牛津書(shū)蟲(chóng)系列1-6級(jí) 雙語(yǔ) 2A-01.威廉·莎士比亞中英對(duì)照

WillIamShakespeare1Tobyremembers1托比的回憶MynameisToby．I'manoldman，eighty-threethisspring．MyhouseisrightinthemiddleofStratford-upon-Avon，andIcanwatchthestreetmarketfrommywindow．ButIliveveryquietlynow．I'mjustanoldman，sittinginachair．我叫托比，一位年邁的老人，今年春天年過(guò)83歲。家住艾汶河畔斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)中心，透過(guò)窗戶，便可以望到街道的鬧市。我的生活平和寧?kù)o，畢竟我已是一位要在輪椅上安度晚年的老頭子了。IonceknewthegreatestmaninEngland．ForthirtyyearsIwashisfriend．Iworkedwithhiminthetheatre，throughthegoodtimesandthebadtime．Hewasagoodfriendtome．Hewasalsothebestplaywright，thebestpoet，thateverlivedinEngland．WillShakespearewashisname．我曾認(rèn)識(shí)英國(guó)的一位最偉大的人物。我與他相交30年，同在劇團(tuán)工作，也共同度過(guò)人生中歡樂(lè)與艱辛的歲月。他是我的好友，也是英國(guó)有史以來(lái)最優(yōu)秀的劇作家，最杰出的詩(shī)人。他就是威爾·莎士比亞。Isawallhisplaysinthetheatre．Peoplelovedthem．Theyshouted，laughedandcried，ateoranges，andcalledformore．Allkindsofpeople．Kings，Queens，Princes，greatlordsandladies，poorpeople，theboyswhoheldthehorses…everyone．WillShakespearecouldpleasethemall．我看過(guò)他所有上演的戲劇。這些戲劇頗受歡迎，也一度令觀眾狂喜大悲，不過(guò)他們都希望能看到他更多的戲劇。形形色色的人，上自國(guó)王、王后、王子和豪富名女，下至貧苦百姓和牽馬的腳夫……所有的人，威爾·莎士比亞都能令他們開(kāi)心歡娛。Heputmeinaplayonce．Well，heusedmyname-Toby．TwelfthNightwastheplay，Iremember．SirTobyBelch．Hewasabigfatman，wholikeddrinkingtoomuchandhavingagoodtime．QueenElizabeththeFirstwatchedthatplay-onTwelfthNight，the6thofJanuary，1601．Shelikedit，too．他曾將我寫(xiě)進(jìn)劇本，劇中用了我的原名——托比。我記得劇名為《第十二夜》，劇中的托比·培爾契爵士又大又胖而且喜歡酗酒行樂(lè)。女王伊麗莎白一世于1601年1月6號(hào)觀Will'sdeadnow，ofcourse．He'sbeendeadmorethanthirtyyears，andnooneseeshisplaysnow．ThePuritanshaveclosedallthetheatres．There'snosinging，no第1頁(yè)共41頁(yè) dancing，noplays．Itwasn'tlikethatinmyyoungdays．WehadagoodtimeinWillandI當(dāng)然威爾現(xiàn)在已不在人世，他過(guò)世都30多年了，如今沒(méi)有人能看到他的戲。自從清教徒關(guān)閉了所有的劇院，就不再有歌聲、舞蹈和戲劇了。如今的情形同我年輕時(shí)與威爾在倫敦度過(guò)的快樂(lè)時(shí)光相比已經(jīng)大不一樣了。I'venoteethnow，andmyhairhasallfallenout，butIcanstillthink—andremember．IrememberwhenWillandIwereyoung，justboysreally…現(xiàn)在雖然我一副老態(tài)，沒(méi)有牙齒，頭發(fā)也掉光了，但我還能思考——還能回憶，我記得威爾和我年輕的時(shí)候，還是孩子的時(shí)候……2Stratford-upon-Avon2艾汶河畔的斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)ItwasasunnydayinOctober1579whenIfirstmetWill，justoutsideStratford，nearabigfieldofappletrees．Isawaboyupinoneofthetrees．Hehadredhairandlookedabouttwoyearsolderthanme．我第一次遇見(jiàn)威爾是在1579年10月的一天。那天，陽(yáng)光明媚，就在斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)外一座大蘋(píng)果園附近，我看見(jiàn)有棵蘋(píng)果樹(shù)上坐著一位小男孩，長(zhǎng)著紅棕色頭發(fā)，看模樣大概大我兩歲。ngupthereIcalled“你在上邊干什么？”我叫道?！甌hoseareFarmerNash'sapples，Isaid，‘a(chǎn)ndhe'llsendhisdogsafteryouifhesees“那可是納什農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的蘋(píng)果，”我說(shuō)，“如果他發(fā)現(xiàn)了，就要放狗咬你的?！薄甅rNashhasgonetomarket，’theboysaid．‘Comeon！They'regoodapples．’ThenextminuteIwasupthetreewithhim．ButWillwaswrong．FarmerNashwasn't第2頁(yè)共41頁(yè) atthemarket，andafewminuteslaterwesawhisangryredfaceabovethewallonthefarsideofthefield．端墻頭露出一張氣得發(fā)紅的臉。WillandIranlikethewindandonlystoppedwhenwereachedtheriver．Wesatdowntoeatourapples．威爾和我見(jiàn)勢(shì)撒腿就跑，一口氣跑到河邊才坐下來(lái)吃蘋(píng)果。Willwasfifteen，andlivedinHenleyStreet，hetoldme．HisfatherwasJohnShakespeare，andhehadasister，Joan，andtwoyoungerbrothers，GilbertandRichard．Therewasanothersisterwhodied，Ilearntlater．Andthenextyearhehadanotherbrother，littleEdmund—thebabyofthefamily．