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ConstructureofACElectricLocomotiveRailwayVehicleEnglishPart1:ReadingMaterialFig.2-3PartsofanACelectriclocomotivePart1:ReadingMaterialTheFig.2-3showsanACelectriclocomotive,i.e.,alocomotivecollectingACpowerfromanoverheadline.Thecurrentpassesdirectlyfromthepantograph(orshoe)tothemainandauxiliaryinverters.Part1:ReadingMaterial1.ElectronicControls
Almosteverypartofthemodernlocomotive’sequipmenthassomeformofelectroniccontrol.Theyareusuallycollectedinacontrolcubiclenearthecabforeasyaccess.Thecontrolswillusuallyincludeamaintenancemanagementsystemofsomesortwhichcanbeusedtodownloaddatatoaportableorhand-heldcomputer.2.Pinion/Gear
Thetractionmotordrivestheaxlethroughareductiongearofarangebetween3to1(freight)and4to1(passenger).Part1:ReadingMaterial3.AsynchronousMotor
ModerntractionmotortypeusethreephaseACelectricalsupplyandnowthefavoureddesignformoderntraintractionsystemscanbeusedonDCandACelectrifiedrailwayswithsuitablecontrolelectronicsandonelectriclocomotives.4.AxleBrush
Themeansbywhichthepowersupplycircuitiscompletedwiththesubstationoncepowerhasbeendrawnonthelocomotive.Currentcollectedfromtheoverheadlineorthirdrailisreturnedviatheaxlebrushandoneoftherunningrails.Part1:ReadingMaterial5.Battery
Alltrainsareprovidedwithabatterytoprovidestart-upcurrentandforsupplyingessentialcircuits,suchasemergencylighting,whenthelinesupplyfails.ThebatteryisusuallyconnectedacrosstheDCcontrolsupplycircuit.6.CircuitBreaker
Anelectrictrainisalmostalwaysprovidedwithsomesortofcircuitbreakertoisolatethepowersupplywhenthereisafault,orformaintenance.OnACsystemstheyareusuallyontheroofnearthepantograph.Therearetwotypes—theairblastcircuitbreakerandthevacuumcircuitbreakerorVCB.Theairorvacuumpartisusedtoextinguishtheairwhichoccursasthetwotipsofthecircuitbreakerareopened.Part1:ReadingMaterial7.Converter
Generictermforanysolidstateelectronicsystemforconvertingalternatingcurrenttodirectcurrentorviceversaisconverter.WhereanACsupplyhastobeconvertedtoDCitiscalledarectifierandwhereDCisconvertedtoACitiscalledaninverter.ThewordoriginatedintheUSbutisnowcommonelsewhere.8.CoolingFansTokeepthethyristorsandotherelectronicpowersystemscool,theinteriorofamodernlocomotiveisequippedwithanairmanagementsystem,electronicallycontrolledtokeepallsystemsoperatingatthecorrecttemperature.Thefansarepoweredbyanauxiliaryinverterproducing3-phaseACatabout400V.Part1:ReadingMaterial9.DCLinkUsedonmodemelectronicpowersystemsbetweenthesinglephaserectifierandthe3-phaseinverter,itiseasiertoconvertthesinglephaseACfromtheoverheadlinetothe3-phaserequiredforthemotorsbyrectifyingittoDCandtheninvertingtheDCto3-phaseAC.10.Inverter
Electronicpowerdevicemountedontrainstoprovidealternatingcurrentfromdirectcurrent.PopularnowadaysforDCrailwaystoallowthree-phasedriveorforauxiliarysupplieswhichneedanACsupply.Part1:ReadingMaterial11.LineBreaker
Electro-mechanicalswitchinatractionmotorpowercircuitisusedtoactivateordisablethecircuit.Itisnormallyclosedtostartthetrainandremainsclosedallthetimepowerisrequired.Itisopenedbyacommandfromthedrivingcontroller,no-voltsdetected,overloaddetectedand(wererequired)wheelspinorslidedetected.Itislinkedtotheoverloadandno-voltcontrolcircuitssothatitfunctionsasaprotectivecircuitbreaker.12.MasterController
Driver'spowercontroldeviceislocatedinthecab.Thedrivermovesthehandleofthemastercontrollertoapplyorreducepowertothelocomotiveortrain.Part1:ReadingMaterial13.MotorBlowers
