高考英語(yǔ)一輪話題復(fù)習(xí)人教全國(guó)版語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題第四部分專(zhuān)題3

專(zhuān)題3并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句考向1并列句中的并列連詞Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby，anditwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.(2016·四川)解析句意為：是時(shí)候再生一個(gè)孩子了，熊貓寶寶也到獨(dú)立的時(shí)候了。Itwastimefor...和itwasalsotimefor...之間是并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。2.Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysorevenafewmonths.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析afewdays和afewmonths為選擇關(guān)系，因此要用or連接。3.Weweretoldthatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek，butfortheweekafter.(2014·廣東)解析not...but...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不是……而是……”。4.SoNickcalledtohisson，“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt，butpayafairpriceforit：neithertoomuchnortoolittle.”(2013·廣東)解析neither...nor...既不……也不……，為固定搭配。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders，eq\f(so,but/yet)onceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析根據(jù)前后句意思可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折概念，并非因果，所以把so改為but或yet。2.Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically，eq\f(and,but)alsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……，連接并列成分。3.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetableseq\f(or,and)highqualityoilareusedforcooking.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析根據(jù)句意可知，二者之間為并列關(guān)系而非選擇關(guān)系。4.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.Ifwestayathome，itisfortableeq\f(but,and)thereisnoneedtospendmoney.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ)解析如果待在家里，感覺(jué)舒適，還不必花錢(qián)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。5.Momhasafull-timejob，eq\f(so,but)shehastodomostofthehousework.(2016·四川)解析hasafull-timejob與hastodomostofthehousework之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將so改為but。6.Hehadadeepvoice，whichsethimapartfromothersinoursmalltown，eq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(and))hewasstrongandpowerful.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析句中which引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾主句Hehadadeepvoice，而主句與從句后的分句hewasstrongandpowerful之間缺少連詞，根據(jù)它們的并列關(guān)系，可確定需要在第二個(gè)he前加and?？枷?狀語(yǔ)從句中的從屬連詞Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Overtime，as/whenthepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅲ)解析as/when當(dāng)……時(shí)，隨著……。2.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.When/Ifitcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlefortingpats.(2016·四川)解析根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，when(當(dāng)……時(shí))和if(如果)用在此處都合適。句意為：當(dāng)它哭的時(shí)候/如果它哭了，熊貓媽媽會(huì)來(lái)回?fù)u晃它，輕輕拍打，給它安慰。3.Oneday，thecowwaseatinggrasswhenitbegantorainheavily.(2015·廣東)解析bedoingsth.when...正在做某事這時(shí)……。when意思是“正在這時(shí)”。4.Unbelievable！Oh...，ifyoudon’tmind，I’llstopandtakeadeepbreath.(2014·遼寧)解析句意為：……如果你不介意，我要停下來(lái)做一下深呼吸。根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeontheflooreq\f(after,when/while)Iwaspackingthemup.(2015·陜西)解析句意為：我所犯的唯一的錯(cuò)誤就是當(dāng)我把它們打包的時(shí)候，把一些掉在了地上。when/while當(dāng)……的時(shí)候，after在……之后。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)將after改為when/while。2.eq\f(If,Although/Though)IwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.(2015·浙江)解析句意為：盡管在那個(gè)教室學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)我僅僅是一個(gè)孩子，但我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了它。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)將If改為Although或Though。3.Anditiswisetohaveasmanygoodfriendseq\f(that,as)wecan.(2014·大綱全國(guó))解析asmany...aswecan為固定句式，as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。4.Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，eq\f(but,yet)或butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblems.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，although不可以與but連用，但可以與yet連用。5.Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayeq\f(during,when)theycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)解析句中during為介詞，不可以連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，后一個(gè)分句應(yīng)為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故during應(yīng)改為when。6.eq\f(Before,After)waitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(2013·陜西)解析句意為：等候了大約半個(gè)小時(shí)后，我開(kāi)始不耐煩了。故應(yīng)把Before改為After?！暨B詞的分類(lèi)連詞常分為并列連詞(也叫等立連詞)和從屬連詞兩大類(lèi)?！舨⒘芯渑c并列連詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.并列句的基本概念并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成的。在并列句中，這些簡(jiǎn)單句常由并列連詞連在一起。并列連詞所連接的簡(jiǎn)單句被稱(chēng)為分句。2.常見(jiàn)的并列連詞(1)表示遞進(jìn)或順承關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有and，notonly...but(also)...等。Hehadplentyofmoneyandhespentitfreely.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly，buthe(also)spokemoreeasily.(2)表示選擇關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有or，either...or...等。Eitheryouareright，orIam.(3)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有but，yet，whereas等。Janesaidshewasill，yetIsawherinthestreetjustnow.Someofthestudiesshowpositiveresults，whereasothersdonot.(4)表示因果關(guān)系：常用的并列連詞有so，for等。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，foritiswetallover.Theshopswereclosed，soIdidn’tgetanymilk.(5)when也可用作并列連詞，意為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：①sb.wasdoingsth.when...；②sb.wasabouttodo/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...；③sb.had(just)donesth.when...。Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.(6)while作為并列連詞，意為“而，卻”，表示對(duì)比。Helikespopmusic，whileIamfondoffolkmusic.◆從屬連詞與狀語(yǔ)從句一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1.before引導(dǎo)的從句中不用否定式謂語(yǔ)。常用如下句型：Itwillbelongbefore...(得過(guò)好久才……)Itwillnotbelongbefore...(過(guò)不了多久就……)Itwaslongbefore...(過(guò)了好久才……)Itwasnotlongbefore...(過(guò)了不久就……)2.since后面所用動(dòng)詞不同，該動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的計(jì)算方法也不同。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(since＋瞬間動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起,since＋持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式從動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起))Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他參軍兩年了。Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他戒煙兩年了。3.as，when，while用法一覽表。