吉爾伯特和理查。我后來(lái)聽(tīng)說(shuō)他另有一位姐姐死了。第二年他又添了一個(gè)弟弟——威爾家的赤子小埃德蒙?！澳敲茨隳兀俊彼麊?wèn)道?！甌here'sonlymeandmysister，’Isaid．‘Myparentsaredead，andwelivewithmymother'sbrother：He'sashoe-makerinElyStreetandIworkforhim．Whatdoyou我為他打工。你現(xiàn)在干什么？”‘IgotoMrJenkins'schoolinChurchStreet，’Willsaid．‘Everyday，fromseveno'clockuntilfiveo'clock．NotSundays，ofcourse．’當(dāng)然不包括星期天。”‘Sometimes．Usuallyit'sallright．’Helaybackandputhishandsbehindhishead．‘ButwehavetoreadandlearnalltheseLatinwriters．IwanttoreadmodernglishwriterslikeGeoffreyChaucerCanyoureadheasked“在學(xué)校，我們不得不學(xué)習(xí)所有那些拉丁作家的作品?？晌抑幌腴喿x現(xiàn)代作家和英國(guó)作家的作品，比如杰弗利·喬叟。你會(huì)看書(shū)嗎？”他問(wèn)道。第3頁(yè)共41頁(yè) “當(dāng)然會(huì)啦！”我說(shuō)，“我上過(guò)學(xué)?！盬illsatupandbegantoeatanotherappleIwanttobeawriterhesaid．‘Apoet．Iwantthatmorethananythingintheworld．’這更令我神往的?！盬ewerefriendsfromthatday，untilthedayhedied．Wemetnearlyeveryday，andhetaughtmealotaboutbooksandpoetryandwriters．Healwayshadhisnoseinabook．自那天起我們就成了莫逆之交，直到他過(guò)世。我們幾乎每天見(jiàn)面，他教了我許多書(shū)本和文學(xué)上的知識(shí)。他總是埋頭博覽群書(shū)。WhenWillleftschool，heworkedforhisfatherinHenleyStreet．JohnShakespearewasaglove-maker，andhehadotherbusinesstoo，likebuyingandsellingsheep．ButWillwasn'tinterested．威爾離開(kāi)學(xué)校后就在亨里街幫助父親料理生意。約翰·莎士比亞是一位手套工匠，同時(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)其他生意，如羊的買賣生意。但威爾對(duì)做生意卻不感興趣?！甒hatarewegoingtodo，Toby？’hesaidtomeoneday．‘Wecan'tspendallourlivesmakingshoesandgloves！’吧！”wecouldrunawaytoseaandbesailorsSailroundtheworld，likeFrancisDrake．“對(duì)呀，”我說(shuō)，“我們跑到海上當(dāng)海員會(huì)，像弗朗西斯·杜雷克一樣環(huán)繞地球航行?！盌rakesailedbacktoPlymouthin1581，afterhisthree-yearjourneyroundtheworld，butwewerestillinStratford．Wemadelotsofplans，butnothingevercameofthem．杜雷克在環(huán)繞地球航行三年后于1581年回到普利茅斯，可我們還是呆在斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)。盡管也制定了種種計(jì)劃，但始終未付諸行動(dòng)。Willwasstillreadingalotandhewasalreadywritingpoemshimself．Hesometimesshowedthemtome，andIsaidtheywereverygood．Ididn'treallyknowanythingaboutpoetrythen，buthewasmyfriend．這段時(shí)間威爾依然博覽群書(shū)并開(kāi)始自己寫(xiě)詩(shī)，偶爾給我看他寫(xiě)的詩(shī)。雖然嘴上我都說(shuō)第4頁(yè)共41頁(yè) 他的詩(shī)寫(xiě)得好，實(shí)際上我對(duì)詩(shī)歌是一竅不通。只不過(guò)他是我的好友我才這么說(shuō)而已。ingIvegotsomuchtolearnTobyhesaid．‘Somuchtolearn．’PoorWill．Hehadalottolearnaboutwomen，too．OnedayinOctober1582hecametomyhousewithalongface．可憐的威爾。他還得學(xué)會(huì)了解每個(gè)人。1582年10月的一天他來(lái)到我的住處，神情沉郁?！拔矣肋h(yuǎn)不能離開(kāi)斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)了?！彼f(shuō)。WhynotIaskedWellgetawayonedayYoullsee’‘Perhapsyouwill，’hesaid，‘butI'mgoingtobemarriedinafewweeks'time．ToAnneHathaway．’“或許你還行，”他說(shuō)，“但過(guò)幾個(gè)星期我就要結(jié)婚了。同安·哈瑟維結(jié)婚。”Mymouthfellopenandstayedopen．‘Married！ToAnneHathaway？IsthattheHathawaysoveratShottery？’的女兒？”‘Yes，’Willsaid．Iwasworkingonsomeshoesonthetable，andWillpickedoneupandlookedatit．“沒(méi)錯(cuò)，”威爾說(shuō)。當(dāng)時(shí)我在做鞋，威爾拿起桌上一支鞋，看看。but，Will，she'stwenty-sixandyou'reonlyeighteen！’“我知道，”威爾說(shuō)，“但是我非娶她不行。”第5頁(yè)共41頁(yè) ”‘That'sright，’saidWill．‘Inaboutsixmonths'timeI'mgoingtobeafather．’3Theactorscometotown3演員來(lái)到鎮(zhèn)上WillmarriedAnneHathawayinNovember，andshecametoliveinHenleyStreet．JohnShakespearewaspleasedthathisoldestsonwasmarried，butIdon'tthinkWill'smotherwantedhimtomarrysoyoung．Familiescostalotofmoney，andJohnShakespearewashavingalotofmoneytroublesinthosedays．