浙江省義烏市2024屆高三下學(xué)期5月第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)試卷 含解析

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)義烏市普通高中2024屆第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhattimearethespeakersmeetingPaul?A.At6:30.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.2.Whatisthewomanexcitedabout?A.Celebratingherbirthday.B.Visitinghersister.C.Gettingadriver’slicense.3.Whoisresponsiblefortheincidentaccordingtotheman?A.Himself.B.Thewoman.C.Peter.4.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’swords?A.Surprised.B.Uninterested.C.Nervous.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Professorandstudent.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthewomanlate?A.Shecouldnotfindtheman’scompany.B.Shewaswaitingforanassistant.C.Shehadtoparkfaraway.7.Whatwillthemandointheafternoon?A.Lockaroom.B.Changealight.C.Conductaninterview.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Planningaschedule.B.Choosingadestination.C.Bookingatrip.9.Howwillthespeakersexplorethecitytoday?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesTrudysayaboutthebuyer?A.Hewillpaywhattheownerwants.B.Hethinksthehouseneedsrepairs.C.Hewantsonemoretourofthehouse.11.WhatdidTrudytalkaboutwiththebuyer?A.Themovingdate.B.Thedecorationdetails.C.Theavailablefurniture.12WhatwillthemandothisFriday?A.Findanewhouse.B.Signadeal.C.Moveout.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhydoesBarbaradoherresearchsecretly?A.Togainfameasajournalist.B.Togetfirsthandexperience.C.Toavoidinterviewswithpeople.14.HowlongdidBarbaraspenddoinglow-wagejobs?A.Onemonth.B.Threemonths.C.Fourmonths.15WhatdidBarbaradiscoverduringtheresearch?A.Thejobsdidn’trequiremucheffort.B.Thewagescouldn’tcovertherents.C.Theworkers’livesweretough.16.HowdoesBarbaradescribeherbook?A.Informative.B.Profitable.C.Well-structured.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdidarecentstudyrevealaboutgardening?A.Olderpeopletendtodogardening.BGardeningissuitableforallagegroups.C.Moreyoungpeopleenjoygardeningthantheelderly.18.Whatpercentageofparticipantslikebuyinggardeningitems?A.About60%.B.About67%.C.About78%.19.Wheredotheparticipantslikedoinggardeningthemost?A.Inthelivingrooms.B.Onthebalconies.C.Onthekitchenwindows.20.Whatdoesthespeakermentionatlast?A.Thebenefitsofgardening.B.Thekeytogardening.C.Thetypesofgardening.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AWouldyouliketocometotheRoyalOperaHousetoexperienceincredibleoperaproductionsforonly￡7.50?Students’applicationsfor2024/25arenowopen!Labohème13May202412:30pmApplicationsopenOPERA(ItalianwithEnglishsurtitles)Paris,1900.PennilesswriterRodolfobelievesthatartisallheneeds-untilhemeetsMimi,thelonelyseamstresswholivesupstairs.Sobeginsatimelesslovestorythatblooms,fades,andrekindleswiththepassingseasons.[ContentWarning:thisproductioncontainsloudnoisesandflashinglights]HanselandGretel9January202511:30amApplicationsopenOPERA(Englishwithsurtitles)Thisfamousfairytaleoftwochildrenwhogetlostintheforestandareluredintothehomeofanevilwitchmakesforamagicalexperienceforyou.WillHanselandGretelescapethewitch’sgingerbreadhouseandmanagetoreturnhome?ThisperformanceincludesaspecialEverybodySingattheendoftheproductionwiththecastandorchestra!Carmen11June202511:30amApplicationsopenOPERA(FrenchwithEnglishsurtitles)Carmenisarebelwithapassionatecause-shewantstoliveandloveinherownway.ThoughCarmenwarnsDonJosénottoloveher,hegivesuphisjob,reputation,andgirlfriendforherwithdisastrousconsequences.