專題37任務(wù)型閱讀

專題37任務(wù)型閱讀（解析版）了解中考任務(wù)型閱讀真題的出題方向和主要考點(diǎn)通過模擬題的訓(xùn)練進(jìn)一步了解任務(wù)型閱讀的做題方法中考任務(wù)型閱讀分值一般為10分或者5分，一空一分。一般分為兩種形式考察：①閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后圖表中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。②閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成下面的短文，每空一詞。任務(wù)型閱讀一般的解題思路：“審題”→“略讀”→“邊細(xì)讀邊解題”→“復(fù)核”1、“審題”，即看清題目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有數(shù)。2、“略讀”，這里指的是快速閱讀、掌握大意。在做題前要快速掃視一下文章的大意，了解閱讀材料的基本信息、語篇的文體類型，如記敘文、議論文還是說明文，作者的寫作目的與態(tài)度等，為下一步完成任務(wù)作鋪墊。3、“邊細(xì)讀邊解題”，指通過細(xì)讀題目和文章中相關(guān)信息完成指定任務(wù)。在此步驟，應(yīng)注意以下解題技巧：注意表格前的小標(biāo)題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句，有助于理解文章。理解表格設(shè)計(jì)，表格一般包括列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題，通過閱讀這些標(biāo)題和表格里的內(nèi)容，可迅速了解表格的結(jié)構(gòu)和表格的設(shè)計(jì)原理。同時(shí)也可縮小信息范圍，確定考察內(nèi)容。根據(jù)已填的內(nèi)容來推斷所填之詞的形式，是單詞或詞組。填寫答案是注意工整對(duì)稱性，要注意與已填部分的形式保持一致。比如：是ing都用ing,是名詞都用名詞。同時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、句式等，避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。4、“復(fù)核”，即檢查核對(duì)初步完成的所要求的任務(wù)。通常做法是全部填完后，把文章看一遍，檢查所填之詞是否符合文章內(nèi)容，答題是否符合規(guī)范，拼寫是否正確以及大小寫等。任務(wù)型閱讀的三大題型：1．直接信息題這類題目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，鎖定信息來源，并用文章中的詞來填空。2．信息轉(zhuǎn)換題這類題型無法從原文中找到原詞或完全一樣的原句，這需要我們對(duì)文章進(jìn)行加工或變通。這些變通大多與語法知識(shí)有關(guān)，也有些與短語搭配和固定句型有關(guān)。3．信息概括題這類題目難度大、要求高、得分低，考生要在透徹理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)文中相關(guān)信息綜合分析后提煉出新詞。此類題目主要分為兩種類型：(1)總結(jié)性詞匯。設(shè)題大多數(shù)情況下是概括文章的標(biāo)題、段落大意、事件過程、文章的目的、意義以及得出的結(jié)論等。解題關(guān)鍵eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①尋找文章或段落的主旨句,②根據(jù)問題查找定位信息，找共性的東西))(2)歸納詞。有的題目在原文中可能找不到具體的信息句。這就要求我們首先要確定信息區(qū)域，然后對(duì)該區(qū)域進(jìn)行認(rèn)真地分析歸納。解題關(guān)鍵eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①概括性在最大程度上覆蓋欄內(nèi)信息,②針對(duì)性量體裁衣，大小適度,③醒目性簡(jiǎn)潔))解任務(wù)型閱讀題時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題：1．字母的大小寫。（尤其是表格左側(cè)的單詞或者每一句話的開頭第一個(gè)單詞）2．名詞的數(shù)和格。（名詞在上下文中需要用到的復(fù)數(shù)或者所有格形式）3．動(dòng)詞的形式。（動(dòng)詞三種非謂語形式）4．形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。（比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)不規(guī)則的變形方式以及原級(jí)比較）5．動(dòng)詞或名詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配。（同義短語中介詞的替換）6．時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等。（時(shí)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)、主語和謂語達(dá)到一致的就近或者就遠(yuǎn)原則）7．格式一致。（表格內(nèi)容的同一級(jí)要用相同的形式）同義詞以及詞和詞組的轉(zhuǎn)換： 1.beginatthebeginningof2.nowayimpossible3.helpwiththehelpof4.needsthsthinneed5.graduationleaveschool6.nootherwaytheonlyway7.reducestressfeellessstressed8.neverunpopularpopular9.overgobeyond10.don’tdo/avoiddoing11.don’tdorefusetodo12.efrombebasedon13.remembersthsthinone’shearts/minds14.internationalabroad15.takenoticeofpayattentionto16.AcauseBBistheresultofA17.offersbsth/offersthtosb;providesbwithsth/providesthforsb18.cost和expensive/cheap(sthcostalot/alittle)19.if和whether(用whether不用if的四種情況：放在介詞后面；位于句首；后面加todo;和ornot連用)20.exciting和excited(修飾人用ed,修飾事物用ing)21.representstandfor22.valuablebeofvalue23.runoutbeusedup(被動(dòng))24.influencehaveaninfluenceonsth.25.takeanactivepartintakepartinsth.actively（2023·江蘇泰州·中考真題）任務(wù)型閱讀閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后圖表中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。