TimeswerehardinHenleyStreet．瑟維結(jié)婚了，安就住進(jìn)了亨里街。約翰·莎士比亞見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)子成家心里很高興，可我覺(jué)得威爾的母親并不想他這么早就結(jié)婚。結(jié)婚花了家里不少錢(qián)，再加上約翰·莎士比亞那段時(shí)間財(cái)運(yùn)不濟(jì)，這樣一來(lái)，日子過(guò)得有點(diǎn)艱難。SusannawasbornthenextMay．Allbabieslookthesametome，butWillwasverypleasedwithher．次年5月女兒蘇珊娜出世。對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，所有的孩子沒(méi)什么不一樣，但威爾欣喜若狂。yeshesaidhappilyShesgoingtobeasbeautifulastheQueenofEgypt，andascleverasKingSolomon．’‘Ohyes？’Isaid．‘Allparentstalklikethatabouttheirchildren．Idon'tbelieveawordofit．’“是嗎？”我說(shuō)，“所有父母都是這么說(shuō)自己的孩子。我可不信?！盜didn'tseemuchofWill'swife．Iknewshedidn'tlikeme．Toher，IwasoneofWill'swildfriends，whogothimintotrouble．Shecamefromaveryserious，Puritanfamily．Lotsofchurch-going，andnosingingordancing．我不常見(jiàn)到威爾夫人，也清楚她不喜歡我。對(duì)她而言，我是威爾的一個(gè)粗野朋友，這種朋友只會(huì)讓他出麻煩。她出生于一個(gè)虔誠(chéng)的清教徒家庭，除了去教堂外根本不懂音樂(lè)和舞蹈。Soontherewasanotherbabyontheway，andoneeveninginFebruary1585Ihurried第6頁(yè)共41頁(yè) roundtoHenleyStreettohearthenews．Will'ssister，Joan，openedthedoor，andthenWillcamerunningdownthestairs．了。1585年2月的一個(gè)夜晚我急匆匆地趕到亨里街去打聽(tīng)消息。威爾的妹妹瓊為我開(kāi)了門(mén)，接著就見(jiàn)威爾跑下樓梯?！甀t'stwoofthem！’hesaid．‘Twins！Agirlandaboy．Isn'tthatwonderful！’Willhadsomegoodfriends，HamnetandJudithSadler，andhecalledthetwinsafterthem．JohnShakespearewasverypleasedtohavehisfirstgrandson，andeveryonewashappy．Forawhile．威爾根據(jù)好友哈姆奈特和珠迪絲·塞德勒的名字給孿生子女起了名。約翰·莎士比亞見(jiàn)第由衷地高興，有一段時(shí)間，每一個(gè)人都很快樂(lè)。WillandIstillwentaroundtogetherwhenwecould．Hewasstillreading，andwriting，andsoonIcouldseeachangeinhim．Hewastwenty-threenow，andhewasnothappywithhislife．只要有機(jī)會(huì)威爾和我仍然經(jīng)常來(lái)往，他依然讀書(shū)寫(xiě)作，但是不久，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他變了。當(dāng)時(shí)他23歲，但對(duì)生活不再知足。gottogetaway．’我必須離開(kāi)此地?！県owIaskedYouvegotafamilythreeyounghildrenrememberHedidn'tanswer．他沒(méi)有答話。Inthesummermonthscompaniesofplayersoftencametosmalltowns，andin1587fivedifferentcompaniescame．WillandIalwayswenttoseetheplays．WilllovedtotalktotheactorsandtolistentoalltheirstoriesofLondon夏天經(jīng)常有劇團(tuán)到小鎮(zhèn)巡回演出，1587年分別來(lái)了五個(gè)劇團(tuán)。威爾和我總是結(jié)伴去看戲。威爾愛(ài)找演員們交談，聽(tīng)他們講發(fā)生在倫敦的故事。TheQueen'sMencametoStratfordinJune，andwewenttoseetheplay．Idon'trememberwhatitwas．IknowthatIlaughedalot，andthatWillsaiditwasastupid第7頁(yè)共41頁(yè) play，withnotawordofpoetryinit．6月“女王劇團(tuán)”來(lái)到斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)，我們又去看戲。這出戲的內(nèi)容我已記不清楚，只記得當(dāng)時(shí)看了直笑，但是威爾說(shuō)這戲很糟糕，沒(méi)有一句像樣的詩(shī)歌。‘Whydon'tyouwriteaplayyourself？’Itoldhim．“那你為什么不自己動(dòng)手寫(xiě)劇本呢？”我告訴他?！甒riteaplay？’Helaughed．‘Annewouldneverspeaktomeagain．’“寫(xiě)劇本？”他大笑，“這樣的話，安可再也不理我了?！盜didn'tsayanything，andWilllookedatmeandlaughedagain．我不再說(shuō)什么，威爾看看我又笑了。Ithappenedafewmonthslater．IwalkedintotheShakespeares'kitchenoneevening，andtherewasAnne，withared，angryface，shoutingatthetopofhervoice．幾個(gè)月后事情就發(fā)生了。一天晚上我走進(jìn)莎士比亞家的廚房，只見(jiàn)安漲紅著臉，氣呼呼地，她高聲在嚷著：‘Howcanyoudothistome？Andwhataboutthechildren—’Thenshesawmeandstopped．“你怎么能這樣對(duì)我？孩子怎么辦？”這時(shí)她瞧見(jiàn)我就將話止住了。wassittingatthetableandlookedpleasedtoseemeIvetoldAnnehesaidquietly，‘thatI'mgoingtoliveinLondon．Iwanttobeanactor，andtowrite去謀生。我想當(dāng)一名演員，如果行的話，寫(xiě)寫(xiě)劇本?！薄甈lays！’screamedAnne．‘Acting！Actorsaredirty，wickedpeople！They'reallthievesandcriminals！