[ContentWarning:thisproductioncontainsthemesofmoderateviolence]1.WhatdoLabohèmeandCarmenhaveincommon?A.Theyarebothcomedies. B.Theyarebothlovestories.C.TheyarebothsetinFrance. D.Theyareperformedinthesamelanguage.2.WhatsetsHanselandGretelapartfromtheotherperformances?A.Itisadaptedfromabiography. B.Itincludessomeviolentscenes.C.Itallowsaudienceparticipation. D.Itisavailabletoenjoythisyear.3.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Awebsite. C.Abrochure. D.Areview.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了將在皇家歌劇院演出的幾個(gè)歌劇表演?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Labohème中“Sobeginsatimelesslovestorythatblooms,fades,andrekindleswiththepassingseasons.(一段永恒的愛(ài)情故事就這樣開(kāi)始了，它隨著季節(jié)的流逝而綻放、凋謝、重燃。)”和Carmen中“Carmenisarebelwithapassionatecause-shewantstoliveandloveinherownway.ThoughCarmenwarnsDonJosénottoloveher,hegivesuphisjob,reputation,andgirlfriendforherwithdisastrousconsequences.(卡門(mén)是一個(gè)充滿激情的叛逆者——她想以自己的方式生活和愛(ài)。雖然卡門(mén)警告唐·約瑟夫不要愛(ài)她，但他還是為了她放棄了工作、名譽(yù)和女朋友，結(jié)果卻帶來(lái)了災(zāi)難性的后果。)”可知，它們都是愛(ài)情故事。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HanselandGretel中“ThisperformanceincludesaspecialEverybodySingattheendoftheproductionwiththecastandorchestra!(這次演出包括在演出結(jié)束時(shí)與演員和管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)一起特別演唱的‘大家一起唱’！)”并結(jié)合其他表演可知，允許觀眾參與讓HanselandGretel與其他表演不同。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“WouldyouliketocometotheRoyalOperaHousetoexperienceincredibleoperaproductionsforonly￡7.50?Students’applicationsfor2024/25arenowopen!(你愿意只花7.5英鎊就去皇家歌劇院欣賞令人難以置信的歌劇嗎？學(xué)生2014/25學(xué)年的申請(qǐng)現(xiàn)已開(kāi)放!)”可知，這是一則廣告，介紹了將在皇家歌劇院演出的幾個(gè)歌劇表演，學(xué)生可以預(yù)約申請(qǐng)觀看。結(jié)合其他選項(xiàng)可知，本文應(yīng)該來(lái)自于網(wǎng)站。故選B項(xiàng)。BLastnight,ItoldmyArgentinianfriendthatIhadbeenusingLangAItopracticemySpanish.Itcannotonlycorrectmyerrors,Itoldhim,butalsogivemedifferentregionalexpressionsinthelanguage,includingMexicanSpanish,ArgentinianSpanish,andSpanglish.And,unlikewhenIamchattingwithhimonWhatsApp,Idonothavetofactorintimezonedifferences.Myfriendseemedlessexcited.“So,you’vereplacedme?”hejoked.Ihaven’t,ofcourse.TheconvenienceandwidthofanAIchatbotcan’tcompetewiththepleasuresofchattingwithsomeonewhosepersonalityIhavelearnedoverthecourseofyears.Itis,however,ausefulsupplement.LangAI,onespecificlanguage-learningchatbot,waslaunchedinMarchbyFedericoRuizCassarino.HedrewonhisownexperiencesoflearningEnglishaftermovingfromUruguaytoBritain.Manypeoplegetself-consciousaboutmakingmistakesinalanguagetheybarelyspeak,eventoatutor,RuizCassarinonotes.Butachatbotwon’tjudgeyou.AndthenewwaveofgenerativeAIissoadvancedthatratherthansticktoboringpre-scripted（照本宣科的）role-plays,“youcanspeakaboutthingsthatareinterestingtoyou,whichmakesitfeellikenotasmuchofachoretolearn.”Tothisend,theteamcustomizedLangAI’sinterfacetomatchusers’vocabularylevels,addedtheabilitytomakecorrectionsduringaconversation,andenabledtheconversionofspeechtotext.AI-poweredlanguagelearningappshaveweaknesses.UsersarereportingthatchatbotsarequitecompetentinwidelyspokenEuropeanlanguages,butthequalitysubstantiallyworsensforlanguagesthatarelessrepresentedonlineorthathavedifferentwritingsystems.Evenincommonlanguages,thechatbotsmakeerrors,sometimesinventingwords.Thismaynotbotheradvancedlearnersmuch,butwiththesechatbotsdeliveringtextsoconfidently,itwouldbeeasyforarelativelynewlearnertotakewhattheysayascorrect.4.WhatadvantagesdoesAIhaveovermyfriend?A.Fixeveryerrorinconversations. B.Displaydifferencesinlanguages.C.Provideenjoyableconversations. D.Offerround-the-clockassistance.