John:Hello,ChatGPT!I’mJohn.Whatcanyoudotohelppeople?Forexample,improvetheirEnglish?ChatGPT:AsanAI(人工智能)languagemodel,IcandomanythingstohelppeopleimprovetheirEnglish.Icanofferadviceongrammarandvocabulary,helpwithpronunciationandprovidefeedback(反饋)onwrittenorspokenEnglish.What’smore,IcantakepartinconversationwithpeopleinEnglishwhichcanhelpthempracticetheirlanguageskillsinterestinglyandnaturally.WouldyoulikemetohelpyouwithanyproblemsofyourEnglish?John:No,notatthemoment.ThatsoundsevenmorepowerfulthansomeEnglishteachers.Sodoyouthinkyou’llreplace(替代)somehumanbeingsinsomeareas,suchasEnglishteachers,newsreportersorpeoplewhodocustomerservicework?ChatGPT:No.Idon’tthinkIcanreplacethempletely.ThoughIcanprovideusefulhelpinmanyareas,Iamstillamachineandtherearethingsonlyhumanbeingscando.Englishteaching,newsreportingandservingarefarmorethanskills.Theyarealsoaboutfeelings,thoughts,culturesandsoon.However,IbelievethatIcanbeavaluabletooltosupportandimprovetheworkofhumanbeingsinthesefields.Byworkingtogether,betterresultscanbeachievedtothoseweserve.John:Great.Ilikeyourideas.Somynextquestionis,whatadvicewouldyougivetohumanbeingsinordertobebetterpreparedforthefuture?ChatGPT:Goodquestion,John.Hereareafewpiecesofadviceforpeopletothinkabout.First,developthinkingability.Inaword,insteadofcopyingothers’ideas,youshouldhaveyourownthoughts.Next,learntoworktogetherwithmachines.Don’tbeafraidofAI,it’simportanttoknowhowtoworktogetherwithmachinestoimproveyourownabilities.Then,developskillsonlyhumanbeingshave,likecreativity,andempathy(共情).Fourth,keeplearningandchanging.Theworldischangingfastandit’simportanttostayuptodatewiththelatestdevelopmentsintechnologyandotherfields.Ihopethesetipsarehelpful,John.TherelationshipbetweenChatGPTandhumanbeingstoChatGPT’seyeChatGPTcanhelphumanbeingsinseverAIways,includingEnglishlearning.ChatGPTwon’treplacehumanbeings___46___,forthefollowingreasons.Peoplecan___47___severalsuggestionsfromChatGPTandkeeplearningandimproving.*Offeradviceongrammarandvocabulary.*Helpwithpronunciation.*Givefeedbackon___48___spokenandwrittenEnglish.*HaveconversationwithpeopleinEnglishtohelppeopleimprovelanguageskillsinafunand___49___way.*ChatGPTcanprovideusefulhelp,___50___itisstillamachine.Therearethingsonlyhumanbeingscando.Theyare___51___skills.Theyarealsoaboutfeelings,thoughts,culturesandsoon.*Workingtogetherwithhumanbeings,wecan___52___betterresults.*Developcriticalthinking.That’stosay,don’tcopyothers’ideas,havetheirownthoughts___53___.*Don’tbeafraidofAIandimprovetheirownabilitiesby___54___togetherwithAI.*Developskills___55___creativityandempathywhichonlyhumanbeingsown.*Alwayskeepupwiththelatestdevelopments.【答案】46.pletely47.get48.both49.natural50.but51.beyond52.achieve53.instead54.working55.like【解析】本文主要介紹約翰和ChatGPT的對(duì)話。【46題詳解】根據(jù)“Sodoyouthinkyou’llreplace(替代)somehumanbeingsinsomeareas,suchasEnglishteachers,newsreportersorpeoplewhodocustomerservicework?”和“Idon’tthinkIcanreplacethempletely.”可知，ChatGPT不能完全取代一些人，故填pletely?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)“whatadvicewouldyougivetohumanbeingsinordertobebetterpreparedforthefuture”和后文內(nèi)容可知，是人類從ChatGPT那里獲得的建議，故填get。【48題詳解】根據(jù)“Icanofferadviceongrammarandvocabulary,helpwithpronunciationandprovidefeedback(反饋)onwrittenorspokenEnglish.”可知，ChatGPT可以提供語法和詞匯方面的建議，幫助發(fā)音，并提供書面或口語方面的反饋。both...and...符合語境，故填both。