英語（江蘇鹽城卷）（全解全析）2

2023年中考考前押題密卷【鹽城卷】英語·全解全析（本卷滿分90分，考試時間為90分鐘。）注意事項：1．答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置上，并認真核對條形碼上的姓名、準考證號是否與本人的相符合。2．答客觀題必須用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的正確選項涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選其他答案。答案不能答在試題卷上。3．答主觀題必須用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆作答，答案寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上。如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案。不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4．考生必須保持答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷（選擇題，共70分）一、單項填空〔共15小題；每題1分，總分值15分〕從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。1．Theretiredmusicteacherteacheschildrentoplay__________violinatweekends.（）A．/ B．a(chǎn) C．a(chǎn)n D．the參考譯文：這位退休的音樂老師在周末教孩子們拉小提琴。答案詳解：當(dāng)play后面跟西洋樂器時，樂器前面加定冠詞the。所以選：D。2．TheWorldEnvironmentDayisJune5theveryyear，anditstarted1972.（）A．a(chǎn)t；in B．on；in C．in；on參考譯文：世界環(huán)境日是每年的6月5日，始于1972年。答案詳解：on在具體的某一天，幾月幾號，in在哪年，哪月，哪季，at在幾點，June5th六月五號，前面加on；1972，1972年，前面加in。所以選：B。3．Ifyoudon'ttaketheGPSwithyou，youwillbe________ablindmanintherainforest.（）A．a(chǎn)sgoodas B．a(chǎn)swellas C．a(chǎn)ssillyas D．a(chǎn)sslowas參考譯文：如果你不帶上全球定位系統(tǒng)，在熱帶雨林中你就好像盲人一樣。答案詳解：asgoodas與...幾乎一樣；aswellas以及；assillyas和...一樣傻；asslowas和...一樣慢。根據(jù)觀察和分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知本題正確答案是A。所以選：A。4．Don't____________tilltomorrowwhatshouldbedonetoday.（）A．puton B．putoff C．putup D．putout參考譯文：今天要做的事不要拖到明天。答案詳解：A.穿上．B.延期、推遲，C.張貼，搭建，D.撲滅。句意"今天要做的事不要__到明天。"可知，應(yīng)該是"推遲"。所以選：B。5．______oftheland______coveredwithtreesandgrass.（）A．Twofifth；is B．Aquarter；is C．Ahalf；are D．Twofifth；are參考譯文：四分之一的土地被樹木和草地覆蓋。答案詳解：分數(shù)表達：分子是基數(shù)詞，分母是序數(shù)詞；當(dāng)分子大于一，分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)句意：四分之一的土地被樹木和草地覆蓋。land是不可數(shù)名詞，接be動詞is。五分之二的正確表達是twofifths。所以選：B。6．Whatdoyouthinkofthenewbridge？Ihaveneverseen_____before．（）A．soalongone B．solongone C．suchalongone D．a(chǎn)suchlongone參考譯文：——你認為這座新橋怎么樣？——我以前從沒見過這么長的橋．答案詳解：so如此，副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞；such如此，形容詞，修飾名詞．結(jié)合給出的四個選項，因此可知這句話的意思是"你認為這座新橋怎么樣？我以前從沒見過這么長的橋．"用one來代替bridge，所以要用such來修飾．名詞前面還可以加形容詞和不定冠詞．所以選：C．7．TheGreatGreenWallcan________thewindandsandfrommovingtothesouthofChina.（）A．provide B．protect C．promise D．prevent參考譯文：綠色長城可以阻止風(fēng)和沙向中國南部移動。答案詳解：考查動詞辨析。provide提供；protect保護；promise許諾；prevent防止。根據(jù)"thewindandsandfrommovingtothesouthofChina.（綠色長城可以阻止風(fēng)和沙向中國南部移動。）"可知，綠色長城是阻止風(fēng)和沙向中國南部移動。所以選：D。8．FIFAWORLDCupQutar2022________inQutarinNovember.Doyouknowwhowasthechampion？（）A．held B．washeld C．isheld D．willbeheld參考譯文：2022年國際足聯(lián)世界杯于11月在卡塔爾舉行。你知道誰是冠軍嗎？答案詳解：結(jié)合FIFAWORLDCupQutar2022"2022年國際足聯(lián)世界杯"可知，此句時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)。主語FIFAWORLDCupQutar2022和動詞hold是被動關(guān)系，故句子的語態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是：was/were+過去分詞。hold的過去分詞為held。所以選：B。9．Goodfriends______sharehappinesswitheachother，______helpeachotherintrouble.（）A．both；and B．either；or C．notonly；butalso D．neither；nor參考譯文：好朋友不僅互相分享快樂，而且在困難時也互相幫助。答案詳解：A.兩者都；B.要么……要么……；C.不僅……而且……；d.既不……也不……，根據(jù)題干，可知是指好朋友不僅互相分享快樂，而且在困難時也互相幫助。所以選：C。10．OurEnglishteacheralwaysencouragesus________Englishaloudinthemorning.（）A．read B．reading C．