浙江省義烏市2024屆高三下學(xué)期5月第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷 含解析

第1頁/共1頁義烏市普通高中2024屆第二次適應(yīng)性考試英語注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhattimearethespeakersmeetingPaul?A.At6:30.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.2.Whatisthewomanexcitedabout?A.Celebratingherbirthday.B.Visitinghersister.C.Gettingadriver’slicense.3.Whoisresponsiblefortheincidentaccordingtotheman?A.Himself.B.Thewoman.C.Peter.4.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman’swords?A.Surprised.B.Uninterested.C.Nervous.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Colleagues.C.Professorandstudent.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthewomanlate?A.Shecouldnotfindtheman’scompany.B.Shewaswaitingforanassistant.C.Shehadtoparkfaraway.7.Whatwillthemandointheafternoon?A.Lockaroom.B.Changealight.C.Conductaninterview.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Planningaschedule.B.Choosingadestination.C.Bookingatrip.9.Howwillthespeakersexplorethecitytoday?A.Bybus.B.Bybike.C.Onfoot.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatdoesTrudysayaboutthebuyer?A.Hewillpaywhattheownerwants.B.Hethinksthehouseneedsrepairs.C.Hewantsonemoretourofthehouse.11.WhatdidTrudytalkaboutwiththebuyer?A.Themovingdate.B.Thedecorationdetails.C.Theavailablefurniture.12WhatwillthemandothisFriday?A.Findanewhouse.B.Signadeal.C.Moveout.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhydoesBarbaradoherresearchsecretly?A.Togainfameasajournalist.B.Togetfirsthandexperience.C.Toavoidinterviewswithpeople.14.HowlongdidBarbaraspenddoinglow-wagejobs?A.Onemonth.B.Threemonths.C.Fourmonths.15WhatdidBarbaradiscoverduringtheresearch?A.Thejobsdidn’trequiremucheffort.B.Thewagescouldn’tcovertherents.C.Theworkers’livesweretough.16.HowdoesBarbaradescribeherbook?A.Informative.B.Profitable.C.Well-structured.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdidarecentstudyrevealaboutgardening?A.Olderpeopletendtodogardening.BGardeningissuitableforallagegroups.C.Moreyoungpeopleenjoygardeningthantheelderly.18.Whatpercentageofparticipantslikebuyinggardeningitems?A.About60%.B.About67%.C.About78%.19.Wheredotheparticipantslikedoinggardeningthemost?A.Inthelivingrooms.B.Onthebalconies.C.Onthekitchenwindows.20.Whatdoesthespeakermentionatlast?A.Thebenefitsofgardening.B.Thekeytogardening.C.Thetypesofgardening.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。AWouldyouliketocometotheRoyalOperaHousetoexperienceincredibleoperaproductionsforonly￡7.50?Students’applicationsfor2024/25arenowopen!Labohème13May202412:30pmApplicationsopenOPERA(ItalianwithEnglishsurtitles)Paris,1900.PennilesswriterRodolfobelievesthatartisallheneeds-untilhemeetsMimi,thelonelyseamstresswholivesupstairs.Sobeginsatimelesslovestorythatblooms,fades,andrekindleswiththepassingseasons.[ContentWarning:thisproductioncontainsloudnoisesandflashinglights]HanselandGretel9January202511:30amApplicationsopenOPERA(Englishwithsurtitles)Thisfamousfairytaleoftwochildrenwhogetlostintheforestandareluredintothehomeofanevilwitchmakesforamagicalexperienceforyou.WillHanselandGretelescapethewitch’sgingerbreadhouseandmanagetoreturnhome?ThisperformanceincludesaspecialEverybodySingattheendoftheproductionwiththecastandorchestra!Carmen11June202511:30amApplicationsopenOPERA(FrenchwithEnglishsurtitles)Carmenisarebelwithapassionatecause-shewantstoliveandloveinherownway.ThoughCarmenwarnsDonJosénottoloveher,hegivesuphisjob,reputation,andgirlfriendforherwithdisastrousconsequences.