【49題詳解】根據(jù)“IcantakepartinconversationwithpeopleinEnglishwhichcanhelpthempracticetheirlanguageskillsinterestinglyandnaturally”可知，我可以用英語與人交談，這可以幫助他們有趣而自然地練習(xí)他們的語言技能，此處用形容詞natural作定語，故填natural。【50題詳解】根據(jù)“ThoughIcanprovideusefulhelpinmanyareas,Iamstillamachineandtherearethingsonlyhumanbeingscando.”可知，雖然ChatGPT可以在許多領(lǐng)域提供有用的幫助，但仍然是一臺(tái)機(jī)器，有些事情只有人類才能做。前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填but。【51題詳解】根據(jù)“Englishteaching,newsreportingandservingarefarmorethanskills.Theyarealsoaboutfeelings,thoughts,culturesandsoon.”可知，英語教學(xué)、新聞報(bào)道和服務(wù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過技能。它們也涉及感情、思想、文化等等。beyond“超過”符合語境，故填beyond?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)“Byworkingtogether,betterresultscanbeachievedtothoseweserve.”可知，通過共同努力，我們所服務(wù)的對(duì)象可以取得更好的成果。achieve“取得”，can后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填achieve。【53題詳解】根據(jù)“First,developthinkingability.Inaword,insteadofcopyingothers’ideas,youshouldhaveyourownthoughts.”可知，培養(yǎng)思維能力，不要抄襲別人的想法，你應(yīng)該有自己的想法。instead“反而”符合語境，故填instead。【54題詳解】根據(jù)“Don’tbeafraidofAI,it’simportanttoknowhowtoworktogetherwithmachinestoimproveyourownabilities.”可知，不要害怕人工智能，重要的是要知道如何與機(jī)器合作來提高你自己的能力。by是介詞，其后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填working。【55題詳解】根據(jù)“developskillsonlyhumanbeingshave,likecreativity,andempathy(共情)”可知，培養(yǎng)只有人類才有的技能，比如創(chuàng)造力和同理心，此處在舉例，like“比如”符合語境，故填like。（2023·江蘇無錫·中考真題）六、閱讀填空先通讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文章后表格的空格內(nèi)填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。每個(gè)空格只能填一個(gè)單詞。Tosupporttheemployment(就業(yè))ofdisabledpeopleinGuangzhou,Starbuckshasopeneditsfirst“SilentCafé”inChinawherealmosthalfthestaffarehearingimpaired.Fourteenoutofthethirtystaffmembershavetroublehearing,andsoStarbuckshascreatedacaféthatdoesn’trequirecustomerstosayanything—northestafftohearanything.“ThismightbethequietestStarbucksamongtheover3800shopsontheChinesemainland,”saysLeoTsoi,ChiefOperatingOfficerofStarbucks,China.Thenewlyopened“SilentCafé”hasaspecialorderingsystemwhereallfoodanddrinksarenumbered,lettingcustomerseasilywritedowntheirorderandallowingthemtoplaceorderswithouthavingtosayaword.ChenSiting,astaffmembersharesherthoughtsabouttheidea.“Wecannothearyoubutwouldliketoshareatastycoffeewithyou,”saysSiting.“Ibelievemorepeoplelikemecouldfindacareertheydreamaboutinthefuture,”shecontinues.LikeSiting,ZhuJieying,hasbeenworkingatStarbucksforaboutsevenyears,makinghimitsfirsthearingimpairedcoffeemaster.HehashopesthatStarbuckscouldopenmoreopportunities(機(jī)遇)forthosewhoaredisabled,andencouragethemtoprovethemselvesandtoexploremorepossibilitiesinlife.Title;Starbucks“SilentCafé”BasicinformationThefirstoneinChinawas___54___inGuangzhou.Almosthalfitsstaffhavehearing___55___Itscustomersplacetheirorderwithouthavingtosayanythingbywritingdowncertain___56___.Staffmembers’thoughtsChenSiting:Morehearingimpairedpeoplelikemecouldfindtheir___57___careerinthefuture.ZhuJieying:Starbuckscould___58___disabledpeoplewithmoreopportunities.【答案】54.opened55.impairment56.numbers57.ideal58.provide【解析】本文介紹了星巴克為給更多有聽力障礙的人提供工作，開設(shè)了“無聲咖啡店”?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)“Starbuckshasopeneditsfirst‘SilentCafé’inChinawherealmosthalfthestaffarehearingimpaired.”可知第一個(gè)“無聲咖啡店”在廣州開業(yè)，open表示“開業(yè)”，此處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞用過去分詞。故填opened。