toread D．reads參考譯文：我們的英語老師總是鼓勵我們早上大聲朗讀英語。答案詳解：encouragesb.Todosth.鼓勵某人做某事，所以填動詞不定式toread。所以選：C。11．Mysister______forthemathtestuntilmidnightlastnightandnowshe______verytired.（）A．studies；feel B．studied；felt C．studied；feels D．studies；felt參考譯文：我妹妹昨晚為了數(shù)學(xué)考試一直學(xué)習(xí)到半夜，現(xiàn)在她感到很累。答案詳解：根據(jù)句意：我妹妹昨晚為了數(shù)學(xué)考試一直學(xué)習(xí)到半夜，現(xiàn)在她感到很累。由lastnight可知第一空是一般過去時；由now可知第二空是一般現(xiàn)在時，she接動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式。所以選：C。12．—Luke，______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.—OK.Don'tworry，Mom.Ineverbreaktrafficrules.（）A．not B．can't C．won't D．don't參考譯文：——盧克，在紅綠燈變綠之前不要過馬路?！玫?。別擔(dān)心，媽媽。我從不違反交通規(guī)則。答案詳解：not"不"；can't"不能"；won't"不會"；don't為助動詞。根據(jù)OK.Don'tworry，Mom.Ineverbreaktrafficrules.（好的。別擔(dān)心，媽媽。我從不違反交通規(guī)則。）可知，媽媽告訴盧克在紅綠燈變綠之前不要過馬路，故本句為祈使句的否定形式，don't后跟動詞原形。所以選：D。13．___________usefuladvicetheeditorsgaveusontheschoolnewspaper!（）A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How參考譯文：編輯們在校報上給了我們多么有用的建議??！答案詳解：在感嘆句中，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞/副詞，根據(jù)usefuladvicetheeditorsgave可知useful是形容詞，advice是不可數(shù)名詞，theeditors是主語，gave是謂語，句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語動詞！所以選：A。14．—Wouldyoumindmeclosingthewindow？Thewindisblowinghardoutside.—.You'dbetterclosethewindow.（）A．Nevermind B．Yes，Iwould C．No，Iwouldn't D．Ofcoursenot參考譯文：——你介意我關(guān)上窗戶嗎？外面風(fēng)刮得很大?！?dāng)然不。你最好關(guān)上窗戶。答案詳解：A.Nevermind沒關(guān)系；B.Yes，Iwould是的，我會的；C.No，Iwouldn't不，我不會；D.Ofcoursenot當(dāng)然不。問句中的would表示委婉客氣的請求，回答時不能直接用would。根據(jù)You'dbetterclosethewindow.（你最好關(guān)上窗戶。）可知，此處表示不介意。所以選：D。15．—ItisEileenGu'shardworkthatleadstohertwogoldmedalsattheBeijingWinterOlympics.—Exactly!____.（）A．Everydoghasitsday B．Whatlookseasierisn'talwaysso C．Nopains，nogains D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords參考譯文：——正是谷愛凌的努力使她在北京冬奧會上獲得了兩枚金牌。﹣正是如此!一分耕耘一分收獲。答案詳解：Everydoghasitsday凡人皆有得意時；Whatlookseasierisn'talwaysso看起來容易的事情并不總是如此；Nopain，nogains一分耕耘一分收獲；Actionsspeaklouderthanwords事實勝于雄辯。根據(jù)"ItisEileenGu'shardworkthatleadstohertwogoldmedalsattheBeijingWinterOlympics.""正是谷愛凌的努力使她在北京冬奧會上獲得了兩枚金牌。"可知，此處用"一分耕耘一分收獲"符合語境。所以選：C。二、完形填空〔共10小題；每題1分，總分值10分〕閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項〔A、B、C和D〕中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。Ateacherdecidedtoletherclassplayagame.Shetoldeachchildintheclasstobringalongaplasticbagwithafewbig（16）B.Eachpotatowasgiventhenameofapersonthatthechild（17）B.Sothenumberofpotatoesthatachildputinhisorherplasticbag（18）Conthenumberofpeopleheorshehated.Whenthedaycame，everychildbroughtsomepotatoes（19）Athenamesofthepeopleheorshehated.Somehadtwopotatoes，somethree（20）Asomehaduptofivepotatoes.Theteacherthentoldthechildrentocarrythepotatoesintheplasticbagwiththem（21）Dtheywent.Daysafterdayspassed，andthechildrenstartedtoletouttheirfrustrations（沮喪）becauseofthe（22）Dsmellletoutbytherotten（腐爛的）potatoes.Besides，thosehavingasmanyasfivepotatoesalsohadtocarry（23）Cbags.Afterweeks，thechildrenwererelieved（如釋重負的）becausethegame（24）Cended.Theteacherasked，"（25）Adidyoufeelwhilecarryingthepotatoeswithyouthesedays？"