Theydrinkalldayandtheynevergotochurch—’整天只知道喝酒行樂(lè)，也從來(lái)不去教堂——”‘Don'tbestupid，Anne．Youknowthat'snottrue．Listen．I'llcomehomewhenIcantdoanythinginStratfordHelookedatmeacrosstheroom．‘Areyoucomingwithme，Toby？’去嗎？”第8頁(yè)共41頁(yè) “什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身？”我說(shuō)道。4AnewlifeinLondon4倫敦的新生活I(lǐng)t'stwodaysjourneytoLondonbyhorse，andWilltalkedalltheway．Hiseyeswerebrightandexcited．Hewasfullofplans，andpoems，andaloveoflife．坐了兩天的馬車我們抵達(dá)倫敦，一路上威爾談笑風(fēng)生，雙眼熠熠生輝，此時(shí)他躊躇滿志，對(duì)生活無(wú)限憧憬?！甀talkedtooneoftheQueen'sMen，’hetoldme．‘Hesaidthathecouldfindmeworkinthetheatre．Acting，perhaps．Orhelpingtowritesomeplays．Ishowedhimsomeofmywriting，andhewasveryinterested．或許可以演戲，或者讓我?guī)兔?xiě)劇本。我曾給他看過(guò)一些我的作品，他很感興趣。”WhenwerodeintoLondon，Ibegantofeelafraid．Thiswasabig，bigcity，andwewerejusttwounimportantyoungmenfromasmalltown．I'llneverforgetthenoise，andthesmells，andthecrowds．Therewere200，000peoplelivingintheCityofLondon—Ineversawsomanypeoplebeforeinmylife．我們驅(qū)車進(jìn)入倫敦城時(shí)，我開(kāi)始感到心慌。這是很大、很大的一座城市，而我們只是兩個(gè)從小鎮(zhèn)來(lái)的微不足道的小伙子。城市的擁擠、喧囂摻和著種種氣味至今令我記憶猶新。倫敦市內(nèi)生活著20萬(wàn)居民——我以前從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這么多的人。WewentdowntotheriverThamesandsawthefamousLondonBridge，withallitsshopsandhouses．DowntheriverwastheTowerofLondon．EnemiesoftheQueenwentintotheTowerthroughtherivergate，andmostlycameoutwithouttheirheads．我們來(lái)到了泰晤士河，看到了著名的倫敦橋以及商店和住宅鱗次櫛比。河下游便是倫敦塔，女王的敵人一旦從河上的閘門(mén)進(jìn)了這座塔，幾乎不能生還。WefoundasmallinninEastcheap，nottooexpensive，andhadsomebread，meat，andbeerforoursupper．我們?cè)跂|切普塞德街找到一處不太貴的小客棧住下，晚飯吃了幾塊面包、肉，喝了點(diǎn)st第9頁(yè)共41頁(yè) Helaughed．‘Everything！’Thenextdaywebegantolookforwork．第二天我們便出去找活干。Thoseearlyyearswerewonderful．Wedidn'thavemuchmoney，ofcourse，andwehadtoworkveryhard．Anewactoronlygotsixshillingsaweek，andtherewasn'tworkeveryweek．Idecidednottobeanactor．在倫敦最初幾年的情況很好。由于身邊錢(qián)不多，我們工作很賣勁。因?yàn)樾卵輪T一星期只能拿到6先令的報(bào)酬，更何況并不是每個(gè)星期都能上臺(tái)演出，最后我決定放棄做演員。WewereworkingthatmonthfortheQueen'sMenatthetheatrecalledTheCurtainupinShoreditch．Willwasactingfoursmallpartsintwodifferentplays．Heplayedasoldierandamurdererinoneplay，andintheotherplayhewasathief，andalsoanItalianlordinlovewiththeQueenoftheNight．Andhelovedit．那個(gè)月我們工作的“女王劇團(tuán)”正在濱渠街的“窗簾劇院”演出。威爾分別在兩出不同的戲中扮演了四個(gè)小角色，在一出戲中扮演士兵和兇殺犯，在另一出戲中同時(shí)扮演小偷和一位愛(ài)上奈特王后的意大利勛爵，他很喜歡這角色?！甀'mnotcleverlikeyou，Isaid．‘Ican'trememberallthosewords．IforgetwhoIamIsaythesoldierswordswhenImanItalianlord．Icomeonstagetoolate，ortoosoon．Istandinallthewrongplaces…’“我不如你聰明，”我說(shuō)，“我總記不住全部的臺(tái)詞。上了臺(tái)又忘記自己演的角色！當(dāng)我演意大利勛爵時(shí)我竟背出演士兵的臺(tái)詞。上臺(tái)不是太遲就是太快，甚至?xí)惧e(cuò)位置?！盬illlaughed．‘Whatareyougoingtodo，then？’sIhadatalkwithJohnHemingesandhesaidtheyneedanewmantohelpwithalltheclothesandtheotherthings．’“做戲裝，”我說(shuō)，“還有道具。我和約翰·海明談過(guò)了，他說(shuō)劇團(tuán)也正需要有個(gè)人能第10頁(yè)共41頁(yè) 幫著安排戲裝和其它事情?！眛hatNowIvegotafightonstagetomorrow，andIhavetodiewithlotsofblood．Howareyougoingtogetmesomeblood？’后要失血過(guò)多而死。你打算怎樣弄到血呢？”‘I'vealreadygotit！Ismiledkindlyathim．‘Sheep'sbloodIgotitdownatSmithfieldmarketthismorning．Youcanhaveasmuchbloodasyouwant．I'mkeepingitwarmforyou！’多少血就有多少血。我會(huì)替你保管，不讓它凍結(jié)。”Willwasgoodatacting．Notthebest，butgood．Anactorhadtodoeverything．Hehadtolearnhiswords，ofcourse—perhapsforsixdifferentplaysatthesametime．Notheatreputonthesameplayeveryday．