【55題詳解】根據(jù)“wherealmosthalfthestaffarehearingimpaired.”可知幾乎一半的員工都有聽力障礙，have后接名詞，hearingimpairment表示“聽力障礙”。故填impairment?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)“Thenewlyopened‘SilentCafé’hasaspecialorderingsystemwhereallfoodanddrinksarenumbered,lettingcustomerseasilywritedowntheirorderandallowingthemtoplaceorderswithouthavingtosayaword.”可知新開的“無聲咖啡館”有一個(gè)特殊的點(diǎn)餐系統(tǒng)，所有的食物和飲料都有編號(hào)，讓顧客很容易寫下他們的訂單，讓他們不用說一句話就可以下單，number表示“號(hào)碼”，此處用復(fù)數(shù)。故填numbers。【57題詳解】根據(jù)“Ibelievemorepeoplelikemecouldfindacareertheydreamaboutinthefuture,”可知陳思婷相信更多像她一樣的人會(huì)在未來找到夢(mèng)想的職業(yè)。此空為形容詞作定語修飾名詞，ideal表示“理想的”。故填ideal?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)“HehashopesthatStarbuckscouldopenmoreopportunities(機(jī)遇)forthosewhoaredisabled,andencouragethemloprovethemselvesandtoexploremorepossibilitiesinlife.”可知朱潔瑩希望星巴克能夠給殘疾人提供更多機(jī)會(huì)，providesbwithsth表示“提供給某人某物”。故填provide。（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）六、任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）ACryingbringsadvantagestobothyourbodyandmind.Itisagoodwaytomakeyoufeellessstressedandcheeryouup.Italsohelpskeepyoureyesclean.Cryingislikegivingyoureyesagoodwashfromtheinside.Moreover,itcanhelpyousleepbetter.Cryingisusuallyconnectedwithemotionslikeangerorsadness.Whenyouarehappy,youmaynotoftenthinkofcrying.Buthaveyoueverheardof“happycrying”?Youmighthaveexperienceditbefore.Scientistshavefoundouthappycryingmayhappeninthefollowingsituations:☆Whenyouhavefeelingsthatcan’tbeexpressedWhenyouhavesomebadfeelingsthathaven’tbeennoticedforalongtime,andtheyarenotallowedtobeexpressed,happycryinghappens.Thatistosay,evenwhenyouexperiencesomethinghappy,thebadfeelingsthathaven’tbeennoticedordealtwithwillstillmakeyoucry.☆WhenyouareunabletokeepyourselfingoodconditionCryingcanhelpyoumanagestrongmoodsorfeelings.Somehappymomentscanalsobringyoustrongfeelingsandyoumayfindithardtocontrolthem,socryingcanbeofhelp.Whenyoucry,itfeelslikeyouaredrivingsomebadorterriblefeelingsawayfromyourbody.Besides,thehormones(激素)intearscanhelptokeepabalancebetweenbodyandmood.Theycancalmyoudownandmakeyoufeelpeaceful.閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成下面的短文，每空一詞。Cryingisawaytoexpressfeelings.Itmakesyoustaycalm,givesyour___56___agoodwash,andhelpsyouhaveabettersleep.Cryingisoftenconnectedwithangerorsadnessandyou___57___thinkofcryingwhenyouarehappy.Butyoumayhavesuchan___58___called“happycrying”.Happycryinghappenswhensomebadfeelingsare___59___topeoplethemselvesornotdealtwithforalongtime,evenifsomethingpleasanthappenstothem.Andusuallythesefeelingsarenotallowedtobeexpressed.Italsohappenswhenhappymomentsbringstrongfeelingsandyou___60___tocontrolyourselves.Atthatmoment,thehormonesintearscankeepyourbodyandmoodbalanced.【答案】56.eyes57.seldom58.experience59.unknown60.fail【解析】本文主要介紹了哭泣的好處以及什么時(shí)候會(huì)快樂哭泣?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)“Cryingislikegivingyoureyesagoodwash”可知哭就像從內(nèi)心好好洗一洗眼睛。故填eyes?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)“Whenyouarehappy,youmaynotoftenthinkofcrying”可知當(dāng)你快樂的時(shí)候，你可能不會(huì)經(jīng)常想起哭泣，即很少會(huì)想起哭泣，seldom“很少”。故填seldom?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)“Buthaveyoueverheardof‘happycrying’?Youmighthaveexperienceditbefore”可知是經(jīng)歷過快樂哭泣，an后加名詞單數(shù)experience“經(jīng)歷”。故填experience?