Thechildrenstarted（26）Bthetroubletheyhadtogothroughhavingtocarrytheheavyandsmellypotatoes.Thentheteachertoldthemthehidden（27）Dbehindthegame."Thisisexactlythesituationwhenyoucarryyourhatredfor（28）Cinsideyourheart.Thebadsmellofhatredwill（29）Byourheartandyouwillcarryitwithyoueverywhereyougo.Ifyou（30）Dstandthesmellofrottenpotatoesforjustashortperiodoftime，canyouimaginewhatitisliketohavehatredinyourheartforyourlifetime？"Forgiveothersandmoveonwithourlife.That'sourbestchoice.（16）A.GamesB.PotatoesC.BagsD.Tomatoes（17）A.LovedB.HatedC.AdmiredD.Trusted（18）A.LivedB.KeptC.DependedD.Carried（19）A.WithB.ByC.ThroughD.Without（20）A.WhileB.SinceC.UnlessD.Until（21）A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WheneverD.Wherever（22）A.UnimportantB.UnnecessaryC.UninterestingD.Unpleasant（23）A.BiggerB.BetterC.HeavierD.Cheaper（24）A.NeverB.SeldomC.FinallyD.Specially（25）A.HowB.WhyC.WhatD.When（26）A.ConnectingtoB.plainingaboutC.CarryingoutD.paringwith（27）A.PraiseB.ConditionC.MethodD.Meaning（28）A.AnybodyB.EverybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody（29）A.CleanB.PolluteC.SupportD.Protect（30）A.Needn'tB.Mustn'tC.Shouldn'tD.Can't文章主旨：文章講述了老師讓同學(xué)們把土豆當(dāng)作討厭的人背在書包里，不久之后，土豆發(fā)出難聞的氣味，通過這個游戲老師讓孩子們明白了盡量不去討厭生活中的任何人，這樣自己才會快樂。答案詳解：（16）考查名詞。句意：她告訴班上的每個孩子帶上一個塑料袋，里面有幾個大的土豆。A.游戲；B.土豆；C.包；D.西紅柿。根據(jù)Eachpotatowasgiventhenameofaperson（每個土豆有一個人的名字），可知塑料袋里裝的是土豆。所以選B。（17）考查動詞。句意：每個土豆都有孩子們討厭的人的名字。A.喜愛；B.討厭；C.欽佩；D.相信。根據(jù)thenumberofpeopleheorshehated（他或她討厭的人數(shù)），可知土豆上有孩子們討厭的人的名字。所以選B。（18）考查動詞。句意：所以孩子們放進塑料袋里的土豆的數(shù)量取決于他們討厭的人的數(shù)量。A.生活；B.保持；C.依靠；D.攜帶。根據(jù)Eachpotatowasgiventhenameofapersonthatthechildhated（每個土豆上都有孩子們討厭的人的名字），可知土豆的數(shù)量取決于孩子們討厭的人的數(shù)量，dependon取決于。所以選C。（19）考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)這一天到來時，每個孩子都帶了一些土豆，上面有他或她討厭的人的名字。A.有；B.通過某種方式；C.穿過；D.沒有。根據(jù)thenamesofthepeopleheorshehated（他或她討厭的人的名字），可知土豆上有這些人的名字。所以選A。（20）考查連詞。句意：有些有兩個土豆，有些有三個，而有些多達五個土豆。A.而；B.自從；C.除非；D.直到。根據(jù)句意，此處用while，表示"而"。所以選A。（21）考查副詞。句意：然后老師告訴孩子們把土豆裝在塑料袋里，無論到哪里都帶著它們。A.然而，無論如何；B.無論什么；C.無論何時；D.無論哪里。根據(jù)theywent（他們?nèi)?.....），可知是指孩子們無論去哪里都帶著這些土豆。所以選D。（22）考查形容詞。句意：一天又一天過去了，孩子們開始抱怨，因為腐爛的土豆散發(fā)出難聞的氣味。A.不重要的；B.沒有必要的；C.無趣的；D.不舒服的。根據(jù)therottenpotatoes（腐爛的土豆），可知發(fā)出的是讓人不舒服的氣味。所以選D。（23）考查形容詞。句意：此外，那些有五個土豆的人也不得不背更重的袋子。A.更大的；B.更好的；C.更重的；D.更便宜的。根據(jù)thosehavingasmanyasfivepotatoes（那些有五個土豆的人），可知土豆數(shù)量多，他們的包就更重。所以選C。（24）考查副詞。句意：幾周后孩子們?nèi)玑屩刎摚驗橛螒蚪K于結(jié)束了。A.從不；B.很少；C.最后，終于；D.特別地。根據(jù)thechildrenwererelieved（孩子們?nèi)玑屩刎摚芍螒蚪K于結(jié)束了。所以選C。（25）考查疑問詞。句意：這幾天你們帶著土豆感覺如何？A.如何；B.為什么；C.什么；D.何時。根據(jù)____didyoufeel（你們感覺____），可知是問感覺如何。所以選A。（26）考查動詞短語。句意：孩子們開始抱怨他們不得不忍受帶著又重又臭的土豆的麻煩。A.連接；B.抱怨；C.執(zhí)行；D.作比較。根據(jù)theyhadtogothroughhavingtocarrytheheavyandsmellypotatoes（他們不得不忍受帶著又重又臭的土豆的麻煩），可知孩子們開始抱怨。所以選B。（27）考查名詞。句意：然后老師告訴他們游戲背后隱藏的意義。A.贊揚；B.條件；C.方法；D.意義。根據(jù)Thisisexactlythesituationwhenyoucarryyourhatred（這正是你心中帶著恨的情形），可知老師告訴孩子們游戲背后隱藏的意義。所以選D。（28）考查不定代詞。句意：這就是你心里憎恨某人的情形。A.任何人；B.每個人；C.某人；D.沒有人。根據(jù)Eachpotatowasgiventhenameofapersonthatthechildhated（每個土豆上都有孩子們討厭的人的名字），可知帶著這些土豆就像帶著心里憎恨的某些人。所以選C。（29）考查動詞。句意：仇恨的味道會污染你的心，無論你走到哪里，你都會帶著它。A.打掃；B.污染；C.支持；D.保護。根據(jù)Thesmellofhatred（仇恨的味道），可知會污染你的心靈。所以選B。（30）考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：如果你在很短的一段時間內(nèi)不能忍受腐爛的土豆味，你能想象一輩子心中都有仇恨是什么感覺嗎？A.不需要；B.不要，禁止；C.不應(yīng)該；D.不能。根據(jù)Ifyou____standthesmellofrottenpotatoes（如果你____忍受腐爛土豆的氣味），可知是指不能忍受腐爛土豆的氣味。所以選D。三、閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）（一）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。