[ContentWarning:thisproductioncontainsthemesofmoderateviolence]1.WhatdoLabohèmeandCarmenhaveincommon?A.Theyarebothcomedies. B.Theyarebothlovestories.C.TheyarebothsetinFrance. D.Theyareperformedinthesamelanguage.2.WhatsetsHanselandGretelapartfromtheotherperformances?A.Itisadaptedfromabiography. B.Itincludessomeviolentscenes.C.Itallowsaudienceparticipation. D.Itisavailabletoenjoythisyear.3.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Awebsite. C.Abrochure. D.Areview.【答案】1.B2.C3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了將在皇家歌劇院演出的幾個歌劇表演?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Labohème中“Sobeginsatimelesslovestorythatblooms,fades,andrekindleswiththepassingseasons.(一段永恒的愛情故事就這樣開始了，它隨著季節(jié)的流逝而綻放、凋謝、重燃。)”和Carmen中“Carmenisarebelwithapassionatecause-shewantstoliveandloveinherownway.ThoughCarmenwarnsDonJosénottoloveher,hegivesuphisjob,reputation,andgirlfriendforherwithdisastrousconsequences.(卡門是一個充滿激情的叛逆者——她想以自己的方式生活和愛。雖然卡門警告唐·約瑟夫不要愛她，但他還是為了她放棄了工作、名譽和女朋友，結(jié)果卻帶來了災(zāi)難性的后果。)”可知，它們都是愛情故事。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HanselandGretel中“ThisperformanceincludesaspecialEverybodySingattheendoftheproductionwiththecastandorchestra!(這次演出包括在演出結(jié)束時與演員和管弦樂隊一起特別演唱的‘大家一起唱’！)”并結(jié)合其他表演可知，允許觀眾參與讓HanselandGretel與其他表演不同。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“WouldyouliketocometotheRoyalOperaHousetoexperienceincredibleoperaproductionsforonly￡7.50?Students’applicationsfor2024/25arenowopen!(你愿意只花7.5英鎊就去皇家歌劇院欣賞令人難以置信的歌劇嗎？學(xué)生2014/25學(xué)年的申請現(xiàn)已開放!)”可知，這是一則廣告，介紹了將在皇家歌劇院演出的幾個歌劇表演，學(xué)生可以預(yù)約申請觀看。結(jié)合其他選項可知，本文應(yīng)該來自于網(wǎng)站。故選B項。BLastnight,ItoldmyArgentinianfriendthatIhadbeenusingLangAItopracticemySpanish.Itcannotonlycorrectmyerrors,Itoldhim,butalsogivemedifferentregionalexpressionsinthelanguage,includingMexicanSpanish,ArgentinianSpanish,andSpanglish.And,unlikewhenIamchattingwithhimonWhatsApp,Idonothavetofactorintimezonedifferences.Myfriendseemedlessexcited.“So,you’vereplacedme?”hejoked.Ihaven’t,ofcourse.TheconvenienceandwidthofanAIchatbotcan’tcompetewiththepleasuresofchattingwithsomeonewhosepersonalityIhavelearnedoverthecourseofyears.Itis,however,ausefulsupplement.LangAI,onespecificlanguage-learningchatbot,waslaunchedinMarchbyFedericoRuizCassarino.HedrewonhisownexperiencesoflearningEnglishaftermovingfromUruguaytoBritain.Manypeoplegetself-consciousaboutmakingmistakesinalanguagetheybarelyspeak,eventoatutor,RuizCassarinonotes.Butachatbotwon’tjudgeyou.AndthenewwaveofgenerativeAIissoadvancedthatratherthansticktoboringpre-scripted（照本宣科的）role-plays,“youcanspeakaboutthingsthatareinterestingtoyou,whichmakesitfeellikenotasmuchofachoretolearn.”Tothisend,theteamcustomizedLangAI’sinterfacetomatchusers’vocabularylevels,addedtheabilitytomakecorrectionsduringaconversation,andenabledtheconversionofspeechtotext.AI-poweredlanguagelearningappshaveweaknesses.UsersarereportingthatchatbotsarequitecompetentinwidelyspokenEuropeanlanguages,butthequalitysubstantiallyworsensforlanguagesthatarelessrepresentedonlineorthathavedifferentwritingsystems.Evenincommonlanguages,thechatbotsmakeerrors,sometimesinventingwords.Thismaynotbotheradvancedlearnersmuch,butwiththesechatbotsdeliveringtextsoconfidently,itwouldbeeasyforarelativelynewlearnertotakewhattheysayascorrect.4.WhatadvantagesdoesAIhaveovermyfriend?A.Fixeveryerrorinconversations. B.Displaydifferencesinlanguages.C.Provideenjoyableconversations. D.Offerround-the-clockassistance.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2referto?A.Thecourseofyears. B.PracticesonLangAI.C.ChatsonWhatsApp. D.Thepleasuresofchatting.6.WhyisCassarino’slanguagelearningexperiencementioned?A.TohighlighttheinspirationbehindLangAI’screation.B.Toillustratethechallengesfacedbylanguagelearners.C.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweendifferentlanguages.D.ToshowLangAI’semphasisonpersonalizedexperiences7.WhatcanLangAIdotosupportlanguagelearners?A.Scoringusers’performanceinconversations.B.Generatingspeechaccordingtothegiventext.C.Creatingnewwordsbytherulesofwordformation.D.Providingdialoguesbasedonusers’languageproficiency.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章通過講述LangAI的使用情況，說明了使用LangAI練習(xí)語言的優(yōu)點和不足。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“And,unlikewhenIamchattingwithhimonWhatsApp,Idonothavetofactorintimezonedifferences.(而且，與我在WhatsApp上與他聊天時不同，我不需要考慮時區(qū)差異的因素。)”可知，AI的優(yōu)勢是可以提供全天候幫助。故選D項?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句前文“TheconvenienceandwidthofanAIchatbotcan’tcompetewiththepleasuresofchattingwithsomeonewhosepersonalityIhavelearnedoverthecourseofyears.(人工智能聊天機器人的便利性和廣度無法和與我多年來了解的人聊天的樂趣相比。)”描述了使用人工智能聊天機器人練習(xí)語言的特點，從而推知劃線詞句“Itis,however,ausefulsupplement.(然而，It是一種有用的補充。)”其中劃線代詞指代的是“使用LangAI練習(xí)語言”。故選B項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“LangAI,onespecificlanguage-learningchatbot,waslaunchedinMarchbyFedericoRuizCassarino.HedrewonhisownexperiencesoflearningEnglishaftermovingfromUruguaytoBritain.(今年3月，F(xiàn)edericoRuizCassarino推出了一款專門學(xué)習(xí)語言的聊天機器人LangAI。他借鑒了自己從烏拉圭搬到英國后學(xué)習(xí)英語的經(jīng)歷。)”可知，提到Cassarino的語言學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷是為了突出LangAI創(chuàng)作背后的靈感。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Tothisend,theteamcustomizedLangAI’sinterfacetomatchusers’vocabularylevels,addedtheabilitytomakecorrectionsduringaconversation,andenabledtheconversionofspeechtotext.(為此，該團隊定制了LangAI的界面，以匹配用戶的詞匯量水平，增加了在對話中進行更正的能力，并實現(xiàn)了語音到文本的轉(zhuǎn)換。)”可知，LangAI能根據(jù)用戶的語言水平提供對話來支持語言學(xué)習(xí)者。故選D項。CThecorneatenaroundtheworldtodayoriginatedinMexiconearly10,000yearsago.FromtheancientritualsoftheMayanstomodern-daydishesliketortillas,corniscentraltoculture,cuisine,andidentityinthisregion.Toprotectthisheritage,Mexicoisfightingtophaseoutgeneticallymodified(GM)U.S.