類(lèi)別作用例句asas表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，往往和when/while通用，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))Whenwewereatschool，wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))whilewhile意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時(shí)，兩者可以互換。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when，這里的while意思是“趁……”)4.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞除上述外還有：(1)till，not...until...，untilDon’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntil/tillitwastwelveo’clock.(2)hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...表示“剛……就……”Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedplaining.(3)directly，immediately，themoment，theminute，theinstant，assoonas意為“一……就……”Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.Themomenthesawhismother，heburstintotears.(4)eachtime，everytimeEachtimehecametomycity，hewouldcallonme.二、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1.although與though可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，不能與but連用，但可以與yet連用。Although/Thoughtheyarepoor，(yet)theyarewarm-hearted.2.evenif或eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“即使”、“縱然”，用來(lái)使人注意下文所強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容的性質(zhì)。I’llgetthereevenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.3.nomatter后接who，what，where，how等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以在這類(lèi)疑問(wèn)詞后面加上-ever構(gòu)成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，只能用“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”類(lèi)詞。Don’ttrusthim，nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Iwilleatwhateveryougiveme.Nomatterhow/Howeverhardtheworkis，you’dbettertrytodoitwell.4.as也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，需將從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)以及謂語(yǔ)中的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前至從句句首，引起倒裝；作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需省去。though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以倒裝，但although引導(dǎo)的不可以。Childas/thoughheis，heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit，Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould，hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.5.while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”，比though/although語(yǔ)氣弱。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般要位于句首。三、原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because，as，since，nowthat1.表示不知道的原因時(shí)用because，即說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為聽(tīng)話人不知道，因此because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleaving？I’mleavingbecauseI’mfedupwiththeboss.2.表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或since，即某種原因在說(shuō)話人看來(lái)已經(jīng)很明顯，或已為聽(tīng)話人所熟悉，因此它是句中不太重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它們通常被置于主句之前，但有時(shí)卻相反。Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseated，hesaid，“Sinceeveryoneishere，let’sstart.”3.下列情況下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的問(wèn)句時(shí)；(2)在用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)；(3)被not所否定時(shí)。四、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：where，wherever等Makeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.五、目的狀語(yǔ)從句：that，sothat，inorderthat注意：目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，否則可能是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，不可置于句首。Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchtheearlytrain.六、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：that，sothat，so...that...，such...that...注意：so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句；such＋名詞＋that從句。Sheissogoodthatwealllikeher.Heissuchagoodteacherthatweallrespecthim.七、方式狀語(yǔ)從句：as，asif/thoughI’lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.八、條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if，unless，so/aslongas，incase，once，onconditionthat等Youcanusemybikeaslongasyoureturnitontime.九、比較狀語(yǔ)從句：than；(not)as/so...as...；notthesameas;the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)Heworksashardasothers.Wetreatboysexactlythesameasgirls.Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouwillbe.

Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Youhavetomoveoutofthewayor/otherwisethetruckcannotgetpastyou.2.Mikewasusuallysocareful，yet/butthistimehemadeasmallmistake.3.Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften，andyou’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.4.Atschool，somestudentsareactivewhilesomeareshy，yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.5.Everythingwasplacedexactlywherehewanteditforthegraduationceremony.6.Hotas/thoughthenightairwas，wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.7.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficultiesunlessitgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.8.Howeverhardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.9.Thedoctortoldthepatienttogoonadietbecausehewasoverweight.10.Thereoncewasaveryrichman.Hewassogeneroustoeverybodyaroundhimthatmanypeopleinhisneighborhoodknewhim.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.MynewjobmeantIhadtosaygoodbyetomyclassmates，myschooleq\f(or,and)justeverythingelseIloveintheworld.2.Myfatherishardworkingeq\f(but,and)goestoworkinthefieldeveryday.3.Ihavebeenmissingyouverymucheq\f(after,since)Iwenttocollegeayearago.4.Intheend，wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereeq\f(unless,until/till)theroadwasclear.5.Mom，thoughImaynotoftensayit，Idoloveyou.Nobodycantakeyourpartinmyheart.eq\f(Whenever,Wherever)Iam，Iwillalwaysloveyou.6.Itisinthedowntownarea，eq\f(but,and/so)itiseasytogoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.7.Icalledmyparents，eq\f(so,but)Ididnottellthemwhathadhappened.8.Todealwiththeproblem，Ithink，theyshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreeseq\f(though,because/since/as)treeswillhelpsavewater.9.Herhairwasblackandpurple，andsheworeblacksportsshoesandablacksweater，eq\f(although,even)insummer.10.Somefriendsofhisgotoseehimeveryday，eq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(and))theytakehimlotsofgoodbooksandfreshfruit.Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(連詞專(zhuān)練)Afterseveralvainattemptsshehadtostand13.whereshewasandwaited14.untilaboystudentpassedbyandgaveherahand.Theboyreachedheralongropeandtoldhertoclimbwiththerope.Shedid15.astheboytold，sothatshecameout.(一)在書(shū)面表達(dá)中往往缺乏并列句意識(shí)，主要存在以下兩個(gè)方面的傾向：1.機(jī)械排列簡(jiǎn)單句IbelieveIamfitforit.I’mwritingtoapplyfortheposition.如果我們把意義相關(guān)的這兩個(gè)句