Hehadtodance，andsing，andplaymusic．Hehadtojump，andfall，andfight．Andthefightshadtolookreal．TheplaygoersofLondonknewarealfightwhentheysawone．起碼得學(xué)會(huì)背臺(tái)詞——有可能同時(shí)得背六出不同的戲的臺(tái)詞，因?yàn)閼蛟翰⒎敲刻焐涎萃怀鰬?。做演員必須會(huì)奏樂(lè)，能歌善舞，還要跳躍，摔跤和決斗。決斗必須看起來(lái)像真的JohnHemingesoftheQueen'sMentaughtusbothalot．Hewasagoodfriend，thenandformanyyears．“女王劇團(tuán)”的約翰·海明成了我們多年的朋友，他教會(huì)我們倆許多東西。Ihadalottolearn，too．Ilearnthowtomakeshoesoutofbrownpaper．Howtocleantheactorshatswithabitofbread．Thentheylookedlikenewagain．IranalloverLondontobuythebesthairforthewigs．Ilearnthowtomakefish，andfruit，andapieceofmeatoutofwoodandcolouredpaper．當(dāng)然我要學(xué)的東西很多。我學(xué)會(huì)了如何用牛皮紙做鞋，學(xué)會(huì)了用一點(diǎn)面包洗掉演員帽子上的污漬，使帽子煥然一新。我要跑遍倫敦買到最好的頭發(fā)制成假發(fā)，還要懂得如何用木頭和彩色紙做成魚(yú)、水果和肉片。Willwasbusydayandnight．Idon'tknowwhenheslept．Hewasactinginplays，hewaswritinghisownplays，hewasreadingbooks，hewasmeetingotherwriters，makingfriends…Hewaslearning，learning，learning．威爾夜以繼日地忙碌，連我都不知道他什么時(shí)候睡覺(jué)。他不停地演戲、寫(xiě)他自己的劇本看書(shū)，接觸其他作家，結(jié)識(shí)新朋友……他一直在學(xué)習(xí)、學(xué)習(xí)、再學(xué)習(xí)。第11頁(yè)共41頁(yè) OnedaywewerehavingaglassofbeerwithRichardBurbageattheBoar'sHeadinEastcheap．BurbagewasanactorwithLordStrange'sMen．HewasveryfriendlywithWill．一天我們?cè)跂|切普塞德街的公豬頭酒吧同理查·白貝芝喝酒。白貝芝是“斯特林奇大臣劇團(tuán)”的演員，對(duì)威爾很友好。enfourplaysnowWillhesaidTheyregoodandyouregettingbetterallthetime．AndI'mgettingbetterasanactorallthetime．ComeandworkwithLordStrange'sMenattheRosetheatreonBankside．Youcanwriteforus．’而我的演技也日益精湛。你就到‘斯特林奇大臣劇團(tuán)’來(lái)，在河濱的‘玫瑰劇院’工作吧。你可以為我們寫(xiě)劇本?！盨owebothwenttotheRose．JohnHemingescamewithus，andAugustinePhillips—hewasagoodactor，too．于是我們倆都進(jìn)了“玫瑰劇院”。一起過(guò)來(lái)的還有約翰·海明和奧古斯丁·菲利普——他也是個(gè)好演員。WeworkedharderthaneverattheRose．Playswerealwaysintheafternoon，becauseofthedaylight．Wehadrehearsalsinthemorning，andbylunch-timepeoplewerealreadycomingacrosstherivertogettheirplacesfortheplay．Andmoreandmorepeoplecame．By1592LondonwashearingthenameWilliamShakespeareagainandagain．在“玫瑰劇院”，我們比以往更加努力工作。由于需要日光，我們上午預(yù)演，下午演戲。到了吃午飯時(shí)，人們已經(jīng)陸續(xù)過(guò)河來(lái)占位子等候看戲，而且每次來(lái)的觀眾有增無(wú)減。時(shí)至1592年，威廉·莎士比亞在倫敦已頗具名望。5Theplagueyears5瘟疫流行時(shí)期WillwrotehisplayRichardⅢforRichardBurbage，anditwasagreatsuccess．RichardtheThirdwasawickedking—amurderer－buthewaswonderfulonthestage，withBurbage'sgreatvoiceandfineacting．SoonallLondonwassayingKingRichard'sfamouswordswhenhishorseiskilledinwar：狡詐的暴君——一個(gè)謀權(quán)篡位的兇手——由于白貝芝雄渾的嗓音和精彩的表演使這一形象在舞臺(tái)上活靈活現(xiàn)。不久全倫敦傳遍了理查王在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上由于戰(zhàn)馬挨了一刀而摔倒時(shí)高第12頁(yè)共41頁(yè) 的那句名言：Ahorse！ahorse！mykingdomforahorse！“來(lái)一匹馬！來(lái)一匹馬吧！我的王位換一匹馬！”AllkindsofpeoplecametoseeplaysandWillwasmakingalotofnewfriends．Oneday，aftertheplay，hewastalkingtoayoungmanoutsidetheRose．Hewasaverybeautifulyoungman，abitlikeagirl，perhaps—butstillverygood-looking．Later，IaskedWillwhohewas．形形色色的人慕名來(lái)看戲，威爾也因此結(jié)交了許多新朋友。一天，演出結(jié)束后，我看見(jiàn)在“玫瑰劇院”外他正和一個(gè)年輕人交談。這人年少英俊，或許有點(diǎn)像女孩，不過(guò)依然相貌堂堂。后來(lái)，我向威爾問(wèn)起這個(gè)人。‘TheEarlofSouthampton，Willsaid．He'sonlyeighteen，buthelovespoetryand‘Isn'theafriendoftheEarlofEssex？’Iasked．EverybodyknewtheEarlofEssex．Hewasyoungandgood-looking—andsomepeoplesaidthatQueenElizabethwasinlovewithhim．有人說(shuō)伊麗莎白女王也愛(ài)著他。Idon'tknowaboutthat．TheQueenwasfifty-nineyearsold，andavery，verycleverwoman．