—growncornthisyear.TheMexicangovernmentclaimsthatbanningGMcornwillprotectthecountry’snativecornvarieties.YettheannouncementarousedstrongobjectionsfromtheU.S.,whoselargestannualcustomerforGMcornisoftenMexico.TheU.S.claimsthattheGMbanbreaksthetradeagreementbetweenthetwocountries.MexicoinsiststhatmodifiedseedsthreatenMexico’sagriculturaltraditionsandculturalidentity.IntheU.S.,mostcornisgrownwithseedproducedbylargecompanies,whichcreatejustahandfulofgeneticallyidenticalcornvarietiesgrownatmassscale.InMexico,however,seedscomefromseed-sharingpracticesamongsmall-scalefarms,whichfacilitatesmorediversityandallowsfarmerstogrowcornthatrangeswidelyincolorandsize.“Traditionalvarietiesmaintainasubstantialamountofgeneticdiversity,”saysJeffreyRoss-Ibarra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,buthedoesn’tthinkbanningGMcornwillhelppreservethesevarieties,andpointstoadeclineinsmall-scalefarmsasthegreaterthreattonativecorn.“Iftraditionalfarmersabandonsubsistencefarming,we’repotentiallylosingdiversitywhetherthatcropisGMortraditionallybred,soeconomicpolicyhasamuchbiggerimpactontheriskofcorndiversitythananadoptionofGMcorn.”SinceMexicobeganimportingU.S.corn,small-scalefarmshavebeendeclining.MauricioBellon,aresearchprofessorattheSwettCenterforSustainableFoodsSystems,believesthatwhilethreatenedspeciesareoftenstoredingenebanks,therelationshipbetweenafarmerandtheircropplaysacrucialconservationrole.“EvolutionatscalecontinueswithcorninMexicothroughmillionsoffarmers,”sayshim.8.WhyisMexicoprohibitingGMcorn?A.Tosafeguarditsowntypesofcorn. B.Toreducethecostofimportingcorn.C.TogetridofthedependenceontheUS. D.Tostopthedecreaseofsmall-scalefarms.9.WhatisdifferentincornproductionpracticesbetweentheUSandMexicofromparagraph3?A.Thetechnologyoffarming. B.Thesourceofcornseeds.C.Theownershipoffarmland. D.Therelationshipbetweenfarmers.10.What’sJefferey’sattitudetowardtheMexicangovernment’sclaim?A.Approval. B.Concerned. C.Critical. D.Tolerant.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.GMcornhasnegativeeffectsontraditionalfarms.B.Endangeredspeciesarewellpreservedingenebanks.C.SpeciesdiversitycontributestotheevolutionofspeciesD.Traditionalfarmingpracticeshelpinpreservingcornvarieties.【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了墨西哥政府禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米保護本國的本土玉米品種的政策以及研究人員的不同看法。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheMexicangovernmentclaimsthatbanningGMcornwillprotectthecountry’snativecornvarieties.(墨西哥政府聲稱，禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米將保護該國的本土玉米品種。)”可知，墨西哥禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米是為了保護自己的玉米品種。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“IntheU.S.,mostcornisgrownwithseedproducedbylargecompanies,whichcreatejustahandfulofgeneticallyidenticalcornvarietiesgrownatmassscale.InMexico,however,seedscomefromseed-sharingpracticesamongsmall-scalefarms,whichfacilitatesmorediversityandallowsfarmerstogrowcornthatrangeswidelyincolorandsize.(在美國，大多數(shù)玉米都是用大公司生產(chǎn)的種子種植的，這些大公司只生產(chǎn)少量大規(guī)模種植的基因相同的玉米品種。然而，在墨西哥，種子來自小規(guī)模農(nóng)場之間的種子共享做法，這促進了更多的多樣性，并允許農(nóng)民種植顏色和大小各異的玉米。)”可知，在美國和墨西哥的玉米生產(chǎn)實踐中，玉米種子的來源不同。故選B項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“‘Traditionalvarietiesmaintainasubstantialamountofgeneticdiversity,’saysJeffreyRoss-Ibarra,anecologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,buthedoesn’tthinkbanningGMcornwillhelppreservethesevarieties,andpointstoadeclineinsmall-scalefarmsasthegreaterthreattonativecorn.