ACamelbackMountainResort—Tannersville，PennsylvaniaPhone：（570）629﹣1661LocatedinPoconoMountains，thisresort（度假勝地）offersyearRoundfamilyfun.Roomsincludestudio，oneAndtwoBedroomsuites（套房），aswellasflatsthatsleepupto12guests．Kidscanhavefunindoorsorout.Indooractivitiesincluderockclimbing，agamecenter.Outdooractivitiesincludeawaterparkwithslides（滑梯）andrides，skiingandsnowboarding.TheTylerPlaceFamilyResort—HighgateSprings，VermontPhone：（802）868﹣4000Ifyou'relookingforavacationwithkidsinNewEngland，you'llwanttocheckoutthishotel.Therearecountlessactivitiesincludedwithyourstay.Forexample，youmightwanttoridebikes，takeboatrides，orenjoysomefishing.Thisisagreatresortforanyonelookingtofocusonnatureduringtheirvacation.BigCedarLodge—Ridgedale，MissouriPhone：（417）335﹣2777Thishoteloffersactivitiesforallages.Minigolf，alazyriver，poolsandBigCedarBeacharejustafewamenities（生活福利設(shè)施）includedwithyourstay.TheBigCedarKidsExplorationClubprovidesfourHouroutdoorexplorationclassesforchildrenages4～11，soparentscanexploretheresort.Inaddition，manyspecialeventsareplanned，likehorsebackriding，boattrips.FairfieldInn&Suites—FairOaks，IndianaPhone：（219）394﹣2100The99guestroomsofthishotelinclude31specialtysuites.ThisfamilyFriendlyhotelhasanindoorpoolandwaterslide，andlotsofkidCenteredactivities.YoucantakepartinmanyactivitiesoffarmingliketheDairyExplorationandCropExploration.There'sevenadogparkifyouwanttobringyourpetfamilymember.（31）Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttobookahotelthatallowsfishing？DA．（219）394﹣2100B．（417）335﹣2777C．（570）629﹣1661D．（802）868﹣4000（32）Whereisthesuitablehotelifyourfamilychooseoutdoorexplorationclasses？BA．InIndiana.B．InMissouri.C．InPennsylvania.D．InVermont.（33）WhatdoCamelbackMountainResortandFairfieldInn&Suiteshaveinmon？DA．Theyhavethesametypeofrooms.B．Theybothallowthefamilytotakepets.C．Theyarenotfitforthechildrentoplay.D．TheyhavedifferentkindsofkidCentredexploration.文章主旨：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章中展示了四則關(guān)于旅游勝地酒店的詳細信息的廣告。答案詳解：細節(jié)理解題。（31）根據(jù)"TheTylerPlaceFamilyResort—HighgateSprings，VermontPhone：（802）868﹣4000Ifyou'relookingforavacationwithkidsinNewEngland，you'llwanttocheckoutthishotel.Therearecountlessactivitiesincludedwithyourstay.Forexample，youmightwanttoridebikes，takeboatrides，orenjoysomefishing.."（佛蒙特州海格特斯普林斯泰勒廣場家庭度假酒店：（802）868﹣4000如果你想和孩子們一起在新英格蘭度假，你會想看看這家酒店。你的住宿包括無數(shù)活動。例如，你可能想騎自行車、乘船或釣魚。）可知如果想要釣魚可以撥打（802）868﹣4000預(yù)訂酒店，所以選D。（32）根據(jù)"BigCedarLodge—Ridgedale，Missouri...TheBigCedarKidsExplorationClubprovidesfourHouroutdoorexplorationclassesforchildrenages4～11，soparentscanexploretheresort."（BigCedar兒童探險俱樂部為4至11歲的兒童提供四小時的戶外探險課程，因此家長可以探索度假村。）可知如果家人選擇戶外探險課，適合的酒店是在密蘇里州，所以選B。（33）根據(jù)"Kidscanhavefunindoorsorout....Outdooractivitiesincludeawaterparkwithslidesandrides，skiingandsnowboarding."（戶外活動包括帶滑梯和游樂設(shè)施的水上公園、滑雪和單板滑雪。）和"YoucantakepartinmanyactivitiesoffarmingliketheDairyExplorationandCropExploration"（你可以參加許多農(nóng)業(yè)活動，如奶牛探險和作物探險。）可知兩個酒店都有以孩子為中心的探索活動，所以選D。BOneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying"You'resosmart!"Anotherteachersays"Youmusthaveworkedreallyhardatthis!"Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool？Studiesshowthatstudentswhohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheireffortisimportant.Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn'ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn'tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.Thesecondgroupwaslearningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewhohaveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow；peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.Iftheyworkhard，theycanbesuccessful.Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed？Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortandnotsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed，teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualworkratherthanintelligence（智力）ortalent.Whenstudentsfail，theyshouldbetoldhowtheycandobetter.Teachers，parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort，notintelligence.BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsetsFixedMindsetGrowthMindsetThingsyou'rebornwiththatcannotchangeThingsyoucangrowandimprovewithhardworkSomethingtoavoid—couldshowlackofskillSomethingimportant—leadstosuccessThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren'tgoodenoughThingsthathelpyoulearn（34）Whatkindofpeoplehavefewerchancestosucceedaccordingtothearticle？BA.Peoplewithagrowthmindset.B.Peoplewithafixedmindset.C.Peoplewhooftenlearnfromchallenges.D.Peoplewhooftenlearnfrommistakes.（35）FromtheformwecanknowpeoplewithagrowthmindsetconsiderchallengesasC.A.Thingsthey'rebornwithB.ThingstheyneedtoavoidC.ThingsthathelpthemlearnD.Thingsthatstopthemimproving（36）Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle？DA.Bytellingstories.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bydrawingmindmaps.D.Byparingfacts.文章主旨：本文說明了固定型思維和成長型思維的不同，提出了怎樣形成成長型思維。答案詳解：（34）推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn'ttryveryhardthenexttime"（一些學(xué)生被告知他們擅長一項任務(wù)。他們下一次沒怎么努力）及"Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn'tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.（第一組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)到他們有一定的技能。他們不認為他們能做得更好。這就是所謂的固定心態(tài)。）"可知，文章介紹了擁有固定型思維模式的學(xué)生在面對一項任務(wù)時，如果受到了夸贊表揚，那么下一次他們就不會再繼續(xù)努力了，故可推知擁有固定型思維的人獲得成功的機會較小。所以選B。（35）推理判斷題。根據(jù)表格最后一行Challenges中"Thingsthathelpyoulearn"（有助于你學(xué)習(xí)的東西）可知，擁有成長型思維的人會把挑戰(zhàn)視為可以幫助他們學(xué)習(xí)的事情。所以選C。（36）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn'ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime."（心理學(xué)家觀察了學(xué)生在受到不同類型的表揚后所做的事情。一些學(xué)生被告知他們擅長一項任務(wù)。下一次他們沒怎么努力。其他學(xué)生被告知，他們已經(jīng)努力完成了一項任務(wù)。下一次他們更加努力。）可知，文章第二段介紹了兩組不同的學(xué)生在接受不同表揚后的行為表現(xiàn)，說明了固定型思維和成長型思維的不同；故文章通過對比事實來組織文章中心思想。所以選D。CPeopleoftenthinkoftheNorthPole（北極）andtheSouthPoleassimilarfrozen（冰凍的）wastelands.Theyarebothplaceswithverylowtemperaturesandfewpeoplelivethere.However，theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.TheNorthPolehasnoland，onlythickice.Temperatureshardlyevergoabove32°F，atwhichwaterturnsintoice.Mostofthetime，itstaysbelowzero.Inwintertemperaturesareusuallyaslowas﹣30°F.Althoughconditionswereverypoor，peopletriedformanycenturiestoreachtheNorthPole.About100yearsago，twomen，RobertPearyandMathewHenson，wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th，1909.Itwasreallyahardtripforthem.TherearefewthingsmoredangerousthancrossingtheArctic（北極）onfoot.Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems：verylowtemperatures，suddenstorms，andevenhunger.Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.Peoplemightthinkthatwithsuchlowtemperaturesformostoftheyear，theicewouldbethickandhard.However，thisisnottrueintheArctic.Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwater（水道）called"leads".Anyonewhofallsintoaleadcanbefrozentodeathinafewminutes.（37）ThispassageisprobablyfromB.A．a(chǎn)bookreviewB．a(chǎn)sciencebookC．a(chǎn)schoolreportD．a(chǎn)putermagazine（38）Accordingtothepassage，whathappenedabout100yearsago？AA．TwomensucceededingettingtotheNorthPole.B．TemperaturesintheNorthPolewentabove32°F.C．TheenvironmentintheNorthPolesuddenlybecameworse.D．TheNorthPolechangedintothickicebecauseofthetemperatures.（39）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"uninhabited"probablymeaninChinese？DA．氣候惡劣的B．充滿危險的C．困難重重的D．無人居住的（40）ThereasonfortheicetobreakintotwoopeninglanesofwaterisC.A．thatthetemperaturesuddenlydropsB．thatthewaterundertheiceisfrozenC．thattheoceanwaterundertheicemovesD．thatthesurfaceiscoveredwithlotsofice文章主旨：這篇短文主要給我們介紹了北極的相關(guān)知識。北極和南極都是非常寒冷的地方，但北極和南極是很不一樣的。答案詳解：（37）文章來源題。根據(jù)第一段"However，theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine."（然而，南北極并不像人們想象的那樣相似。）和文意可知，這篇短文主要介紹了有關(guān)北極的一些情況，屬于科普類的文章，所以選B。（38）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第三段"About100yearsago，twomen，RobertPearyandMathewHenson，wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties."（大約100年前，羅伯特?皮爾里和馬修?亨森這兩個人能夠來到這個充滿麻煩和困難的環(huán)境）可知，大約100年前，有兩個人成功地到達了北極。所以選A。（39）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境"Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace."（幾乎沒有人能在這個地方生存下來。）可知，幾乎沒有人能在這個地方生存下來，說明大部分地區(qū)無人居住，uninhabited意為"無人居住的"。所以選D。（40）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface."（海水在冰下的運動通常會導(dǎo)致地表發(fā)生許多不同的變化。）可知，冰下面海水的運動可能會導(dǎo)致海面的很多變化，有時候冰會破裂形成開放的水道。所以選C。DDubai，UAEDubaishowsoffFerriswheelTheworld'slargestFerriswheelhasopenedinDubai.CalledtheDubaiEye，itstands250metershigh.That'sneartwicetheheightoftheLondonEye.Thereare48capsules（艙）onthewheelanditisabletocarryupto1，750visitorsatatime.Onepleteturningofthewheeltakes38minutes.AnopeningpartywasheldonOctober21，withaplaneandafireworkdisplay.Zhangjiajie，China______________________VisitorstotheZhangjiajieGlassBridgecanonceagaindrop260Metersintothecanyon（峽谷）below，nowthattheworld'shighestbungeejump（蹦極）hasreopened.JumpoperatorJonniDeakersaysthattheheightmakesthejumpeasier.""Whenyou'rethishigh，itkindoffeelslikeskydiving."hesaid.Bangkok，ThailandUnusedtaxisusedasavegetablepatchAcarParkfullofunusedtaxishasbeenturnedintoavegetablepatch（小塊地）inThailand'scapital，Bangkok.ThetaxishavenotbeenusedbecauseofCOVID﹣19.Thetaxipanyalloweditsworkerstousethetaxis'roofstogrowcabbages，cucumbersandsoontofeedthemselveswhileoutofwork.（41）AllthenewsabovemayefromwithCsection.A.WorldBitesB.CulturalActivitiesC.NationalGeographyD.ExtremeSports（42）AccordingtoJonniDeaker，C.A.ItwasquitescarybutexcitingtojumpB.ThejumpwasverydangerousC.TheheightgivesanadvantagetothejumpD..Jumpersfeeleasierwhilejumping（43）ThetaxiworkersinBangkokgothroughtheCOVID﹣19byB.A.GrowingvegetablesonawastedpatchB.PlantingvegetablesonthetheunusedtaxisC.FeedingthemselveswithdonatedvegetablesD.Receivingsomevegetablesfromtheirpany（44）Whatcanbeinferredfromtheabovematerials？