreentea.Alihadthechancetopicktealeavesforthefirsttimeinhislife.“ThisisthefirsttimeI’velearnedaboutChineseteaculture.It’sanewandexcitingexperienceforme.It’sfantastic!”Alisaidwithasmileonhisf5.（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)上下文和所給的首字母寫出所缺單詞。注意使用正確形式，每空限填一詞。TodayisDuanwuJie,orDragonBoatFestival,oneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina.Chinesepeopler1thegreatpatrioticpoet(愛(ài)國(guó)詩(shī)人)QuYuanbyrowingdragonboatsandmakingzongzionthisday.Myvillageisfamousforitsgreatprotectionoftraditionalc2andwehavethebestdragonboatraceteamofthecity.Everyyear,villagersraiseourdragonboatsfromundertheriveraboutamonthbeforethefestival.Andthenitisc3cleanedandrepainted.Ourdragonboatisalready40yearsold.Madeofaspecialkindofwood,itisstillstrongenoughtol4foralongtime.Thisyear,myelderbrotherisacceptedintoourdragonboatraceteamasitsyoungestmember.He’sonly18,andI’msop20ofhim.（2023·山東東營(yíng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。MyparentsgotArthur’sFamilyLaundromat(洗衣店)frommygrandfather.Itwasatruefamilybusiness.Myfather,mymotherandmyauntwereresponsiblefordifferentjobs.E1myretired(退休的)grandfatherhelpswiththecleaningnowandthen.MyfathersaidthatthemostimportantmachineintheLaundromatwasn’tthewashingmachine.Itwasthecoffeepotbythedoor.Thecoffeewasfreeandalmosteveryc2wouldhaveacupandchatwithmyfamilywhilewaitingfortheircleanclothes.Inthehoursa3schooloronweekends,itwasmyjobtokeepthecoffeepotfull.Atleasttentimeseachday,Iwouldcleanupthewetcoffeegrounds(咖啡渣),weigh40gofcoffeebeans,fillthepotwithwater,andturnonthecoffeemachine.Itwassuchab4jobthatIcouldhavedoneitinmysleep.Irememberplainingonebusyday.“W5dowehavetogiveawaycoffee?We’reaLaundromat,notacoffeeshop!”Isaidangrily.Myfatherwassurprisedatmyattitude.Atoncehes6whathewasdoingtotalktome.Withapatientbutseriousexpressiononhisf7hespoke:“Son,peoplechooseourlaundromatb8weservethemlikefriends.Weofferthemacupofcoffee.Wechatwiththem,laughwiththemandconnectwiththem.Peopledon’tjustneedap9tocleantheirclothes.Theyneedfriendship.Thatiswhyyourjobisthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.”Myfather’swordshadtheexpectedeffect.Fromthenon,Idothejobmorec10.Afterall,Ihadthemostimportantjobinthelaundromat.（2023·山東聊城·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處按要求填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。每空1個(gè)單詞。ZhaoYafuisanoldagricultural（農(nóng)業(yè)的）researcherinJiangsuProvince.Hespendsmostoftheyearworking1（介詞）thefields.Bornin1941,Zhao’schildhooddreamwastobee2（冠詞）newsreporter.Whenhewasatcollege,Zhaosawhowhardliveswereinthecountryside,3（連詞）hedecidedtodosomethingtohelp.Hebegantoteachagriculturalsciencetothefarmersinaprimary4(school)inthevillage.“Thevillagersneededsomeonetohelp5(they)changetheirmindsandlearnnewtechniques（技術(shù)）,”Zhaosaid.Zhaokepton6(encourage)thefarmerstousethenewtechniquesandtoplantnewkindsofrice,whichbroughtinalotofmoney.Astimewentby,morenew7(house)androadswerebuiltinthevillage.AndthevillagerscametounderstandthatZhao8(real)wantedtohelpthem.BesidesworkinginJiangsu,Zhaoandhisteamarealso9(active)inWesternChina.Since2013,theyhavehelpedmanyfarmersinWesternChinabeerich.“Isawhowpoorvillagersusedtobe,andIalsoseehowtheyhave10(change)overtheyears.Iwillcontinuewithmyworkifmyhealthisnottoobad,”saidZhao.（2023·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀短文，根據(jù)首字母或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使文章語(yǔ)義通順。DoyouknowChina’sTeethCareDay?ItfallsonS120theveryyear.Itbeganin1989.Itsaimistotakegoodcareof2(people)teeth.TherearethirtyeightstudentsinWangBin’sclass,andelevenof3(they)havetoothproblemswhichbringthemalotoftrouble.MaoKangsaid,“Ihadthreebadteeth.Eachtoothc4mefourhundredyuan,andIhadtoseethedentistfivetimes.”LiuJiansaid,“Somethingiswrongwithmyfrontteeth.Idon’tliketoopenmymouth.Myclassmatessaymyteethlooklikeanoldwoman’s.I’msadtohearthat.AndIcan’tspeak5(clear)now.”Doyouhavegoodteeth,myfriend?Ifyouwanttotakecareofyourteeth,pleasefollowthef6suggestionsbelow:◆Brushyourteethat7(little)onceaday.Ifyoucan,brushthemaftereverymeal.