(‘傳統(tǒng)品種保持了大量的遺傳多樣性，’加州大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家JeffreyRoss-Ibarra說，但他不認(rèn)為禁止轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米將有助于保護這些品種，并指出小規(guī)模農(nóng)場的退化是對本地玉米的更大威脅。)”以及“Iftraditionalfarmersabandonsubsistencefarming,we’repotentiallylosingdiversitywhetherthatcropisGMortraditionallybred,soeconomicpolicyhasamuchbiggerimpactontheriskofcorndiversitythananadoptionofGMcorn.(如果傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)民放棄自給自足的農(nóng)業(yè)，我們可能會失去多樣性，無論這種作物是轉(zhuǎn)基因還是傳統(tǒng)育種，因此經(jīng)濟政策對玉米多樣性風(fēng)險的影響要比采用轉(zhuǎn)基因玉米大得多。)”可知，Jeffrey對墨西哥政府的聲明持批評態(tài)度。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“MauricioBellon,aresearchprofessorattheSwettCenterforSustainableFoodsSystems,believesthatwhilethreatenedspeciesareoftenstoredingenebanks,therelationshipbetweenafarmerandtheircropplaysacrucialconservationrole.“EvolutionatscalecontinueswithcorninMexicothroughmillionsoffarmers,”sayshe.(斯威特可持續(xù)食品系統(tǒng)中心的研究教授MauricioBellon認(rèn)為，雖然瀕危物種通常被儲存在基因庫中，但農(nóng)民與作物之間的關(guān)系在保護中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。他說：‘墨西哥數(shù)以百萬計的農(nóng)民種植玉米，大規(guī)模的進化仍在繼續(xù)?！?”可知，傳統(tǒng)的耕作方式有助于保存玉米品種。故選D項。DThecolorfulanemonefish(?？~),alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfulandcarefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththefamily-friendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainstotheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.Toinvestigatehowthesefishidentifygroupmembers,ateamfromJapanconductedtwoexperimentswithlab-raisedcommonclownfishthathadneverencounteredanyotherspecies.Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.Theyobservedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecific-targetedfishforuptothreeseconds.Incontrast,invadersfromotherspecies,liketheorangeskunkclownfishwithnosidebarsandawhitelinealongitsback,werebarelyattacked.Thetwo-barredClarke’sclownfishandthree-barredsaddlebackclownfishwere“mildlybullied”,accordingtotheteam.Duringthesecondexperiment,theresearchersexposedacolonyofclownfishtovariousplasticdiscs.Thediscswerepaintedwithanemonefishcolorationandmeasuredthelevelofaggressiontowardstheseartificialmodels.Similartoreactionstolivefish,modelswithtwobarswerelessfrequentlyattacked,andthosewithoutanybarssawtheleastaggression.Accordingtostudyco-authorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings“suggestthatclownfishiscapableofcountingthenumberofbarstorecognizethespeciesoftheinvader”.Theteamalsofoundthatarigidhierarchy(社會等級)withinclownfishcoloniesdetermineswhichspecificfishattacktheinvader.Earlierstudieshaveshownthatthesocialpositionoftheclownfishisdeterminedbyveryslightdifferencesinsize.Thisstudyusedfishthathadnotmaturedandwereinalabsetting,buttheteamstillobservedthesamesize-basedhierarchy.Thelargestclownfishledthechargeagainsttheinvader.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hostile”meaninthethirdparagraph?A.Unfriendly. B.Tolerant. C.Patient. D.Sympathetic.13.Howisthestudyconducted?A.Byintroducinganewconcept. B.Bycomparingdifferentclownfish.C.Byobservingclownfish’behaviors. D.Byanalyzingstatisticsofpreviousstudies.14.Whatisthefindingofthetwoexperiments?A.Clownfishcan’treachmaturityinalabsetting.B.Skunkclownfishisthemostmodestclownfish.C.Thesocialpositionofaclownfishdependsonitssize.D.Clownfishidentifythreatsbythenumberofverticalbars.15.