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2referto?A.Thecourseofyears. B.PracticesonLangAI.C.ChatsonWhatsApp. D.Thepleasuresofchatting.6.WhyisCassarino’slanguagelearningexperiencementioned?A.TohighlighttheinspirationbehindLangAI’screation.B.Toillustratethechallengesfacedbylanguagelearners.C.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweendifferentlanguages.D.ToshowLangAI’semphasisonpersonalizedexperiences7.WhatcanLangAIdotosupportlanguagelearners?A.Scoringusers’performanceinconversations.B.Generatingspeechaccordingtothegiventext.C.Creatingnewwordsbytherulesofwordformation.D.Providingdialoguesbasedonusers’languageproficiency.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)講述LangAI的使用情況，說(shuō)明了使用LangAI練習(xí)語(yǔ)言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和不足。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“And,unlikewhenIamchattingwithhimonWhatsApp,Idonothavetofactorintimezonedifferences.(而且，與我在WhatsApp上與他聊天時(shí)不同，我不需要考慮時(shí)區(qū)差異的因素。)”可知，AI的優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以提供全天候幫助。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“TheconvenienceandwidthofanAIchatbotcan’tcompetewiththepleasuresofchattingwithsomeonewhosepersonalityIhavelearnedoverthecourseofyears.(人工智能聊天機(jī)器人的便利性和廣度無(wú)法和與我多年來(lái)了解的人聊天的樂(lè)趣相比。)”描述了使用人工智能聊天機(jī)器人練習(xí)語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Itis,however,ausefulsupplement.(然而，It是一種有用的補(bǔ)充。)”其中劃線代詞指代的是“使用LangAI練習(xí)語(yǔ)言”。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“LangAI,onespecificlanguage-learningchatbot,waslaunchedinMarchbyFedericoRuizCassarino.HedrewonhisownexperiencesoflearningEnglishaftermovingfromUruguaytoBritain.(今年3月，F(xiàn)edericoRuizCassarino推出了一款專(zhuān)門(mén)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的聊天機(jī)器人LangAI。他借鑒了自己從烏拉圭搬到英國(guó)后學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，提到Cassarino的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷是為了突出LangAI創(chuàng)作背后的靈感。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Tothisend,theteamcustomizedLangAI’sinterfacetomatchusers’vocabularylevels,addedtheabilitytomakecorrectionsduringaconversation,andenabledtheconversionofspeechtotext.(為此，該團(tuán)隊(duì)定制了LangAI的界面，以匹配用戶的詞匯量水平，增加了在對(duì)話中進(jìn)行更正的能力，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)音到文本的轉(zhuǎn)換。)”可知，LangAI能根據(jù)用戶的語(yǔ)言水平提供對(duì)話來(lái)支持語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者。故選D項(xiàng)。CThecorneatenaroundtheworldtodayoriginatedinMexiconearly10,000yearsago.FromtheancientritualsoftheMayanstomodern-daydishesliketortillas,corniscentraltoculture,cuisine,andidentityinthisregion.Toprotectthisheritage,Mexicoisfightingtophaseoutgeneticallymodified(GM)U.S.—growncornthisyear.TheMexicangovernmentclaimsthatbanningGMcornwillprotectthecountry’snativecornvarieties.YettheannouncementarousedstrongobjectionsfromtheU.S.,whoselargestannualcustomerforGMcornisoftenMexico.TheU.S.claimsthattheGMbanbreaksthetradeagreementbetweenthetwocountries.MexicoinsiststhatmodifiedseedsthreatenMexico’sagriculturaltraditionsandculturalidentity.IntheU.S.,mostcornisgrownwithseedproducedbylargecompanies,whichcreatejustahandfulofgeneticallyidenticalcornvarietiesgrownatmassscale.InMexico,however,seedscomefromseed-sharingpracticesamongsmall-scalefarms,whichfacilitatesmorediversityandallowsfarmerstogrowcornthatrangeswidelyincolorandsize.