◆Brushallyourteeth,anddonotjustbrushthefronto8.◆Brushyourteethslowlyandcarefully.Spendfourminutesormoreeachtime.◆Donotuseyourteetha9toolstoopenbottles.It’sveryeasytohurtyourteethtodosuchjobs.◆Eatinganddrinkingarealsoimportanttoyourteeth.Eatlotsoffruitsandvegetablesanddrinkwater.Trynot10(drink)Cokeorotherdrinks.（2023·湖南岳陽(yáng)·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀填空。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文中空格處填上一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。Volunteeringmeansthatsomeoneworkstohelppeoplewithoutbeingpaid.Volunteershelppeoplewhoreallyneedhelp.Therearemanyplaceswhereyoucanseedifferentvolunteers.Atschoolgates,youcanseesomevolunteerswithredvests(馬甲).Canyouguess1theyare?Theyareparentvolunteers.Whenstudentsgo2thestreet,parentvolunteers3upa“SLOW”signtoletdriversslowdown.Inordertobeeprofessionaltrafficvolunteers,parentsaresupposedtolearnhowtogivedirectionstostudentsandstopthemfrom4soccerontheroad.5ofthesevolunteers,studentscangettoschoolandgobackhomesafely.YueyangDailyreportsmanyparentsarelooking6tobeingavolunteer.Theywishtomakeanefforttoprotectstudents’safety.Anothergroupof“redvests”showuponmainroads.Theyhelpcleanerspickupdirtypaper,plasticbags,glassbottlesandsoon.Theyaskthepassersby(路人)nottothrowtherubbisheverywhere.“7youpleasetakeawayyourrubbish?”“Wouldyoumindpickingupyourcigarettebutts(煙頭)?...”8theirworkseemssimple,theystilltakeitseriously.Whereveryougo,youcanseevolunteersinredvests,theyhavebeethemostbeautifulscenesinourcity.Someteenagers9theirfreetimeinhospitalsoroldpeople’shomes.Theycheersickkidsuporlookafteroldpeople.Inthecountryside,somecollegestudentsplayanimportantrole10volunteering.Theycanprovidescienceandtechnologyhelpforfarmers.Somevolunteersworkasteachersinvillageschools.Alotofvolunteersgivetheirkindnesswithahelpingband.Theycanmakeadifferencetopeopleinneedandthesociety.（2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)下面短文內(nèi)容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文完整、通順。請(qǐng)將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的位置。Afterexercising,thefirstthingthatyouwanttodoistodrinkupaglassofcoldwater.Whenthewatertravelsdownyourthroat,youwill1sogood.However,youareoftentoldnottodoso.Isdrinking2waterreallyunhealthy?Coldwaterissaidtoslowdownaperson’sdigestion(消化).Havingcoldwateroracolddrinkmakesyourbody’stemperaturel3.Coldwatercausesyourbloodvessels(血管)tobeenarrower(更狹窄的).So,thebodyneedstoburnenergytobringyour4backtonormal.Atthesametime,lessenergyisusedfordigestion.Thinkofyourdigestivesystemasaburningpot.Ifsomeonesuddenlypouredcoldwaterintothispotwhatwould5?Doingthiswouldbedangerous.Similarly,whenyoudrinkcoldwaterwhileeating,itis6addingwatertoaburningpot.Ofcourse,itisn’tthatbad,butitisagoodwaytoexplainwhydrinkingcoldwaterduringmealsmaybeabadidea.7youcannotcontrolyoururge(沖動(dòng))todoso,drinkingwateratroomtemperatureisabetterchoice.TraditionalChinesemedicinesuggeststryingtoavoiddrinkingcoldwater.AndmodernstudiesinEuropepointoutdrinkingcoldwatercausesheadaches.Scientistsaredoingmoreresearchonthis.Maybeinthefuturet8cangiveusmorehelpfulinformation.（2023·山東濟(jì)南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastMarchIlostmycamerawhileIwasonaschooltrip.Ileftitonthebusonthewaybackto1(we)school.Icalledthebuspanythenextday2(check)iftheycouldfindit,butitwasn’tthere.Myparentsgotreallyangryandtoldmetheycouldn’tbuymeanewone.I3(know)theywereright,soIdecidedIwouldgetonebymyself.Istartedthinkingofwaystomakeandsavemoney.Myparents4(usual)giveme￡8everyweek,sothefirstthingIdidwastokeepthemoney5thesmallboxonthebookcase.IalsoofferedtohelpmyuncleAlan.He’softenawayforwork,buthecan’t6(take)hisdogwithhim.Istartedtolookafterhisdogwhenhewasn’tathome.Aftersometime,myuncle’sneighborssawme.TheyaskedmeifIcouldhelpwiththeircats,dogsandrabbits,too.So,Istartedworkingforthree7(family)livingacrossthestreet.InlessthanthreemonthsIhadenoughmoneytobuyanewcamera.ItwasthesameastheoneIhadlost,buttomeitwasmuch8(nice).Ipaidforitwith9moneyImadeanditfeltverydifferent.ThisexperienceteachesmewhatitmeanstoworkhardandI10(learn)thatyoumustbecarefulwiththethingsyouhave,becausetheytakealotofhardwork.