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BarredandBullied:AttacksfromAnemonefish.B.ClownfishandConflicts:StrictSocialHierarchies.C.BeyondtheScreen:TheidentificationofClownfish.D.FromLabtoTank:AggressionAmongAnemonefish.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹一項研究，表明電影中描繪的家族友好型小丑魚并不總是那么友好，它們也會積極地攻擊它們認(rèn)為是威脅的其他小丑魚。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。第三段劃線詞句后文“Thesefishfought80percentoftheirspecific-targetedfishforuptothreeseconds.(這些魚與80%的特定目標(biāo)魚搏斗長達(dá)3秒。)”說明這些魚對特定目標(biāo)魚不友好，從而推知劃線詞句“Theyobservedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.(他們觀察到，普通的小丑魚對自己物種中表現(xiàn)出三條白色條紋的成員尤其hostile。)”其中劃線部分意思是“不友好，有敵意”。故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inthefirstexperiment,researchersintroduceddifferentspeciesofanemonefish,distinguishablebythenumberofwhitebarsontheirbodies,intoatankinsmallcases.Theyobservedthatthecommonclownfishwereparticularlyhostiletowardmembersoftheirownspeciesthatdisplayedthreewhitebars.(在第一個實驗中，研究人員將不同種類的?？~，通過它們身體上白色條紋的數(shù)量來區(qū)分，放進一個小箱子里。他們觀察到，普通的小丑魚對自己物種中表現(xiàn)出三條白色條紋的成員尤其hostile。)”等內(nèi)容可知，這項研究是通過觀察魚的行為進行的。故選C項。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Accordingtostudyco-authorandecologistKinaHayashi,thefindings‘suggestthatclownfishiscapableofcountingthenumberofbarstorecognizethespeciesoftheinvader’.(根據(jù)該研究的合著者、生態(tài)學(xué)家KinaHayashi的說法，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)‘表明小丑魚能夠通過計算條紋的數(shù)量來識別入侵者的種類’。)”可知，這兩個實驗的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)小丑魚通過條紋的數(shù)量來識別威脅。故選D項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Thecolorfulanemonefish(?？~),alsoknownasclownfish,possessesacheerfulandcarefreeimageamonghumans.However,theiractualbehaviormightnotalwaysalignwiththefamily-friendlyportrayalseeninaPixarfilm.Theycanaggressivelydefendtheirterritoryagainstotheranemonefishtheyperceiveasthreats.(五顏六色的?？~，也被稱為小丑魚，在人類中有著歡快和無憂無慮的形象。然而，他們的實際行為可能并不總是與皮克斯電影中對家族友好的描繪相符。它們可以積極地保護自己的領(lǐng)土，不受它們認(rèn)為是威脅的其他?？~的攻擊。)”可知，本文主要講述了電影中描繪的家族友好型小丑魚并不總是那么友好，它們也會積極地攻擊它們認(rèn)為是威脅的其他小丑魚。C“屏幕之外：小丑魚的鑒定”符合主題，故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Iamalwaysconfusedwhenreadingstatementslike“PrincetonUniversityisthenumberonecollegeintheUnitedStates.”ArethosewhoattendPrincetoninherentlybrighterthantheirpeers?____16____OrisPrincetonthebestacrossallacademicsubjectsoverall?Ididn’tcareaboutcollegerankingsforyearsuntilIrecentlysawsomethingdifferent.ThispastOctober,ShanghaiRankingConsultancyunveiledtheGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects2023,whichassessesuniversitiesworldwideacross55subjectsinfivedisciplines.____17____Andthismakesiteasierforprospectivestudentstochoosethebestcollegefortheirspecificsubject.____18____WhenIdelveddeeperintothemethodologybehindtheserankings,Idiscoveredacomplexwebofcriteria,includingacademicreputation,researchoutput,andinternationalcollaboration.