BA.TheDubaiEyecancarryatleast1750visitorsonce.B.Thereare48capsulesintheferriswheelofDubai.C.Theworld'shighestBungeesjumpisnotstrangetopeople.D.Theunderlinedword"cucumbers"referstoavegetablebed.（45）Whatmightbethebestheadingforthesecondpieceofnews？DA.TheZhangjiajieGlassBridgeB.TheHeightMakestheJumpEasierC.EasySkydivingatQuiteaHeightD.TheHighestBungeeJumpReopens文章主旨：文章是關(guān)于三個國家的三條新聞。答案詳解：（41）細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)Dubai，UAE（迪拜，阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國）Zhangjiajie，China（中國張家界）Bangkok，Thailand（泰國，曼谷）可知介紹了三個國家的新聞?？赏瞥鲞@些來自國家地理雜志。所以選：C。（42）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JumpoperatorJonniDeakersaysthattheheightmakesthejumpeasier.（跳躍操作員JonniDeaker說，高度使跳躍更容易。）可知，高度給了跳躍優(yōu)勢。所以選：C。（43）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AcarParkfullofunusedtaxishasbeenturnedintoavegetablepatch（小塊地）inThailand'scapital，Bangkok.（泰國首都曼谷，一個停滿閑置出租車的停車場變成了一片菜地。）可知，曼谷出租車司機在閑置的出租車上種植蔬菜，度過了新冠肺炎疫情。所以選：B。（44）根據(jù)Thereare48capsules（艙）onthewheelanditisabletocarryupto1，750visitorsatatime.（摩天輪上有48個太空艙，能同時搭載1750名游客。）可知，迪拜摩天輪有48個太空艙。所以選：B。（45）最佳標題題。根據(jù)VisitorstotheZhangjiajieGlassBridgecanonceagaindrop260Metersintothecanyon（峽谷）below，nowthattheworld'shighestbungeejump（蹦極）hasreopened.（世界上最高的蹦極項目重新開放后，游客們又可以在張家界玻璃橋上從260米高的高空跳入峽谷了。）可知第二條新聞介紹了最高蹦極重新開放。所以選項D為最佳標題。所以選：D。（二）閱讀下面短文,從所給選項中選出能填入短文空白處的最佳選項,使短文通順,結(jié)構(gòu)完整,其中有一項是多余選項。A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Anotherproverbsays"Loveisblind."C.Hewasalsofamousforhisproverbs.D.Thismeansthatmoneyshouldnotbewasted.E.Heincludedmanyproverbsthathehadheardorcreated.F.Youhaveawholelifeaheadofyou.Aproverbisashort，wellknownsayingthatexpressesamontruthorbelief.Proverbsarefoundinmostculturesandareoftenveryold.InAmericanhistory，BenjaminFranklinwasascientist，inventorandwriteraswellasaleaderoftheAmericanRevolution.（46）CFranklinwroteabookcalled"PoorRichard'sAlmanac".（47）ESomeofthemarestillusedtoday，likethisone："Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy，wealthyandwise."Franklinisalsorememberedforotherproverbslike，"Apennysavedisapennyearned."（48）DHereareotherexamplesofproverbsthatAmericansuse.Thefirstonesareaboutlove.Somepeoplesay，"Allisfairinloveandwar."Theymeanthatanythingyoudoinarelationshiporinbattleisacceptable.（49）BInotherwords，whenyouareinlovewithsomeone，youmayrefusetoseeanythingbadaboutthatperson.Hereisanotherpopularsayingaboutlove："Thewaytoaman'sheartisthroughhisstomach."Somepeoplebelievethatawomancanwinaman'sloveifsheprepareshisfavoritefoods."（50）A"Thisproverbistrueinloveandwarorothersituations.Itmeansthatwhatyoudoismoreimportantthanwhatyousay.Wehavetostophere，sowemustsay，"Allgoodthingsmustetoanend."文章主旨：短文講了諺語的特點，詳細地介紹了富蘭克林說的一些諺語和其他一些諺語的含義。答案詳解：細節(jié)推理題。（46）C.根據(jù)前句"InAmericanhistory，BenjaminFranklinwasascientist，inventorandwriteraswellasaleaderoftheAmericanRevolution."在美國歷史上，本杰明?富蘭克林是一位科學(xué)家、發(fā)明家和作家，也是美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭的領(lǐng)袖?？芍榻B富蘭克林，結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)說他的諺語也很有名。所以選C。（47）E.根據(jù)后句"Someofthemarestillusedtoday，likethisone："Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy，wealthyandwise."其中一些至今仍在使用，比如："早睡早起使人健康、富有和聰明。"