Butitwastruethatshelikedtohavegood-lookingyoungmenaroundher，andtheEarlofEssexwasherfavourite．Then．Itallchangedlater，ofcourse.這件事我倒不清楚。女王年已59歲，是個(gè)非常非常聰明的女人。但是女王喜歡年輕的、面目俊俏的男人陪伴左右是千真萬(wàn)確的，而愛(ài)塞克斯伯爵最得寵。不過(guò)后來(lái)一切都變了?！甕es，heis，’saidWill．‘ButIthinkEssexisadangerousmanHenryneedsbetterfriendsthanhim．’結(jié)交比他更好的朋友。”‘Henry，eh？’Isaid，surprised．‘Myword！DoyoureallycallhimHenry？NotLordSuthampton？’‘Onlywhenotherpeoplearen'tthere．’Willlaughed．‘I'mstilljustanactorfromStratford，Toby．Notveryimportant．Let'sgoandhaveadrinkattheBoar'sHeadon第13頁(yè)共41頁(yè) ourwayhome．’的一個(gè)演員而已，無(wú)足輕重。我們回去吧，順便到公豬頭酒吧喝一杯。”Willwasalwayslikethat．Quiet，nevershoutingabouthimselftotheworld．樣，處世穩(wěn)重，從不對(duì)世人標(biāo)榜自己。IntheBoar'sHeadwemetsomefriendsandstartedtalking．Thetalkwasallabouttheplague，whichwascomingbackagainintoLondon．在公豬頭酒吧我們遇見(jiàn)幾位朋友，便開(kāi)始高談闊論起來(lái)。話題都是關(guān)于倫敦這次卷土重來(lái)的瘟疫?！瓾aveyouheardthelatestnews？saidoneman．‘Theysaythatmorethanthirtypeoplearedyingeveryweeknow．’危險(xiǎn)。”‘AndtheCityCouncil，’saidanotherman，wantstocloseallthetheatres．TheyalwaysdothatwhentheplaguecomestoLondon．There'llbenoworkforanyofus這么做。我們這些演員要失業(yè)了?！盿yerscangoontoursurelysaidWill“但是我們可以巡回演出嗎？”威爾建議道。innadifferentplay，everynight．IthinkI'llstayinLondon．’村莊、不同的旅社、不同的劇目，與其過(guò)這種生活，倒不如呆在倫敦?！盩heplagueisterribleinanyplace，butitwasworstinLondon．Inthosenarrowstreets，withhousessoclosetogether，andthedirtywaterrunningdownthemiddleofthestreet，therewasnoescape．Whentheplaguecame，itranlikefirethroughthetown．Ifsomeoneinahousegottheplague，thenthedoorswereshutandlocked，andabigredcrosswasputonthedoor．Nobodycouldleavethehouse．Youhadtostayinsideandfight—ordie．Ifyouwererich，youleftLondonasfastasyoucould．其實(shí)，各地瘟疫都很嚴(yán)重，只不過(guò)倫敦尤其厲害。狹窄的街道、擁擠的房屋，街道中心遍全城。一旦哪家有人染上了瘟疫，就被封閉房門(mén)，貼上紅十字。任何人不準(zhǔn)踏出房門(mén)。只得呆在家里與病魔作斗爭(zhēng)—第14頁(yè)共41頁(yè) —或者等死。如果家境富裕，還是盡早搬離倫敦才為上策。InSeptember1592theCityCouncilclosedthetheatres．1592年9月市政參議會(huì)封閉了劇院。‘Arewegoingontour，Will？’Isaidtohimoneday．‘OrbacktoStratford？Wecan'tstayinLondon．’久留了?！眃slowlyImgoingtoLordSouthampton'shomeinHampshireforawhile．He'saskedmetogoandstaywithhim．Icandosomewritingthere，readhisbooks，meetafewpeople．’住一陣。他已經(jīng)邀我和他同住。在那兒我可以搞搞創(chuàng)作，看看書(shū)，會(huì)會(huì)客人?！盜lookedathim．‘There'sawomaninthissomewhere，isn'tthere？You'vehadastrangelookinyoureyesforweeks．’我看著他說(shuō)道：“此外也多少有點(diǎn)因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)女人，是吧？幾個(gè)星期來(lái)，你神情總有點(diǎn)怪怪的?！盬illlaughed，butdidn'tanswermyquestion．威爾笑起來(lái)，但沒(méi)有回答我的問(wèn)話。ThetheatresinLondondidn'topenagainuntilJune1594．WilloftenvisitedLordSouthampton，butsometimeswewentontourwiththecompany，orspenttimeathomeinStratford．WillbegantospendmoretimeinStratford，becauseitwasquietthere，andhecoulddohiswriting．IneverheardwhatAnnethoughtaboutitall．團(tuán)到各地巡回演出，或者干脆呆在斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)家中。威爾開(kāi)始花更多的時(shí)間呆在斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)，因?yàn)樾℃?zhèn)的寧?kù)o，他可以安心搞創(chuàng)作。我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)到安對(duì)此作何想法。DuringthoseyearsWillwrotealotofpoetry．Hewrotehisbeautifullongpoem，VenusandAdonis，forhisfriendLordSouthampton，andhewrotemanyofhisfamousshortpoems，theSonnets．Buttheydidn'tgoinabook；theywereonlyforhisfriendstoread．這些年間威爾創(chuàng)作了大量的詩(shī)歌。他寫(xiě)了詩(shī)體綺麗的長(zhǎng)詩(shī)《維納斯與阿童尼》獻(xiàn)給好友索桑普敦勛爵，而且也創(chuàng)作了許多著名的短詩(shī)，十四行詩(shī)。