（2023·浙江臺(tái)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給中文提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。KnifepeelednoodlesareakindoffoodinShanxiProvince,enjoyinggreatfameanda1(歷史)ofhundredsofyears.Thenameshowsthewaythedishisprepared.A2(廚師)holdsdough(面團(tuán))inonehand,andcutsitintopieceswithaspecialknifeintheotherhand.Thentheyaredirectlythrownintoapotofboilingwater.Thewholeprocesslookslikean3(令人興奮的)kungfuperformance.Asonepieceofnoodlefallsintotheboilingwater,the4(第二)isflyingintheair,andthethirdhasjustbeenpeeledoff.Within5(僅僅)aminute,200piecesofnoodlescanbecutout.Thenoodleshaveashapeofa6(葉子),withmediumthicknessandthinedges.Thenoodlesaresmoothand7(柔軟的).Shanxipeoplehaveaspecialfeelingwhenhavingthiskindofnoodles.Ontheirbirthdays,a8(碗)ofnoodlesmeanslonglife;attheSpringFestival,people9(吃)noodlesforasuccessfulnewyear.KnifepeelednoodlesinShanxiarenotmadejusttosatisfya10(饑餓的)stomach,butawaytoexpressChinesepeople’sfeelingsoflife.（2023·四川南充·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式，并將答案寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的橫線上。HowcanIbeeabetterperson?Thisquestionhasbeeninmyheadforlong.Asstudents,wespendmostofourtime1(study).Iknowthatlearningatschool2(make)usbetterpersons,butIalwaysdreamofdoingmore.Lastyear,Igottoknowagroupofautistic(患自閉癥的)children.Wecalled3(they)“theSnails”.Itwashardtomunicatewiththematfirst,becausetheywouldn’tliketo.After4twoweektraining,Ibecamemoreskilledandgot5(close)tothemdaybyday.Ialsoreceivedmuch6(please)whenplayingwiththem.What’smore,Ifoundthateveryoneof“theSnails”hadhisorherowntalent.Andtheircolorfulpicturesonthewallcaughtmyspecialattention,7itwasdifficulttotellwhattheyweretryingtoexpress.8(deep)movedbytheirpictures,Idecidedtoholdacharity(慈善)sale.Wewalkedonthebusystreet,sellingtheircreativepictures.60pictures9(sell)thatday.Peoplethoughttheirpictureswerefull10imagination.Backtothequestionabouthowtobeeabetterperson,IthinkI’mluckyenoughtogetmyownanswer.（2023·浙江麗水·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，然后根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)所給漢語(yǔ)意思寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。Weusuallywearsockstokeepourfeetwarm.Butsockscanhaveamessage,too!Whosaysyoursocks1(必須)match?WecelebratedMismatchedSocksDayatschoollastweek.On2(星期一)morning,everyoneworedifferentsocksoneachfootandmetattheschool3(大門).Itwasalotoffun,butwhydidwedoit?TheideaofMismatchedSocksDayisthatit’snot4(壞的、糟的)tobespecialandunique.Kidscanbe5(自豪的)oftheirdifferences.IttakesplaceonthefirstdayofAntiBullyingWeekeachyear.Abullyisapersonwho6(傷害、使疼痛)orscaresotherpeople.Olderandstrongerchildren7(有時(shí))bullytheyounger,weakerchildren,orchildrenwhoaredifferent.Wewanttostopbullyingatourschool.Everyoneneedstofeelhappyand8(安全的).That’swhywecelebrateMismatchedSocksDay.Eachyear,athemeischosentohelpstudentsto9(記住)thatit’sgoodtobedifferentandthatallchildrenareimportant.Astheeventhasgrown,morepeoplejoinandtakethe10(機(jī)會(huì))tohelpfightoffbullying.CelebratingMismatchedSocksDayisnotjustfun.Itmakesadifferenceinthelivesofyoungpeopleallovertheworld!（2023·福建·統(tǒng)考中考真題）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境或所給單詞的提示，在每個(gè)空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，要求所填的詞意義準(zhǔn)確、形式正確，使短文意思完整、行文連貫。NiejiazhuangVillageinWeifangisfamousforcoloredclaysculpturehandicraft(泥塑手工藝),whichdatesbacktotheMingDynasty.TheWeifanggovernmenthas1(encourage)localpeopletolearntraditionalhandicraftandmakemoremoneytogetridofpoverty(脫貧).NiePeng2(be)ayoungvillagerinNiejiazhuang.Heiscrazyaboutclaysculpturehandicraft.Hebeganlearningitfromhisfatherwhenhewas3child.Hehasledlotsofyoungcraftsmen(手藝人)inandnear4(he)villageto