Tractionmotorsonelectriclocomotivesgetveryhotand,tokeeptheirtemperatureatareasonablelevelforlongperiodsofhardwork,theyareusuallyfittedwithelectricfanscalledmotorblowers.Onamodernlocomotive,theyarepoweredbyanauxiliary3-phaseACsupplyofaround400Vsuppliedbyanauxiliaryinverter.14.Rectifier
AconverterconsistingofthyristorsanddiodesisusedtoconvertACtoDC.Amodernlocomotivewillusuallyhaveatleasttwo,oneforthepowercircuitsandoneormorefortheauxiliarycircuits.Part1:ReadingMaterial16.SandBox
Locomotivesalwayscarrysandtoassistadhesioninbadrailconditions,andisoftenprovidedonmultipleunittraintoo.17.SynchronousMotor
Tractionmotorwherethefieldcoilsaremountedonthedriveshaftandthearmaturecoilsinthehousing,theinverseofnormalpractice.Thisisasingle-phasemachinecontrolledbysimpleinverter.Nowsupersededbytheasynchronousmotor.Part1:ReadingMaterial18.Transformer
Asetofwindingswithamagneticcoreisusedtostepdownorstepupavoltagefromoneleveltoanother.Thevoltagedifferencesaredeterminedbytheproportionofwindingsontheinputsidecomparedwiththeproportionontheoutputside.AnessentialrequirementforlocomotivesandtrainsusingACpower,wherethelinevoltagehastobesteppeddownbeforeusedonthetrain.19.Pantographs
Currentiscollectedfromoverheadlinesbypantographs,asshowninFig.2-4.Pantographsareeasyintermsofisolation—youjustlowerthepantolosethepowersupplytothevehicle.However,itiscomplicatedtooperate.Part1:ReadingMaterial
Sincethepantographisusuallythesinglepointpowercontactforthelocomotiveorpowercar,itmustmaintaingoodcontactunderallrunningconditions.Thehigherthespeed,themoredifficultthemaintenanceofgoodcontact.Wehavealreadymentionedtheproblem(above)ofawavebeingformedinthewirebyapantographmovingathighspeed.Fig.2-4PantographPart1:ReadingMaterialPantographcontactismaintainedeitherbyspringorairpressure.Compressedairpressureispreferredforhigh-speedoperation.Thepantographisconnectedtoapistoninacylinderandairpressureinthecylindermaintainsthepantographintheraisedcondition.RailwayVehicleEnglishPart2:VocabularyPart2:Vocabularythyristor半導(dǎo)體閘流管sandbox砂箱transformer變壓器axlebrush軸刷pantograph受電弓vacuumcircuitbreaker(VCB)真空斷路器asynchronousmotor異步電動機auxiliaryinverter逆變器electroniccontrol電氣控制Part3:CommentariesforLongDifficultSentencesRailwayVehicleEnglishPart3:CommentariesforLongDifficultSentences123Currentcollectedfromtheoverheadlineorthirdrailisreturnedviatheaxlebrushandoneoftherunningrails.
從架空線路或第三軌道收集的電流通過軸刷和其中一個運行軌道返回。Tractionmotorwherethefieldcoilsaremountedonthedriveshaftandthearmaturecoilsinthehousing,theinverseofnormalpractice.
牽引電機的磁場線圈安裝在傳動軸上,電樞線圈安裝在外殼上,這與正常的做法相反。Tokeepthethyristorsandotherelectronicpowersystemscool,theinteriorofamodernlocomotiveisequippedwithanairmanagementsystem,electronicallycontrolledtokeepallsystemsoperatingatthecorrecttemperature.為了保持晶閘管和其他電子電力系統(tǒng)的冷卻,現(xiàn)代機車的內(nèi)部配備了空氣管理系統(tǒng),由電子控制,以保持所有系統(tǒng)在正確的溫度下運行。Part3:CommentariesforLongDifficultSentences45Theaircompressorisrequiredtoprovideaconstantsupplyofcompressedairforthelocomotiveandtrainbrakes.空氣壓縮機需要為機車和列車的制動器提供持續(xù)的壓縮空氣供應(yīng)。
Sincethepantographisusuallythesinglepointpowercontactforthelocomotiveorpowercar,itmustmaintaingoodcontactunderallrunningconditions.由于受電弓通常是機車或動力車的單點電源接觸點,因此在所有運行條件下都必須保持良好的接觸RailwayVehicleEnglishPart4:ExerciseandActivityPart4:ExerciseandActivityDirections:Explainthemeaningsandfunctionsofthefollow
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