可知介紹他的一些諺語，結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)說他收錄了許多他聽過或創(chuàng)造過的諺語。所以選E。（48）D.根據(jù)前句"Franklinisalsorememberedforotherproverbslike，"Apennysavedisapennyearned."富蘭克林還因其他諺語而被人們記住，比如"省一分錢就是賺一分錢。"可知和錢有關(guān)的諺語，結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)說這意味著錢不應(yīng)該被浪費。所以選D。（49）B.根據(jù)后句"Inotherwords，whenyouareinlovewithsomeone，youmayrefusetoseeanythingbadaboutthatperson.換句話說，當(dāng)你愛上一個人時，你可能會拒絕看到那個人的任何不好的一面。"可知和愛情有關(guān)的諺語，結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)說另一句諺語說"愛情是盲目的。"所以選B。（50）A.根據(jù)后句"Thisproverbistrueinloveandwarorothersituations.Itmeansthatwhatyoudoismoreimportantthanwhatyousay."可知這句諺語在愛情、戰(zhàn)爭或其他情況下都是正確的，意思是你所做的比你所說的更重要。結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)說行動勝于空談。所以選A。第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題,共50分）四、閱讀并回答問題（共5小題,每小題2分,計10分）IwasonatraininSwitzerland.Thetraincametoastopandtheconductor's（乘務(wù)員的）voiceovertheloudspeakerdeliveredamessageinGerman，Italian，andFrench.I'dmadethemistakeofnotlearninganyofthoselanguagesbeforemyvacation.EveryonestaredgettingofftherainandanoldwomansawthatIwasconfused（迷惑）andstressed.ShecouldspeaksomeEnglishandtoldmethatanaccidenthadhappenedonthetracks（軌道）.SheaskedmewhereIwastryingtogetto，thenwentandtalkedtosomeworkers，andcamebacktotellmethatwe'dhavetohop（轉(zhuǎn)乘）trainstogetthere.Iwasreallygladshewasheadingthesamewaybecauseitwouldbeimpossibleformetofigureitoutonmyown.Sowewentfromonetrainstationtothenext，gettingtoknoweachotheralongtheway.Shewasreallythesweetestwoman.Itwasa2.5hourjourneyintotal，andwhenwemadeittothefinaldestination，wegotoffandsaidourgoodbyes.IhadmadeitjustintimetocatchmytraintoRome.Shetoldmeshehadatraintocatchaswell.Iaskedherhowmuchfarthershehadtogoandshetoldmethatherhomewastwohoursbacktheotherway.ShehadjumpedfromtraintotrainandtravelledthewholewayjusttomakesurethatImadeitIwasinsurprise.Awomanspentherwholedaysittingontrainsandtakingherhoursawayfromherhomejusttohelpoutaconfusedtouristvisitinghercountry.NomatterhowmanycountriesIvisit，I'llalwayssaythemostbeautifulcountryintheworldisSwitzerland.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問題，每題答案不超過6個單詞。（51）Whichlanguagedidthewriterlearn，German，ItalianorFrench？Helearnednoneofthem.（52）Whatwouldthewriterhavetodotogettotheplacehetriedtogoto？Hoppingtrains.（53）Wastheoldwomanreallyheadingthesamewayasthewriter？No，shewasn't.（54）Howlongwasthejourneyintotal？Itwas2.5hours.（55）Whatdoyouthinkoftheoldwoman？Sheiswarmheartedandkind.文章主旨：作者講了自己游覽瑞士遇到了一位心地善良的老婦人的經(jīng)歷。答案詳解：（51）Helearnednoneofthem.細節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)Thetraincametoastopandtheconductor's（乘務(wù)員的）voiceovertheloudspeakerdeliveredamessageinGerman，Italian，andFrench.I'dmadethemistakeofnotlearninganyofthoselanguagesbeforemyvacation.列車到達最高點，列車長通過揚聲器用德語、意大利語和法語傳達了一條信息。我犯了一個錯誤，在假期前沒有學(xué)習(xí)這些語言中的任何一種?？芍髡吣囊环N也沒學(xué)。所以答案為Helearnednoneofthem.（52）Hoppingtrains.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)we'dhavetohop（轉(zhuǎn)乘）trainstogetthere.我們不得不轉(zhuǎn)乘火車到的。可知作者要轉(zhuǎn)乘才能到達他想去的地方。所以答案為Hoppingtrains。（53）No，shewasn't.細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)Iaskedherhowmuchfarthershehadtogoandshetoldmethatherhomewastwohoursbacktheotherway.可知我問她還要走多遠，她告訴我她在另一條路回去兩個小