____19____However,theydonotcapturetheentiretyofthecollegeexperience.Factorslikecampusculture,extracurricularopportunities,andfaculty-studentinteractionscanprofoundlyshapeyourundergraduateyears,yettheyoftenremainunquantifiableinrankingsystems.____20____Whatmaybetheidealenvironmentforonestudentpursuingengineeringmightnotsuitanotherstudyingliterature.It’scrucialtoconsideryourpersonalpreferences,careeraspirations,andlearningstylewhenevaluatingpotentialcolleges.Whileprestigiousuniversitiesmayofferunparalleledresourcesandnetworkingopportunities,asmaller,lesser-knowncollegemightprovideamorenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentforyourindividualgrowthanddevelopment.Ultimately,thebestcollegeforyouistheonethatalignswithyourvalues,ambitions,andvisionforthefuture.A.Thevalueofauniversityeducationgoesbeyonditsranking.B.IsPrincetonthemostbeautifulcampusallaroundtheworld?C.IsPrincetonabletoproducemoregeniusesupongraduation?D.Thatbeingsaid,howmuchweightshouldbegiventotheserankings?E.Actually,theconceptofa“best”collegeissubjectiveandcontext-dependent.F.Thesemeasuresprovidevaluableinsightsintotheacademicstrengthofuniversities.G.Itissaidtoemployamorein-depthapproachtoevaluatetheperformanceofuniversities.【答案】16.C17.G18.D19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者談?wù)摿藢τ诖髮W(xué)排名的質(zhì)疑?！?6題詳解】上文“Iamalwaysconfusedwhenreadingstatementslike‘PrincetonUniversityisthenumberonecollegeintheUnitedStates.’ArethosewhoattendPrincetoninherentlybrighterthantheirpeers?(當(dāng)我讀到‘普林斯頓大學(xué)是美國第一大學(xué)’這樣的說法時，我總是很困惑。普林斯頓的學(xué)生天生就比同齡人聰明嗎？)”及下文“OrisPrincetonthebestacrossallacademicsubjectsoverall?(還是普林斯頓大學(xué)在所有學(xué)科上都是最好的？)”說明作者對‘普林斯頓大學(xué)是美國第一大學(xué)’這樣的說法表示質(zhì)疑，所以一連問了一系列的問題，選項C“普林斯頓大學(xué)能在畢業(yè)后培養(yǎng)出更多的天才嗎?”是對此質(zhì)疑的問題中的一個。故選C項?！?7題詳解】上文“ThispastOctober,ShanghaiRankingConsultancyunveiledtheGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects2023,whichassessesuniversitiesworldwideacross55subjectsinfivedisciplines.(去年10月，上海排名咨詢公司發(fā)布了《2023年全球?qū)W科排名》，該排名對全球5個學(xué)科的55個學(xué)科進行了評估。)”說明某公司對大學(xué)進行了評估，選項G“據(jù)說要采用一種更深入的方法來評估大學(xué)的表現(xiàn)?！背薪由衔?，說明據(jù)說評估的方法更深入。故選G項?！?8題詳解】上文“Andthismakesiteasierforprospectivestudentstochoosethebestcollegefortheirspecificsubject.(這使得未來的學(xué)生更容易為他們的特定專業(yè)選擇最好的大學(xué)。)”說明有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)排名使未來的學(xué)生更容易為他們的特定專業(yè)選擇最好的大學(xué)，選項D“話雖如此，這些排名應(yīng)該給予多少權(quán)重?”承接上文，作者對這些排名到底占多少權(quán)重進行質(zhì)疑。故選D項。【19題詳解】上文“WhenIdelveddeeperintothemethodologybehindtheserankings,Idiscoveredacomplexwebofcriteria,includingacademicreputation,researchoutput,andinternationalcollaboration.(當(dāng)我深入研究這些排名背后的方法時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個復(fù)雜的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括學(xué)術(shù)聲譽、研究成果和國際合作。)”說明排名的方法有復(fù)雜的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括許多方面，選項F“這些衡量提供了對大學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)實力的有價值的見解?！背薪由衔?，說明這些排名對衡量大學(xué)有一定的意義。故選F項?！?0題詳解】下文“Whatmaybetheidealenvironmentforonestudentpursuingengineeringmightnotsuitanotherstudyingliterature.It’scrucialtoconsideryourpersonalpreferences,careeraspirations,andlearningstylewhenevaluatingpotentialcolleges.Whileprestigiousuniversitiesmayofferunparalleledresourcesandnetworkingopportunities,asmaller,lesser-knowncollegemightprovideamorenurturingandsupportiveenvironmentforyourindividualgrowthanddevelopment.Ultimately,thebestcollegeforyouistheonethatalignswithyourvalues,ambitions,andvisionforthefuture.