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)“thebadfeelingsthathaven’tbeennoticedordealtwithwillstillmakeyoucry”可知那些沒有被注意或處理的壞情緒仍然會(huì)讓你哭，即人們自己也不知道的情緒，beunknownto“不為某人所知”。故填unknown?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)“Somehappymomentscanalsobringyoustrongfeelingsandyoumayfindithardtocontrolthem”可知一些快樂的時(shí)刻也會(huì)給你帶來強(qiáng)烈的感覺，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難控制它們，即沒能控制住自己，failtodosth.“未能做成某事”，主語是you，句子用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。故填fail。BThewarmclimate,waterplantsandwetlandinnaturereservesprovideanideallivingenvironmentforwildanimals.Thismakesthemfeellikegoingbacktonature.Inreserves,peoplewatchandstudyanimals’livinghabits,activitiesandsoon.Now,theAIsysteminreservesplaysanimportantroleinstudyingwildlife.Insteadofusingbinoculars,peoplejustsitinfrontofabigscreenandthentheycanwatcheverymovetheanimalsmake.TheAIsystemhelpsinmanyways.First,theAIsystemcantellthedifferencesbetweendifferenttypesofwildanimalsandrecordthechangesinnumbersbasedontheirtails,feetandbeaks.Second,itcankeeprecordinganimalbehavioursforresearchersdayandnight,whileinthepast,suchrecordingcouldnotlast.Moreover,itcancheckunusualbehavioursamongtheanimals.Ifananimalwalksorfliesinanunusualwayorliesonthegroundforawhile,thesystemcanhelpfindoutwhathappens.Soresearcherscantakequickactionstosaveitintime.Besidesitsmainfunctions,thesystemcanhelptowarntheunauthorized(未經(jīng)許可的)peopleawayfromtheprotectedareas.TheAIsystemisalsoservedasaneducationalplatform(平臺(tái))forthepeople.Byusingit,visitorscanwatchandlearnmoreaboutthewildanimalslivinginthereserve.However,thereareproblems.Ononehand,theAIsystemitselfsometimesmistakesananimalforanother,oraplantforananimal.Ontheotherhand,peoplestillneedtogoaroundtogetawholeunderstandingofwildlifebecausetheAIsystemhasnotbeenputinateverycornerofthereserves.TofurtherdeveloptheAIsystem,thereservesarenowworkingwithmorehightechpanies.閱讀以上信息，用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成下面的表格，每空一詞。Thefunctionsofreserves●Thereserveshelpwildanimalsfeellike___61___tonature.●Researcherscanwatchandstudywildlifeinreserves.TheAIsystemusedinreservesTheadvantages●Itcantellthedifferencesofwildanimalsandrecordthechangesinnumbersbasedontheirlooks.●Itcanhelpresearcherskeeprecordinganimalbehaviourswithoutconsidering___62___.●Byusingit,theriskofwildanimals’gettinghurtanddeathswillbequite___63___.●Itwarnsunauthorizedpeoplenottoentertheprotectedarea.●Itincreasesvisitors’___64___aboutwildlife.Theproblems●Itsometimesmakesmistakes.●Ithasn’t___65___coveredthereservesyet.【答案】61.returning62.time63.low64.knowledge65.totally【解析】本文主要介紹了保護(hù)區(qū)的人工智能系統(tǒng)在研究野生動(dòng)物方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，但是也存在一些問題?！?1題詳解】根據(jù)“Thismakesthemfeellikegoingbacktonature”可知保護(hù)區(qū)讓動(dòng)物感覺回到了大自然，return“回到”，feellikedoingsth.“想要做某事”。故填returning?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)“itcankeeprecordinganimalbehavioursforresearchersdayandnight”可知它可以為研究人員日夜記錄動(dòng)物行為，不考慮時(shí)間，time“時(shí)間”。故填time。【63題詳解】根據(jù)“Soresearcherscantakequickactionstosaveitintime”可知研究人員可以迅速采取行動(dòng)及時(shí)挽救動(dòng)物，所以野生動(dòng)物受傷和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將很低，low“低的”。故填low。【64題詳解】根據(jù)“Byusingit,visitorscanwatchandlearnmoreaboutthewildanimalslivinginthereserve.”可知游客可以觀看和了解更多關(guān)于保護(hù)區(qū)內(nèi)野生動(dòng)物的信息，即增加游客對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的知識(shí)，knowledge“知識(shí)”。