“Traditionalvarietiesmaintainasubstantialamountofgeneticdiversity,”saysJeffreyRoss-Ibarra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,buthedoesn’tthinkbanningGMcornwillhelppreservethesevarieties,andpointstoadeclineinsmall-scalefarmsasthegreaterthreattonativecorn.“Iftraditionalfarmersabandonsubsistencefarming,we’repotentiallylosingdiversitywhetherthatcropisGMortraditionallybred,soeconomicpolicyhasamuchbiggerimpactontheriskofcorndiversitythananadoptionofGMcorn.”SinceMexicobeganimportingU.S.corn,small-scalefarmshavebeendeclining.MauricioBellon,aresearchprofessorattheSwettCenterforSustainableFoodsSystems,believesthatwhilethreatenedspeciesareoftenstoredingenebanks,therelationshipbetweenafarmerandtheircropplaysacrucialconservationrole.“EvolutionatscalecontinueswithcorninMexicothroughmillionsoffarmers,”sayshim.8.WhyisMexicoprohibitingGMcorn?A.Tosafeguarditsowntypesofcorn. B.Toreducethecostofimportingcorn.C.TogetridofthedependenceontheUS. D.Tostopthedecreaseofsmall-scalefarms.9.WhatisdifferentincornproductionpracticesbetweentheUSandMexicofromparagraph3?A.Thetechnologyoffarming. B.Thesourceofcornseeds.C.Theownershipoffarmland. D.Therelationshipbetweenfarmers.10.What’sJefferey’sattitudetowardtheMexicangovernment’sclaim?A.Approval. B.Concerned. C.Critical. D.Tolerant.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.GMcornhasnegativeeffectsontraditionalfarms.B.Endangeredspeciesarewellpreservedingenebanks.C.SpeciesdiversitycontributestotheevolutionofspeciesD.Traditionalfarmingpracticeshelpinpreservingcornvarieties.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了墨西哥政府禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米保護(hù)本國(guó)的本土玉米品種的政策以及研究人員的不同看法?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheMexicangovernmentclaimsthatbanningGMcornwillprotectthecountry’snativecornvarieties.(墨西哥政府聲稱(chēng)，禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米將保護(hù)該國(guó)的本土玉米品種。)”可知，墨西哥禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米是為了保護(hù)自己的玉米品種。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“IntheU.S.,mostcornisgrownwithseedproducedbylargecompanies,whichcreatejustahandfulofgeneticallyidenticalcornvarietiesgrownatmassscale.InMexico,however,seedscomefromseed-sharingpracticesamongsmall-scalefarms,whichfacilitatesmorediversityandallowsfarmerstogrowcornthatrangeswidelyincolorandsize.(在美國(guó)，大多數(shù)玉米都是用大公司生產(chǎn)的種子種植的，這些大公司只生產(chǎn)少量大規(guī)模種植的基因相同的玉米品種。然而，在墨西哥，種子來(lái)自小規(guī)模農(nóng)場(chǎng)之間的種子共享做法，這促進(jìn)了更多的多樣性，并允許農(nóng)民種植顏色和大小各異的玉米。)”可知，在美國(guó)和墨西哥的玉米生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中，玉米種子的來(lái)源不同。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“‘Traditionalvarietiesmaintainasubstantialamountofgeneticdiversity,’saysJeffreyRoss-Ibarra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,buthedoesn’tthinkbanningGMcornwillhelppreservethesevarieties,andpointstoadeclineinsmall-scalefarmsasthegreaterthreattonativecorn.(‘傳統(tǒng)品種保持了大量的遺傳多樣性，’加州大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家JeffreyRoss-Ibarra說(shuō)，但他不認(rèn)為禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米將有助于保護(hù)這些品種，并指出小規(guī)模農(nóng)場(chǎng)的退化是對(duì)本地玉米的更大威脅。)”以及“Iftraditionalfarmersabandonsubsistencefarming,we’repotentiallylosingdiversitywhetherthatcropisGMortraditionallybred,soeconomicpolicyhasamuchbiggerimpactontheriskofcorndiversitythananadoptionofGMcorn.