第四章第一節(jié)油脂上課

第四章第一節(jié)油脂上課含碳原子數(shù)比較多得脂肪酸1、什么叫高級(jí)脂肪酸？2、什么就是酯化反應(yīng)？酸(有機(jī)酸或無(wú)機(jī)酸)與醇反應(yīng),生成酯與水得反應(yīng)叫做酯化反應(yīng)。CH3COOH+HOCH2CH3CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O濃H2SO4

eg:硬脂酸(C17H35COOH)、軟脂酸(C15H31COOH)、油酸(C17H33COOH)、亞油酸(C17H31COOH

)等(油酸甘油酯)一種高級(jí)脂肪酸甘油酯3C17H33COOH+CHOHCH2OHCH2OH

濃H2SO４CH2OOCC17H33CHOOCC17H33+3H2OCH2OOCC17H33甘油與油酸得酯化反應(yīng)一、油脂得組成與結(jié)構(gòu)就是由多種高級(jí)脂肪酸與甘油反應(yīng)生成得酯,屬于酯類(lèi)。(甘油三酯)C、H、O油——常溫呈液態(tài)脂肪——常溫呈固態(tài)1、定義:3、組成:2、分類(lèi):脂肪(動(dòng)物油脂固態(tài))油(植物油脂液態(tài))4、油脂得結(jié)構(gòu)(1)R1、R2、R3可以代表飽與烴基或不飽與烴基。(2)如果R1、R2、R3相同,這樣得油脂稱(chēng)為簡(jiǎn)單甘油酯;如果R1、R2、R3不相同,稱(chēng)為混合甘油酯。(3)天然油脂大都為混合甘油酯,且動(dòng)、植物體內(nèi)得油脂大都為多種混甘油酯得混合物,無(wú)固定熔、沸點(diǎn)。常見(jiàn)得油脂隨堂訓(xùn)練——判斷正誤:1、簡(jiǎn)單甘油酯就是純凈物,混合甘油酯就是混合物。2、油脂沒(méi)有固定得熔沸點(diǎn)3、油脂都不能使溴水退色4、食用油屬于酯類(lèi),石蠟油屬于烴類(lèi)5、精制得牛油就是純凈物(錯(cuò))(對(duì))(錯(cuò))(對(duì))(錯(cuò))二、油脂得物理性質(zhì)

1、密度比水得密度小;

2、有明顯得油膩感;

3、不溶于水,易溶于有機(jī)溶劑,就是一種良好得有機(jī)溶劑;4、當(dāng)高級(jí)脂肪酸中烯烴基多時(shí)大多為液態(tài)得油;(植物油)當(dāng)高級(jí)脂肪酸中烷烴基多時(shí),大多為固態(tài)得脂肪。(動(dòng)物油)三、油脂得化學(xué)性質(zhì)思考:1、油脂屬于酯類(lèi),應(yīng)具有什么性質(zhì)？2、當(dāng)分子中含有不飽與鍵時(shí),油脂還應(yīng)當(dāng)具有什么性質(zhì)？如何檢驗(yàn)？3、若想將油變?yōu)橹救宰魇澄?應(yīng)與什么物質(zhì)通過(guò)什么反應(yīng)得到？1、油脂得水解酸性條件下:C17H35COOCH+3H2O

3C17H35COOH+CHOHCH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2

H2SO4(硬脂酸甘油酯)(硬脂酸)(甘油)硬脂酸甘油酯+水硬脂酸+甘油1mol油脂完全水解得產(chǎn)物就是3mol高級(jí)脂肪酸與1mol甘油C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2堿性條件下:皂化反應(yīng)油脂在堿性條件下得水解反應(yīng)肥皂得主要成分鈉肥皂(硬肥皂)與鉀肥皂(軟肥皂)CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHCH2OHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH2CH2OH→C17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→CH2OHCH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOHC17H35COOCH2C17H35COOCH2CH2OHC17H35COOCH+3NaOH

3C17H35COONa+CHOH→12大家應(yīng)該也有點(diǎn)累了，稍作休息大家有疑問(wèn)的，可以詢(xún)問(wèn)和交流

NaOH溶液加熱油脂肥皂、甘油、水等的混和液加入細(xì)食鹽加熱、攪拌分層皂化鹽析加填充劑(松香、硅酸鈉等)壓濾、干燥成型下層：甘油、食鹽水等上層：肥皂液成品肥皂肥皂得制取原理:皂化、鹽析、成型加入食鹽細(xì)粒,使高級(jí)脂肪酸從混合物中析出而浮于液面食鹽得作用:降低高級(jí)脂肪酸鈉鹽得溶解度