故填knowledge?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)“theAIsystemhasnotbeenputinateverycornerofthereserves”可知人工智能系統(tǒng)并沒有在保護(hù)區(qū)的每個(gè)角落都投入使用，即它還沒有完全覆蓋，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞totally“完全地”。故填totally。五、閱讀填表In2009,ToddBolputupalittlefreelibrary.Thatwastoshowhisloveforhismother,whowasabookloverandteacher.Bolwantedtosharehismother’sloveforreadingwithothers.Hebuiltawoodboxandfilleditwithbooks.Heputtheboxinhisyard.ThiswasthebeginningofLittleFreeLibrary.TheideaspreadandToddmadeawisedecisiontosetupLittleFreeLibraryasanorganizationwithasignthatreads“LittleFreeLibrary.ORG:TakeaBook.ReturnaBook.Todaythereareabout100,000littlefreelibrariesinover100countriesandtheyhavemadeagreatdifferencetomillionsofpeople’slife.Studieshaveshownthatbookshaveameaningfulinfluenceonchildren’sliteracy(識(shí)字).Childrenwholovereadingcandowellatschool.LittleFreeLibrarycanimproverelationshipbetweenneighboursandstrangers,too.“Therearemanylittlelibrariesinpeople’sfrontyards,sharingthejoyofreadingwithanyonewhopassesby.Ijustliveinsuchaworldwherebooksarehighlyvalued(被珍惜),”Catherine,anAmericanwoman,said.“I’veevengotanoteofthanksfromagentlemannamedEsteban.Hewasthankfultohavea‘friend’onacoldnight:‘Thankyouforthiswonderfulgiftofabook.It’sanexcellentfriendonthiscoldandlonelynight.I’llreturnoneinitsplaceassoonasIcan!’”Hopefully,wheneachbuildinghassuchalibrary,wewillsoonhaveasocietywherepeoplespendlesstimeonthephoneandmoreonthepagesofabook.LittleFreeLibraryThebeginningofLittleFreeLibraryToddBolbuiltthefirstLittleFreeLibrary.Inordertoshowhislovetohismother,he

____55____tosetupalittlefreelibrarytoaskpeopletoborrowandreturnbooks.ThespreadofLittleFreeLibraryThenumberoflittlefreelibrariesaroundtheworldhas____56____about100,000.Ithas____57____people’slifegreatly.Thebenefits(好處)ofLittleFreeLibraryIthelpschildrenhave____58____literacyskillsanddowellatschool.Itbringspeople,including____59____andstrangers,closer.A(n)____60____ofabookloverAnAmericanwomancalledCatherine____61____livinginaworldwithmanylittlelibrariesnearby.Agentlemanfelt____62____becauseofabookheborrowedandhewroteathankyounotetoCatherine.Thewriter’s____63____Eachbuildingwillhavealibraryandpeoplewillspendmoretimeonbooks_____64_____ofonthephone.【答案】55．decided56．reached57．changed58．good/better59．neighbours/neighbors60．story/example61．likes/loves/enjoys62．thankful63．hope64．instead【解析】本文主要講述小型免費(fèi)圖書館的相關(guān)信息。55．根據(jù)“In2009,ToddBolputupalittlefreelibrary.Thatwastoshowhisloveforhismother”可知，為了表達(dá)他對(duì)母親的愛，托德·博爾決定建立了一個(gè)免費(fèi)的小圖書館，decidetodosth“決定做某事”，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去式，故填decided。56．根據(jù)“Todaythereareabout100,000littlefreelibrariesinover100countries”可知，現(xiàn)在在100多個(gè)國(guó)家大約有10萬個(gè)小型免費(fèi)圖書館，reach“到達(dá)”符合語境，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去分詞形式，故填reached。57．根據(jù)“theyhavemadeagreatdifferencetomillionsofpeople’slife”可知，給數(shù)百萬人的生活帶來了巨大的改變，change“改變”，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去分詞形式，故填changed。58．根據(jù)“Studieshaveshownthatbookshaveameaningfulinfluenceonchildren’sliteracy(識(shí)字).Childrenwholovereadingcandowellatschool.”可知，書籍對(duì)兒童的識(shí)字有重要的影響，喜歡閱讀的孩子在學(xué)校能表現(xiàn)得很好。也就是幫助孩子們有（更）好的識(shí)字技巧，故填good/better。59．根據(jù)“LittleFreeLibrarycanimproverelationshipbetweenneighboursandstrangers,too.”