(如果傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民放棄自給自足的農(nóng)業(yè)，我們可能會(huì)失去多樣性，無(wú)論這種作物是轉(zhuǎn)基因還是傳統(tǒng)育種，因此經(jīng)濟(jì)政策對(duì)玉米多樣性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響要比采用轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米大得多。)”可知，Jeffrey對(duì)墨西哥政府的聲明持批評(píng)態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“MauricioBellon,aresearchprofessorattheSwettCenterforSustainableFoodsSystems,believesthatwhilethreatenedspeciesareoftenstoredingenebanks,therelationshipbetweenafarmerandtheircropplaysacrucialconservationrole.“EvolutionatscalecontinueswithcorninMexicothroughmillionsoffarmers,”sayshe.(斯威特可持續(xù)食品系統(tǒng)中心的研究教授MauricioBellon認(rèn)為，雖然瀕危物種通常被儲(chǔ)存在基因庫(kù)中，但農(nóng)民與作物之間的關(guān)系在保護(hù)中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。他說(shuō)：‘墨西哥數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的農(nóng)民種植玉米，大規(guī)模的進(jìn)化仍在繼續(xù)?！?”可知，傳統(tǒng)的耕作方式有助于保存玉米品種。故選D項(xiàng)。DThecolorfulanemonefish(?？~(yú)),alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfulandcarefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththefamily-friendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainstotheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.Toinvestigatehowthesefishidentifygroupmembers,ateamfromJapanconductedtwoexperimentswithlab-raisedcommonclownfishthathadneverencounteredanyotherspecies.Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.Theyobservedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecific-targetedfishforuptothreeseconds.Incontrast,invadersfromotherspecies,liketheorangeskunkclownfishwithnosidebarsandawhitelinealongitsback,werebarelyattacked.Thetwo-barredClarke’sclownfishandthree-barredsaddlebackclownfishwere“mildlybullied”,accordingtotheteam.Duringthesecondexperiment,theresearchersexposedacolonyofclownfishtovariousplasticdiscs.Thediscswerepaintedwithanemonefishcolorationandmeasuredthelevelofaggressiontowardstheseartificialmodels.Similartoreactionstolivefish,modelswithtwobarswerelessfrequentlyattacked,andthosewithoutanybarssawtheleastaggression.Accordingtostudyco-authorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings“suggestthatclownfishiscapableofcountingthenumberofbarstorecognizethespeciesoftheinvader”.Theteamalsofoundthatarigidhierarchy(社會(huì)等級(jí))withinclownfishcoloniesdetermineswhichspecificfishattacktheinvader.Earlierstudieshaveshownthatthesocialpositionoftheclownfishisdeterminedbyveryslightdifferencesinsize.Thisstudyusedfishthathadnotmaturedandwereinalabsetting,buttheteamstillobservedthesamesize-basedhierarchy.Thelargestclownfishledthechargeagainsttheinvader.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hostile”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.Unfriendly. B.Tolerant. C.Patient. D.Sympathetic.13.Howisthestudyconducted?A.Byintroducinganewconcept. B.Bycomparingdifferentclownfish.C.Byobservingclownfish’behaviors. D.Byanalyzingstatisticsofpreviousstudies.14.Whatisthefindingofthetwoexperiments?A.Clownfishcan’treachmaturityinalabsetting.B.Skunkclownfishisthemostmodestclownfish.C.Thesocialpositionofaclownfishdependsonitssize.D.Clownfishidentifythreatsbythenumberofverticalbars.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BarredandBullied:AttacksfromAnemonefish.B.ClownfishandConflicts:StrictSocialHierarchies.C.BeyondtheScreen:TheidentificationofClownfish.D.FromLabtoTank:AggressionAmongAnemonefish.