但這些詩(shī)歌并沒(méi)有編輯成書(shū)，只供朋友賞讀。Oneday，whenwewerebackinLondon，Iwasreadingsomeofhislatest第15頁(yè)共41頁(yè) sonnets．Willwasoutsomewhere，andIwasathomeinourlodgingsinBishopsgate．Alotofthepoemswereaboutawoman，aterrible，black-haired，black-eyedwoman．Shewascoldandcruel，thenshewastrueandloving，andthenshewascruelagain．我們又回到倫敦后的一天，威爾出門(mén)去了，我一個(gè)人呆在“畢曉普門(mén)街”的公寓里，翻閱著他最新創(chuàng)作的一些十四行詩(shī)。這組詩(shī)大都描寫(xiě)一個(gè)女人，一個(gè)黑頭發(fā)、黑眼睛的可怕的女人。她性情乖張善變，一會(huì)兒冷若冰霜，冷酷無(wú)情，一會(huì)兒又熱情洋溢，真誠(chéng)多情。ForIhavesworntheefair，andthoughttheebright，“因?yàn)槲以€咒說(shuō)你美，說(shuō)你璀粲，Whoartasblackashell，asdarkasnight．你卻是地獄一般黑，夜一般暗?！盬asWillwritingabouthimselfhere？Iaskedmyself．Andwhowasthiswoman，thisDarkLady？威爾詩(shī)中寫(xiě)的是自己?jiǎn)幔课也唤{悶。這女人是誰(shuí)？這個(gè)黑女人會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢？Ialwaysliketoknowwhat'sgoingon，soIlistened，andwatched，andlookedatallhiswomenfriends．我這人總喜歡將事情弄個(gè)水落石出。于是我仔細(xì)觀察他的每位異性朋友。ThenonedayIsawher．Iwascominginthedooratourlodgings，andshewascomingdownstairs．Shehadblackhairandgreatstormyblackeyes，andtherewasgoldatherearsandroundherneck．Istoodbackandshewentpastmelikeashipsailingintowar．Shelookedwild，andangry，andvery，verybeautiful．于是有一天我碰見(jiàn)了她。那天我正走進(jìn)公寓大門(mén)，正巧她下樓，只見(jiàn)她一頭秀發(fā)烏黑發(fā)亮，一雙眼睛銳利有神，耳朵上戴著金耳環(huán)，脖子上掛著金項(xiàng)鏈。我往后退了幾步為她讓路，而她猶如一艘負(fù)有使命的戰(zhàn)艦奔赴戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)般風(fēng)風(fēng)火火地走過(guò)我身旁。看模樣她瘋狂不羈、一腔怒氣，但長(zhǎng)得豐姿綽約。‘Whew！’Isaidtomyself．‘Ifthat'sWill'sDarkLady，he'llneverhaveaquieteasylife“哎呀！”我心里想，“如果這就是威爾詩(shī)中的那位黑女人，那他的生活就不得安寧ThewomanlookedItalian，soIwentandaskedJohnFlorioabouther．FloriowasLordSouthampton'sItalianteacher．Wesawalotofhiminthosedays．這女人看上去像意大利人，我便去問(wèn)約翰·佛羅里歐。佛羅里歐是索桑普敦勛爵的意大第16頁(yè)共41頁(yè) 利語(yǔ)教師。那些日子我們時(shí)常見(jiàn)面。Idescribedthewoman，andheknewheratonce．我把這女子描述了一番，他立即想起來(lái)了。AlphonsoLanier．Beforethat，shelivedwiththeoldLordChamberlain．Shewasnothiswife，youunderstand．Butwhydoyouwanttoknow，myfriend？’拉尼爾的妻子。這之前，她曾與那個(gè)老的宮內(nèi)大臣同居。你也清楚她不是他的夫人。但我的朋友，你怎么打聽(tīng)起她來(lái)了？”‘Ifshe'samarriedlady，shedoesn'thavealovernow，then？’“如果她是有夫之?huà)D，那么現(xiàn)在她沒(méi)有情人吧？”Floriolaughedloudly．‘Lovers！Youdon'tknowEmiliaLanier！She'sabadeshewasthefriendofLordSouthampton．Butnotnow．Thatisallfinished．’普敦來(lái)往甚密。不過(guò)不是現(xiàn)在，一切都結(jié)束了?！盜didn'taskhimaboutWill．PerhapsEmiliaLanierwasWill'sDarkLady，orperhapsWillwasjusttryingtohelphisfriendLordSouthampton．Nobodywilleverknownow．我不再向他打聽(tīng)威爾的情況。或許埃米莉亞·拉尼爾就是威爾的黑女人，或許威爾只是想幫助他的好友索桑普敦勛爵?，F(xiàn)在也無(wú)從確知了。6Deathinthefamily6幼子夭折Aftertheplagueyears，wewerebusyallthetime．TherewerenewcompaniesofplayersandWillnowbelongedtotheLordChamberlain'sMen．TheLordChamberlainwasaveryimportantman，closetotheQueen，andweoftenputonplaysfortheQueen'scourt，andinthehousesofthegreatlordsofEngland．Wehadsomeverygoodactors．TherewasWill，andRichardBurbage，ofcourse，andJohnHeminges．AndtherewasAugustinePhillips，HenryCondell，andThomasPope．Therewereother第17頁(yè)共41頁(yè) actors，too，butthosesixweretherealcompany．Theyworkedtogetherformorethantwentyyears．Andmadealotofmoney，too．瘟疫流行過(guò)后的幾年，我們一直忙個(gè)不停。市里又有了幾家新劇團(tuán)，如今威爾屬于“宮內(nèi)大臣劇團(tuán)”。宮內(nèi)大臣身居要職，與女王關(guān)系親密。這樣一來(lái)，我們經(jīng)常有機(jī)會(huì)被的宮廷演戲，或者到英國(guó)達(dá)官顯貴的府邸演戲。我們劇團(tuán)不乏出色的演員。其中然還有其他演員，只是這六個(gè)人是劇團(tuán)的臺(tái)柱。他們已經(jīng)一起合作了20多年，也賺了不少的錢(qián)。