可知，小免費(fèi)圖書館也可以改善鄰居和陌生人之間的關(guān)系。故填neighbours/neighbors。60．此處介紹的是一個(gè)熱愛讀書的人的故事/例子，故填story/example。61．根據(jù)“Ijustliveinsuchaworldwherebooksarehighlyvalued”可知，凱瑟琳生活在這樣一個(gè)書被高度重視的世界里，結(jié)合“sharingthejoyofreading”可知，凱瑟琳喜歡這樣的生活，故填likes/loves/enjoys。62．根據(jù)“Hewasthankfultohavea‘friend’onacoldnight”可知，埃斯特班很感恩，故填thankful。63．根據(jù)“Hopefully,wheneachbuildinghassuchalibrary,wewillsoonhaveasocietywherepeoplespendlesstimeonthephoneandmoreonthepagesofabook.”可知，這是作者的希望，故填hope。64．根據(jù)“wewillsoonhaveasocietywherepeoplespendlesstimeonthephoneandmoreonthepagesofabook.”可知，人們花更少的時(shí)間在上，更多的時(shí)間在書上。insteadof“而不是”符合語境，故填instead。六、閱讀填表先通讀下面的短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在文章后的表格內(nèi)填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只能填一個(gè)單詞。Eachcountryintheworldhasitsowntraditionalclothes,whichshowusthecountry’straditionalaesthetics(美學(xué)),philosophy(哲學(xué)),andsocialvaluesinspecialways.HerearethefourmostwellknowntypesoftraditionalChineseclothing.HanfuHanfuistheoldestofChina’straditionalclothes.Legendtracesitback(追溯)toover4,000yearsagowhenHuangdi’swife,Leizu,madeclothwithsilk.ItwaskeptimprovingtilltheHanDynasty,whenHanfuwasmadeandstronglypromoted(推銷)bytherulers.ItalsohadafarreachinginfluenceonneighboringAsiancountries,suchasKorea,Japan,andVietnam.TheZhongshansuitTheZhongshansuit,alsoknownastheMaosuitintheworld,isatypeofmaleclothes.Womenseldomworeit.Itwasfirstadvocated(提倡)bySunZhongshanin1912,soitwascalledtheZhongshansuit.Lateron,afterChairmanMaohadbeenseenwearingitinpublicmanytimes,thistypeofclothesgotanothername—theMaosuit.TheTangsuitTheTangsuitoftenreferstoatypeofChinesejacketratherthantheclothingoftheTangDynasty.ThisnamecamefromtheoverseasChinese.AstheTangDynastywasfamousforbeingrichandpowerfulintheworld,foreignerscalledtheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”andtheclothestheyworewerecalled“theTangsuit”,alsoknownasTangzhuang.TheCheongsamTheCheongsamdevelopedfromtheManchuwomen’sChangpaooftheQingDynasty.TheManchupeoplewerealsocalledtheQipeoplebytheHanpeople;sotheirChangpaowasnamedqipao.Generally,thetopbottomclothes,madeupofanyi(theupperclothes)andachang(thelowerclothes),weretheearliestformofclothingrecordedinChinesedocuments.Theonepiececlothingwascalledshenyi.Theupperandthelowerclothesweremadeasonepiecealthoughtheywerecutseparately.Topic:TraditionalChineseclothesIntroductionChinesetraditionalaesthetics,philosophy,andsocialvaluescanbe____54____inthefourmostwellknowntypesoftraditionalChineseclothing.Hanfu※Ithasahistoryofover4000years.※ItwasstronglypromotedbyHanrulingclass.※It____55____alloverAsia.TheZhongshansuit※ItwasfirstadvocatedbySunZhongshan.※ChairmanMaoworeitinpublicmanytimes.※Itis____56____designedformen.TheTangsuit※ItoftenreferstoatypeofChinesejacket.※Itisnamed____57____therichandpowerfulTangdynasty.TheCheongsamTheManchupeoplewerecalledtheQipeople;sotheirChangpaowasnamedqipao.ConclusionTraditionalChineseclothesarebasicallypresentedintwo____58____:oneisYiandchang;theotherisshenyi.【答案】54．shown/seen55．spread56．mainly57．a(chǎn)fter58．forms【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了中國(guó)最著名的傳統(tǒng)服飾。54．根據(jù)文中“Eachcountryintheworldhasitsowntraditionalclothes,whichshowusthecountry’straditionalaesthetics(美學(xué)),philosophy(哲學(xué)),andsocialvaluesinspecialways.HerearethefourmostwellknowntypesoftraditionalChineseclothing.”