DB1306-T 234-2023 綿羊熱應(yīng)激防控技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS65.020.30CCSB43DB13062023-08-10發(fā)布保定市市場監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布2DB1306/T234—2023本文件按照GB/T1.1-2020《標準化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標準化文件結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)定起草。請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利,本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。本文件由保定市農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局提出并歸口。本文件主要起草單位：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動物科技學(xué)院。本文件主要起草人：高玉紅、孫新勝、張會文、宋連杰、王曉芳、周英昊、符樂、孫瑞臣、李伯森田軍、郝云武。3DB1306/T234—2023綿羊熱應(yīng)激防控技術(shù)規(guī)程本文件規(guī)定了綿羊熱應(yīng)激的術(shù)語和定義、評價方法及防控措施。本文件適用于綿羊養(yǎng)殖場、戶。2規(guī)范性引用文件下列文件的內(nèi)容通過文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅該日期對應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。NY/T388畜禽場環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準NY5027無公害食品畜禽飲用水水質(zhì)DB13/T556舍飼養(yǎng)羊技術(shù)規(guī)范3術(shù)語和定義下列術(shù)語和定義適用于本文件。3.1綿羊熱應(yīng)激sheepheatstress機體應(yīng)對高溫高濕環(huán)境而產(chǎn)生的一系列非特異性生理應(yīng)答反應(yīng)總和。3.2溫濕指數(shù)temperatureandhumidityindex環(huán)境溫度和濕度相結(jié)合用于評價熱應(yīng)激程度的綜合指標。羊舍環(huán)境溫濕指數(shù)的計算公式：THI=0.81×T+(0.99×T-14.3)×RH+46.3式中：THI——溫濕指數(shù)；T——平均環(huán)境溫度(℃);RH——平均濕度（%）。4熱應(yīng)激程度的評價方法4.1按羊舍溫濕指數(shù)評價綿羊熱應(yīng)激主要受舍內(nèi)環(huán)境溫度和濕度的影響，熱應(yīng)激程度一般采用羊舍環(huán)境溫濕指數(shù)評價。當(dāng)溫濕指數(shù)為71.5時，開始出現(xiàn)熱應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。根據(jù)夏季的氣候條件，羊舍溫濕指數(shù)和熱應(yīng)激程度見表1。4DB1306/T234—2023臨界熱應(yīng)激：71.5≤THI≤72.1；輕度熱應(yīng)激：72.1<THI≤74.8；中度熱應(yīng)激：74.8<THI≤84.5；重度熱應(yīng)激：THI>84.5。表1溫濕度指數(shù)(THI)與溫度、濕度對應(yīng)表溫度(℃)相對濕度（%）303540455055606570758085909510022.071.622.571.772.172.523.071.772.172.573.073.423.571.672.072.572.973.473.874.324.071.872.372.873.373.874.274.775.224.571.672.172.673.173.674.174.675.175.676.125.071.772.272.873.373.874.474.975.475.976.577.025.571.872.472.973.574.074.675.175.776.276.877.377.926.071.872.473.073.674.274.775.375.976.577.177.678.278.826.571.872.473.073.774.374.975.576.176.777.377.978.579.179.727.071.872.473.073.774.374.975.676.276.877.578.178.779.380.080.627.571.772.373.073.674.375.075.676.376.977.678.278.979.580.280.881.528.071.572.272.973.674.274.975.676.377.077.678.379.079.780.481.081.782.428.572.072.773.474.174.875.576.377.077.778.479.179.880.581.281.982.683.329.072.573.374.074.775.476.276.977.678.479.179.880.681.382.082.783.584.229.573.073.874.575.376.076.877.678.379.179.880.681.382.182.883.684.385.130.073.574.375.175.976.677.478.279.079.880.581.382.182.983.784.485.286.030.574.074.875.676.477.278.078.979.780.581.382.182.983.784.585.386.186.931.074.575.476.277.077.878.779