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹一項(xiàng)研究，表明電影中描繪的家族友好型小丑魚(yú)并不總是那么友好，它們也會(huì)積極地攻擊它們認(rèn)為是威脅的其他小丑魚(yú)?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。第三段劃線詞句后文“Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecific-targetedfishforuptothreeseconds.(這些魚(yú)與80%的特定目標(biāo)魚(yú)搏斗長(zhǎng)達(dá)3秒。)”說(shuō)明這些魚(yú)對(duì)特定目標(biāo)魚(yú)不友好，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Theyobservedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.(他們觀察到，普通的小丑魚(yú)對(duì)自己物種中表現(xiàn)出三條白色條紋的成員尤其hostile。)”其中劃線部分意思是“不友好，有敵意”。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.Theyobservedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.(在第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員將不同種類(lèi)的海葵魚(yú)，通過(guò)它們身體上白色條紋的數(shù)量來(lái)區(qū)分，放進(jìn)一個(gè)小箱子里。他們觀察到，普通的小丑魚(yú)對(duì)自己物種中表現(xiàn)出三條白色條紋的成員尤其hostile。)”等內(nèi)容可知，這項(xiàng)研究是通過(guò)觀察魚(yú)的行為進(jìn)行的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Accordingtostudyco-authorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings‘suggestthatclownfishiscapableofcountingthenumberofbarstorecognizethespeciesoftheinvader’.(根據(jù)該研究的合著者、生態(tài)學(xué)家KinaHayashi的說(shuō)法，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)‘表明小丑魚(yú)能夠通過(guò)計(jì)算條紋的數(shù)量來(lái)識(shí)別入侵者的種類(lèi)’。)”可知，這兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)小丑魚(yú)通過(guò)條紋的數(shù)量來(lái)識(shí)別威脅。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Thecolorfulanemonefish(?？~(yú)),alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfulandcarefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththefamily-friendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainstotheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.(五顏六色的?？~(yú)，也被稱(chēng)為小丑魚(yú)，在人類(lèi)中有著歡快和無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的形象。然而，他們的實(shí)際行為可能并不總是與皮克斯電影中對(duì)家族友好的描繪相符。它們可以積極地保護(hù)自己的領(lǐng)土，不受它們認(rèn)為是威脅的其他海葵魚(yú)的攻擊。)”可知，本文主要講述了電影中描繪的家族友好型小丑魚(yú)并不總是那么友好，它們也會(huì)積極地攻擊它們認(rèn)為是威脅的其他小丑魚(yú)。C“屏幕之外：小丑魚(yú)的鑒定”符合主題，故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Iamalwaysconfusedwhenreadingstatementslike“PrincetonUniversityisthenumberonecollegeintheUnitedStates.”ArethosewhoattendPrincetoninherentlybrighterthantheirpeers?____16____OrisPrincetonthebestacrossallacademicsubjectsoverall?Ididn’tcareaboutcollegerankingsforyearsuntilIrecentlysawsomethingdifferent.ThispastOctober,ShanghaiRankingConsultancyunveiledtheGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects2023,whichassessesuniversitiesworldwideacross55subjectsinfivedisciplines.____17____Andthismakesiteasierforprospectivestudentstochoosethebestcollegefortheirspecificsubject.____18____WhenIdelveddeeperintothemethodologybehindtheserankings,Idiscoveredacomplexwebofcriteria,includingacademicreputation,researchoutput,andinternationalcollaboration.____19____However,theydonotcapturetheentiretyofthecollegeexperience.Factorslikecampusculture,extracurricularopportunities,andfaculty-studentinteractionscanprofoundlyshapeyourundergraduateyears,yettheyoftenremainunquantifiableinrankingsystems.