可知，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的美學(xué)、哲學(xué)和社會(huì)價(jià)值觀可以在四種最著名的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝中體現(xiàn)/看出來；此句為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，canbe后加動(dòng)詞的過去分詞shown/seen。故填shown/seen。55．根據(jù)文中“ItalsohadafarreachinginfluenceonneighboringAsiancountries,suchasKorea,Japan,andVietnam.”可知，漢服傳播到整個(gè)亞洲，句子是一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式spread。故填spread。56．根據(jù)文中“TheZhongshansuit,alsoknownastheMaosuitintheworld,isatypeofmaleclothes.Womenseldomworeit.”可知，中山裝主要是為男性設(shè)計(jì)的。故填mainly。57．根據(jù)文中“AstheTangDynastywasfamousforbeingrichandpowerfulintheworld,foreignerscalledtheoverseasChinesepeople“theTangpeople”andtheclothestheyworewerecalled“theTangsuit”,alsoknownasTangzhuang.”可知，唐裝是在富強(qiáng)的唐代以后被命名的。故填after。58．根據(jù)文中“Generally,thetopbottomclothes,madeupofanyi(theupperclothes)andachang(thelowerclothes),weretheearliestformofclothingrecordedinChinesedocuments.”可知，中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝基本上有兩種形式：一種是上衣和下衣；另一個(gè)是“神衣”。故填forms。六、閱讀填表Manyofushavehadthisexperience:weliedowninabedotherthanourown,perhapsatafriend’shouseorinahotelroom,andfinditdifficulttofallasleep.Whydoesithappen?Anewstudyshowsonereasoniswhatthescientistscall“firstnighteffect”.Theybelievethatonesideofthebrainactsasa“nightwatch”towarnusaboutpossibledangers.Itpreventedusfromgettingtosleeponthefirstnightinanewenvironment.Forthestudy,35youngvolunteersweretoldtosleepinalabforseveraldaysasresearcherswatchedtheirbrainactivities.Accordingtotheresearchers,ontheirfirstnight,theleftbrainsweremoreactivethantherightbrainsandpeoplehadahardtimesleeping.However,leftbrainactivityreducedasdayswentby,fallingeventothepointofpletecalm.Inthisprocess,thevolunteersgotbetterandbettersleepexperience.Thefindingssuggestthatthedifferentrhythmsofthesidesofthebraininfluenceoursleep.Whenthetwosidesworkdifferently,thebalancebetweenthemisbroken.So,thebraincan’trelaxandissensitive(敏感的)toanythingstrangearound.“Atsomelevel,thebrainiscontinuingtowork,eventhoughyoudon’trealizeit,”USprofessorJeromeSiegetoldSmithsonianMagazine.“Ifsomethingunusualhappens,youcanbealert(警惕的).”Moresurprisingly,thisislikethewaysomeanimalssleep.Whales,dolphins,andmanybirdscansleepwithhalfoftheirbrainwhiletheotherhalfstaysawake,withoneeyestayingopen.Theresearchersthinkthatitistheresultofevolution(進(jìn)化)andworkstoprotectusinpossiblydangerousenvironments.Ifyouhaveeverhadfirstnighteffects,researchersadviseyoutobringyourownpilloworsleepinaroomsimilartoyourbedroomnexttimeyousleepawayfromhome.TopicFirstnighteffectPeople’spossible

experienceManypeoplehavedifficultygettingtosleeponthefirstnightinanewenvironment.ThefindingsofthestudyFirstnighteffectforcesustostay___54___asonesideofthebrainisalerttopossibledangers.Asdaysgoby,people’ssleepexperience___55___astheleftbrainactivityfalls.TheexplanationstothefindingsOnthefirstnightinanewenvironment,people’srightbrainis___56___activethantheleftbrainandthatbreaksthebalancebetweenthem.Ourbrainscontinuetoworkwithoutbeingrealizedatnightsothatwecanbesensitivetoanythingunusual.Someotheranimalssleepinthesimilarway,whichisthoughttobe___57___byevolution.___58___fromresearchersBringyourownpilloworsleepinasimilarroomthatlookslikeyours.【答案】54．a(chǎn)wake55．Improves56．less57．caused58．Advice##Suggest