(對于一個學(xué)習(xí)工程學(xué)的學(xué)生來說，理想的環(huán)境可能不適合另一個學(xué)習(xí)文學(xué)的學(xué)生。在評估潛在的大學(xué)時，考慮你的個人偏好、職業(yè)抱負(fù)和學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格是至關(guān)重要的。雖然名牌大學(xué)可能會提供無與倫比的資源和社交機會，但一所規(guī)模較小、知名度較低的大學(xué)可能會為你的個人成長和發(fā)展提供更多的培育和支持環(huán)境。最終，最適合你的大學(xué)是一所符合你的價值觀、抱負(fù)和未來愿景的大學(xué)。)”說明“最好”的大學(xué)概念并不是客觀的，要具體情況具體分析，選項E“實際上，‘最好’大學(xué)的概念是主觀的，并且取決于具體情況?！备爬ū径沃黝}，是本段主題句。故選E項。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。IntheheartofGaza,a15-year-oldPalestinianteen,HussamAl-Attar,hasbecomeabeaconofhope.Hehasbeen____21____the’NewtonofGaza’becausehecameupwithabrilliantandpracticalsolutiontoaddressthepower____22____issueindisplacementsheltersinRafah.Equippedwith____23____basictools,Hussamgeneratedelectricitytoilluminatethedarkshelters.The____24____behindhissolutionwassimple-hewantedto____25____thelonelinessandfearhistwinnephewsexperiencedinthedarktent.Despitethe____26____ofresources,Hussammanagedtocreatefansthatgenerateelectricity.Firstly,he____27____componentsfromdamagedelectronicdevices,gatheringessentialelementsforhispowergenerators.Thesecomponentshaveincludedcoils,___28___,andmagnets.Next,Hussam____29____asimpleyeteffectiveturbine(渦輪)usinglocally____30____materials.Theturbine’sblades(葉片)wereconstructedfromlightweightbutstrongmaterialsto____31____theforceofthewind.Asthewind___32___theseblades,itactivatedtheturbine.Withdreamsofbecominganinventor,Hussamremains____33____aboutlife’spossibilitiesdespitePalestine’schallenges.Healsonotesthattherearemany____34____teenslikehiminGaza.Asthe’NewtonofGaza,’HussamAl-Attarisnotjustbrighteningshelters;heislightingthewayforabrighterfutureinthefaceof____35____21.A.rewarded B.nicknamed C.awarded D.marked22.A.balance B.abuse C.control D.failure23.A.nearly B.almost C.only D.much24.A.instruction B.situation C.motivation D.explanation25.A.overcome B.ease C.release D.escape26.A.supply B.waste C.shortage D.distribution27.A.recycled B.restored C.refreshed D.reformed28.A.wires B.buttons C.switches D.batteries29A.obtained B.transformed C.repaired D.fashioned30.A.affordable B.sustainable C.available D.organic31.A.resist B.capture C.measure D.generate32.A.interactedwith B.cooperatedwith C.dealtwith D.agreedwith33.A.curious B.optimistic C.amazed D.sympatric34.A.energetic B.bold C.promising D.innovative35.A.change B.adventure C.danger D.adversity【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.C25.B26.C27.A28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了15歲的巴勒斯坦少年HussamAl-Attar提出了一個聰明而實用的解決方案來解決拉法流離失所者收容所的停電問題?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他被稱為“加沙的牛頓”，因為他提出了一個聰明而實用的解決方案來解決拉法流離失所者收容所的停電問題。A.rewarded獎勵；B.nicknamed取綽號；C.awarded授予；D.marked做標(biāo)記。根據(jù)后文“the“NewtonofGaza””指給他取了“加沙的牛頓”這個綽號。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他被稱為“加沙的牛頓”，因為他提出了一個聰明而實用的解決方案來解決拉法流離失所者收容所的停電問題。A.balance平衡；B.abuse虐待；C.control控制；D.failure失敗，故障；失靈。根據(jù)上文“hecameupwithabrilliantandpractical