____20____Whatmaybetheidealenvironmentforonestudentpursuingengineeringmightnotsuitanotherstudyingliterature.It’scrucialtoconsideryourpersonalpreferences,careeraspirations,andlearningstylewhenevaluatingpotentialcolleges.Whileprestigiousuniversitiesmayofferunparalleledresourcesandnetworkingopportunities,asmaller,lesser-knowncollegemightprovideamorenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentforyourindividualgrowthanddevelopment.Ultimately,thebestcollegeforyouistheonethatalignswithyourvalues,ambitions,andvisionforthefuture.A.Thevalueofauniversityeducationgoesbeyonditsranking.B.IsPrincetonthemostbeautifulcampusallaroundtheworld?C.IsPrincetonabletoproducemoregeniusesupongraduation?D.Thatbeingsaid,howmuchweightshouldbegiventotheserankings?E.Actually,theconceptofa“best”collegeissubjectiveandcontext-dependent.F.Thesemeasuresprovidevaluableinsightsintotheacademicstrengthofuniversities.G.Itissaidtoemployamorein-depthapproachtoevaluatetheperformanceofuniversities.【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。作者談?wù)摿藢?duì)于大學(xué)排名的質(zhì)疑?！?6題詳解】上文“Iamalwaysconfusedwhenreadingstatementslike‘PrincetonUniversityisthenumberonecollegeintheUnitedStates.’ArethosewhoattendPrincetoninherentlybrighterthantheirpeers?(當(dāng)我讀到‘普林斯頓大學(xué)是美國(guó)第一大學(xué)’這樣的說(shuō)法時(shí)，我總是很困惑。普林斯頓的學(xué)生天生就比同齡人聰明嗎？)”及下文“OrisPrincetonthebestacrossallacademicsubjectsoverall?(還是普林斯頓大學(xué)在所有學(xué)科上都是最好的？)”說(shuō)明作者對(duì)‘普林斯頓大學(xué)是美國(guó)第一大學(xué)’這樣的說(shuō)法表示質(zhì)疑，所以一連問(wèn)了一系列的問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)C“普林斯頓大學(xué)能在畢業(yè)后培養(yǎng)出更多的天才嗎?”是對(duì)此質(zhì)疑的問(wèn)題中的一個(gè)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“ThispastOctober,ShanghaiRankingConsultancyunveiledtheGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects2023,whichassessesuniversitiesworldwideacross55subjectsinfivedisciplines.(去年10月，上海排名咨詢(xún)公司發(fā)布了《2023年全球?qū)W科排名》，該排名對(duì)全球5個(gè)學(xué)科的55個(gè)學(xué)科進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。)”說(shuō)明某公司對(duì)大學(xué)進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，選項(xiàng)G“據(jù)說(shuō)要采用一種更深入的方法來(lái)評(píng)估大學(xué)的表現(xiàn)?！背薪由衔?，說(shuō)明據(jù)說(shuō)評(píng)估的方法更深入。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Andthismakesiteasierforprospectivestudentstochoosethebestcollegefortheirspecificsubject.(這使得未來(lái)的學(xué)生更容易為他們的特定專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇最好的大學(xué)。)”說(shuō)明有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)排名使未來(lái)的學(xué)生更容易為他們的特定專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇最好的大學(xué)，選項(xiàng)D“話雖如此，這些排名應(yīng)該給予多少權(quán)重?”承接上文，作者對(duì)這些排名到底占多少權(quán)重進(jìn)行質(zhì)疑。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】上文“WhenIdelveddeeperintothemethodologybehindtheserankings,Idiscoveredacomplexwebofcriteria,includingacademicreputation,researchoutput,andinternationalcollaboration.(當(dāng)我深入研究這些排名背后的方法時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)復(fù)雜的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)、研究成果和國(guó)際合作。)”說(shuō)明排名的方法有復(fù)雜的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括許多方面，選項(xiàng)F“這些衡量提供了對(duì)大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)實(shí)力的有價(jià)值的見(jiàn)解?！背薪由衔?，說(shuō)明這些排名對(duì)衡量大學(xué)有一定的意義。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“Whatmaybetheidealenvironmentforonestudentpursuingengineeringmightnotsuitanotherstudyingliterature.It’scrucialtoconsideryourpersonalpreferences,careeraspirations,andlearningstylewhenevaluatingpotentialcolleges.Whileprestigiousuniversitiesmayofferunparalleledresourcesandnetworkingopportunities,asmaller,lesser-knowncollegemightprovideamorenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentforyourindividualgrowthanddevelopment.Ultimately,thebestcollegeforyouistheonethatalignswithyourvalues,ambitions,andvisionforthefuture.