IdidthecostumesandpropertiesfortheChamberlain's．JohnHemingessaidIwasthebestpropertiesmaninthecity．我仍為“宮內(nèi)大臣劇團(tuán)”做戲裝和道具。約翰·海明說(shuō)我是倫敦市里最出色的道具師。Willwasspecial—becausehewrotetheplays．Andwhatplaystheywere！Heneverwrotethesameplaytwice，likesomewriters．Hewasalwaystryingsomethingnew，somethingdifferentAndhewrotefast，too．威爾就不同凡響了——因?yàn)樗麜?huì)創(chuàng)作劇本。而且寫(xiě)出的劇本讓人叫絕！他總能標(biāo)新立異，與眾不同，筆頭又快，而且從不像有些作家那樣創(chuàng)作雷同的劇本。JohnHemingescouldneverunderstandthat．‘HowcanyouwritesoillheaskedhimAndyounevermakeamistakeorchangeaword差錯(cuò)或是改動(dòng)只言片語(yǔ)。”Willdidn'treallyunderstandithimself．‘It'sallinmyhead，’hesaid．‘Ithinkaboutit，andthenitjustcomesoutonpaper．’就能躍然紙上?！盚ewroteaplayaboutlovein1595．Younglove．ItwasRomeoandJuliet．Itwasaverysadplay，becausetheyoungloversdieattheend．Buttheplaygoerslovedit．Theywantedtoseeitagainandagain．一出非常凄艷動(dòng)人的悲劇。雖然最終這對(duì)年輕的戀人雙雙殉情而死，但是該劇廣受歡迎，觀眾百看不厭。WillplayedthepartofoldCapulet，Juliet'sfather．OneoftheboyactorsplayedthepartofJuliet．Therewerenowomenactors，soboysplayedallthewomen'sparts．Ofcourse，Willneverputreallove-makingonstage．Hediditallwithwords—clever，beautifulwords，andyouforgotthatthewomenandgirlswerereallyboysindresses．Someoftheboyactorswereverygood，andwentontoplaymen'spartswhen第18頁(yè)共41頁(yè) theywereolder．劇中威爾扮演朱麗葉的父親老凱布。女主角朱麗葉由劇團(tuán)一位少年扮演。因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有女演員，所以劇中所有的女角色都由少年來(lái)扮演。當(dāng)然，威爾在舞臺(tái)上對(duì)情愛(ài)并沒(méi)有多加渲染，都是通過(guò)臺(tái)詞——優(yōu)美生動(dòng)的臺(tái)詞使你置身于劇中而忘了臺(tái)上女角色實(shí)際上是化過(guò)裝的少年。有些少年演員演技很好，年長(zhǎng)后可繼續(xù)上臺(tái)扮演男角。WeplayedRomeoandJulietatRichmondPalacethatyear．WealwaysplayedbeforetheQueenatChristmas．Shelikedtoseethenewplays，andshepaidus￡10aplay．Weoftenhadtoworkthroughthenighttogetthestagereadyintime，butitwasexcitingtobeinoneoftheQueen'spalacesatChristmas．Therewasalotofsinginganddancing，andeatinganddrinking．SomeyearsChristmasbeganinNovemberanddidn'tfinishuntilFebruaryorMarch．那年我們?cè)诶锸繚M宮上演了《羅密歐與朱麗葉》。每逢圣誕節(jié)，我們常在女王御前演出，她愛(ài)看新劇，而且一出劇付我們10英鎊。我們經(jīng)常得通宵達(dá)旦，及時(shí)趕搭戲臺(tái)，但圣誕節(jié)時(shí)能在女王宮廷內(nèi)演出倒讓人感覺(jué)是一件興奮的事。宮廷內(nèi)載歌載舞，大擺宴席，觥籌交錯(cuò)。有幾年圣誕節(jié)11月便開(kāi)始，一直熱鬧到次年二三月才結(jié)束。Theyear1596beganwell，butthatsummertheweatherwasreallybad．Cold．Wet．Itneverstoppedraining，andtheplaguebegantocomebackintoLondon．WewereinStratfordforthesummer，butIwentdowntoHampshireforafewweekstodosomebusinessforWillaboutsomesheep．Willdidn'tneedmeathome，becausehewasbusywritinghisnewplay，AMidsummerNight'sDream．1596年初風(fēng)調(diào)雨順，不料夏天天氣很糟，潮濕陰冷，又遇連綿大雨，倫敦的瘟疫卷土重來(lái)，于是我們回到斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)過(guò)夏天。威爾家中一時(shí)用不著我?guī)兔Γ?dāng)時(shí)他正忙于編寫(xiě)一部新劇本——《仲夏夜之夢(mèng)》，于是我有幾個(gè)星期去了漢普郡幫威爾料理羊毛生意IcamebacktoStratfordonewetAugustevening．ThehouseinHenleyStreetwasstrangelyquiet，andIwentroundthebackanduptoWill'sroom—hiswritingroom，wecalledit．Hewasjustsittingtherenotdoinganything，justsitting．八月的一個(gè)雨夜，我回到斯特拉福鎮(zhèn)。亨里街的宅邸出奇地靜，我便繞到后門(mén)徑直到了威爾的房間——他的“寫(xiě)作室”，我們這樣稱呼。他正坐在那里，一動(dòng)不動(dòng)地只是呆坐著?！甒hat'sthematter，Will？Isaid．‘Whereiseverybody？’‘Atchurch．Hisfacewasgrey，andhiseyeslookedempty，dead．‘What'shappened？’Iasked．‘Whatisit？’第19頁(yè)共41頁(yè) Helookedatme．‘Hamnet…’hebegan．‘Hamnetwasilllastweek，and…andhedied，yesterday．Hewasonlyeleven，Toby，andhe'sdead．Myboy．Myonly是他昨天死了。他才11歲呀，托比，可他卻死了。我的孩子。我唯一的兒子。托比，他死WhatCanyousayto