.580.381.282.082.883.784.585.386.187.087.831.575.075.976.777.678.479.380.281.081.982.783.684.485.386.187.087.888.732.075.576.477.378.279.079.980.881.782.683.484.385.286.187.087.888.789.632.576.076.977.878.779.680.581.582.483.384.285.186.086.987.888.789.690.533.076.577.578.479.380.281.282.183.084.084.985.886.887.788.689.590.591.433.577.078.078.979.980.881.882.883.784.785.686.687.588.589.490.491.392.334.077.578.579.580.581.482.483.484.485.486.387.388.389.390.391.292.293.234.578.079.080.081.082.083.084.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.135.078.579.680.681.682.683.784.785.786.887.888.889.990.991.992.994.095.035.579.080.181.182.283.284.385.486.487.588.589.690.691.792.793.894.895.936.079.580.681.782.883.884.986.087.188.289.290.391.492.593.694.695.796.836.580.081.182.283.384.485.586.787.888.990.091.192.293.394.495.596.697.737.080.581.782.883.985.086.287.388.489.690.791.893.094.195.296.397.598.637.581.082.283.384.585.686.888.089.190.391.492.693.794.996.097.298.399.538.081.582.783.985.186.287.488.689.891.092.193.394.595.796.998.099.238.582.083.284.485.686.888.089.390.591.792.994.195.396.597.798.939.082.583.885.086.287.488.789.991.192.493.694.896.197.398.599.739.583.084.385.586.888.089.390.691.893.194.395.696.898.199.340.083.584.886.187.488.689.991.292.593.895.096.397.698.940.584.085.386.687.989.290.591.993.294.595.897.198.499.7臨界熱應(yīng)激41.084.585.987.288.589.891.292.593.895.296.597.899.2輕度熱應(yīng)激41.585.086.487.789.190.491.893.294.595.997.298.699.9中度熱應(yīng)激42.085.586.988.389.791.092.493.895.296.697.999.3重度熱應(yīng)激5DB1306/T234—20234.2按呼吸頻率評價綿羊正常呼吸頻率為16~28次/分鐘，當(dāng)呼吸頻率為38~63次/分鐘，綿羊處于輕度熱應(yīng)激狀態(tài)；當(dāng)呼吸頻率為64~153次/分鐘，綿羊處于中度熱應(yīng)激狀態(tài)；當(dāng)呼吸頻率超過153次/分鐘，綿羊處于重度熱應(yīng)激狀態(tài)。5熱應(yīng)激防控措施5.1物理降溫5.1.1羊舍建設(shè)根據(jù)氣候條件，頂棚選用聚乙烯泡沫夾芯彩鋼板或巖棉夾芯彩鋼板等保溫隔熱材料，夾芯板厚度為8cm~15cm。有窗自然通風(fēng)的羊舍尺寸應(yīng)符合DB13/T556的要求。5.1.2遮陽設(shè)施運動場、補飼槽和飲水槽搭建遮陽棚或遮陽網(wǎng)。敞棚舍西側(cè)設(shè)置卷簾或其他遮陽設(shè)施。5.1.3自然通風(fēng)開啟門窗降溫。5.1.4風(fēng)扇降溫在采食通道、羊床等適當(dāng)位置加裝風(fēng)扇。5.1.5綠化降溫羊舍和運動場的周圍種植樹木遮蔭。5.2日糧調(diào)控根據(jù)羊的體重、生理階段和體況等因素，粗飼料不低于50%，適量添加青綠多汁飼料。日糧中粗蛋白含量增加1%~2%。5.3添加劑應(yīng)用5.3.1中草藥選用香薷、大黃、厚樸和黃芩（3:3:2:2）或者藿香、厚樸、石菖蒲和茯苓（4:2:2:1按比例配制成復(fù)方中藥，按基礎(chǔ)日糧的0.5%添加飼喂。5.3.2微生物飼料添加劑每公斤日糧中添加1.0×1011CFU釀酒酵母、地衣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌的混合微生物飼料添加劑。5.3.3維生素日糧中適當(dāng)補充維生素C和維生素E。5.4飼養(yǎng)管理5.4.1飼喂時間6DB1306/T234—2023避開正午高溫時段，選擇清晨和傍晚飼喂。5.4.2飲水保證充足飲水，水質(zhì)符合NY5027的要求。5.4.3飼養(yǎng)密度適當(dāng)降低飼養(yǎng)密度，避免擁擠。5.4.4剪毛適時剪毛。5.4.5環(huán)境衛(wèi)生符合NY/T388的要求。7DB1306/T234—2023參考文獻[1]鄭瑋才，郝小燕，張宏祥，等.釀酒酵母和地衣芽孢桿菌對綿羊生長性能和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化代謝的影響[J].動物營養(yǎng)學(xué)報，2020，32(11)：5314-5321.[2]孫麗英.夏季提高肉羊養(yǎng)殖效益的措施[J].山東畜牧獸醫(yī)，