(對(duì)于一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)工程學(xué)的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，理想的環(huán)境可能不適合另一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)文學(xué)的學(xué)生。在評(píng)估潛在的大學(xué)時(shí)，考慮你的個(gè)人偏好、職業(yè)抱負(fù)和學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格是至關(guān)重要的。雖然名牌大學(xué)可能會(huì)提供無(wú)與倫比的資源和社交機(jī)會(huì)，但一所規(guī)模較小、知名度較低的大學(xué)可能會(huì)為你的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展提供更多的培育和支持環(huán)境。最終，最適合你的大學(xué)是一所符合你的價(jià)值觀、抱負(fù)和未來(lái)愿景的大學(xué)。)”說(shuō)明“最好”的大學(xué)概念并不是客觀的，要具體情況具體分析，選項(xiàng)E“實(shí)際上，‘最好’大學(xué)的概念是主觀的，并且取決于具體情況。”概括本段主題，是本段主題句。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IntheheartofGaza,a15-year-oldPalestinianteen,HussamAl-Attar,hasbecomeabeaconofhope.Hehasbeen____21____the’NewtonofGaza’becausehecameupwithabrilliantandpracticalsolutiontoaddressthepower____22____issueindisplacementsheltersinRafah.Equippedwith____23____basictools,Hussamgeneratedelectricitytoilluminatethedarkshelters.The____24____behindhissolutionwassimple-hewantedto____25____thelonelinessandfearhistwinnephewsexperiencedinthedarktent.Despitethe____26____ofresources,Hussammanagedtocreatefansthatgenerateelectricity.Firstly,he____27____componentsfromdamagedelectronicdevices,gatheringessentialelementsforhispowergenerators.Thesecomponentshaveincludedcoils,___28___,andmagnets.Next,Hussam____29____asimpleyeteffectiveturbine(渦輪)usinglocally____30____materials.Theturbine’sblades(葉片)wereconstructedfromlightweightbutstrongmaterialsto____31____theforceofthewind.Asthewind___32___theseblades,itactivatedtheturbine.Withdreamsofbecominganinventor,Hussamremains____33____aboutlife’spossibilitiesdespitePalestine’schallenges.Healsonotesthattherearemany____34____teenslikehiminGaza.Asthe’NewtonofGaza,’HussamAl-Attarisnotjustbrighteningshelters;heislightingthewayforabrighterfutureinthefaceof____35____21.A.rewarded B.nicknamed C.awarded D.marked22.A.balance B.abuse C.control D.failure23.A.nearly B.almost C.only D.much24.A.instruction B.situation C.motivation D.explanation25.A.overcome B.ease C.release D.escape26.A.supply B.waste C.shortage D.distribution27.A.recycled B.restored C.refreshed D.reformed28.A.wires B.buttons C.switches D.batteries29A.obtained B.transformed C.repaired D.fashioned30.A.affordable B.sustainable C.available D.organic31.A.resist B.capture C.measure D.generate32.A.interactedwith B.cooperatedwith C.dealtwith D.agreedwith33.A.curious B.optimistic C.amazed D.sympatric34.A.energetic B.bold C.promising D.innovative35.A.change B.adventure C.danger D.adversity【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.B26.C27.A28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了15歲的巴勒斯坦少年HussamAl-Attar提出了一個(gè)聰明而實(shí)用的解決方案來(lái)解決拉法流離失所者收容所的停電問(wèn)題?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他被稱(chēng)為“加沙的牛頓”，因?yàn)樗岢隽艘粋€(gè)聰明而實(shí)用的解決方案來(lái)解決拉法流離失所者收容所的停電問(wèn)題。A.rewarded獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；B.nicknamed取綽號(hào)；C.awarded授予；D.marked做標(biāo)記。根據(jù)后文“the“NewtonofGaza””指給他取了“加沙的牛頓”這個(gè)綽號(hào)。故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他被稱(chēng)為“加沙的牛頓”，因?yàn)樗岢隽艘粋€(gè)聰明而實(shí)用的解決方案來(lái)解決拉法流離失所者收容所的停電問(wèn)題。A.balance平衡；B.abuse虐待；C.control控制；D.failure失敗，故障；失靈。根據(jù)上文“hecameupwithabrilliantandpractical