八年級上冊語法專題之

八年級上冊語法專題之——形容詞副詞的比較級與最高級形容詞分為三種等級:原級,比較級與最高級。一、形容詞的原級及用法◆形容詞的原級(形容詞本來面目不作變化)1.可以修飾原級的詞:very、quite、enough(“足夠”,用在形容詞后)soprettytoohowrather(相當)(not)as…as(“(不)像…一樣”,同級比較)notso…as(“不像…一樣”,同級比較)]二、形容詞比較級最高級變化規(guī)則②以字母e結(jié)尾的詞只加r或st③重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫輔音字母再加er或estbig—bigger—biggesthot—hotter—hottestwet—wetter—wettestthin—thinner—thinnestred—redder—reddestfat—fatter—fattestsad—sadder—saddest④以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞把y變i再加er或est

easy—easier—easiestearly—earlier—earliestfunny—funnier—funniesthappy—happier—happiestheavy—heavier—heaviestdirty—dirtier—dirtiest⑤多音節(jié)詞、部分雙音節(jié)詞(特別是ful結(jié)尾及v.+ed/ing構(gòu)成的形容詞)及個別單音節(jié)詞(fun)在前面加more或mostinterestingimportantdifficultexcitiedtiredcarefulpopularexpensiveboringfun⑥不規(guī)則變化old——older——oldest(年齡大的,與than連用)old—elder—eldest(“年長的”,只作定語不與than連用)far——farther——farthest(距離遠)far——further——furthest(除距離外,還指程度上更進一步的)★★口訣：合二為一共三對,“壞、病”、“兩多”并“兩好”；一分為二有兩個，一是“遠來”、二是“老”；還有一詞含雙義，只記“少”來不記“小”?！舾痹~比較級和最高級的變化規(guī)則大致與此相同三、比較級用法1.表示兩者之間進行比較,“更…”2.可以修飾比較級的詞:much=alot(…得多)alittle=abit(…一點點)even(甚至)far(遠遠…)any(絲毫,稍微,用于否定和疑問句中)3.比較級標志:thanor4.形容詞比較級句式:①A+be+形容詞的比較級+than+B.(A比B…)②Which/Who+be+形容詞比較級,AorB?(哪個/誰更…,A還是B？)5.副詞比較級句式:①A＋實義動詞＋副詞的比較級＋thanB.(A…得比B…)②Which/Who+實義動詞三單,AorB?(哪個/誰…得更…,A還是B？)6.比較級特殊用法:①the+比較級+ofthetwo…——“兩者中較…的”他是兩個男孩中較高的。He’sthetallerofthetwoboys.②“比較級+and+比較級”或“moreandmore+多音節(jié)詞”——“越來越…”他越來越高。He’stallerandtaller.③The+比較級…,the+比較級…——“越…,越…”你越快樂就越美麗。Thehappieryouare,themorebeautifulyouare.④not+比較級+than…——“不如…,不比…”no+比較級+than…——“一樣都不…”Youarenottallerthanme.你不比我高。Youarenotallerthanme.你和我一樣都不高。⑤比較級+thananyother+sig.+in+同一范圍——“比同一范圍中其他任何一個更…”比較級+thanany+sig.+in+非同一范圍——“比非同一范圍中任何一個更…”She’snicerthananyothergirlinherclass.她比班里其他任何一個女孩都漂亮。(主語本身就在比較范圍之中,因此是在同一范圍就主語與其他任何一個比較)She’snicerthananygirlinhersister’sclass.她比她妹妹班里任何一個女孩都漂亮。(主語不在該較范圍之中,因此主語可以與該范圍內(nèi)任何一個作比較)◆該用法雖然出現(xiàn)了in所引導(dǎo)的比較范圍但是仍要用比較級,此成為用比較級表示最高級,實質(zhì)是最高級。四、最高級用法1.表示三者或三者以上的比較,“最…”2.形容詞最高級前必須加the,副詞前的the可以省略。3.最高級標志:inofor4.句式:①the+最高級+(n.)+in+比較范圍我是我們班最聰明的。I’mthecleverestinourclass.②the+最高級+(n.)+of+同類事物這本書是所有書中最有趣的。Thebookisthemostinterestingofallthebooks.③Which/Who+v.(單數(shù))+最高級,A,BorC?Jay,Will和JJ誰最收歡迎？Whoisthemostpopular,Jay,WillorJJ?比較級的基本用法及常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)（1）含義：兩個人或事物之間的比較（2）標志詞：than（比）★★①可以修飾比較級的副詞：much（…得多）a

little(一點兒)a

lot（…得多）a

bit(一點兒)far（…得多）even(甚至)

still(仍然)rather(更)

eg:Lesson

One

is

much

easier

than

Lesson

Two.第一課比第二課容易得多。

Tom

looks

alittleyounger

than

before.湯姆比以前年輕一點。

She

drives

still

more

carefully

than

her

husband.她開車仍然比她丈夫還認真。

②比較級常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)

★考點1.“A+比較級+than+B”表示:“A比B…”eg:Tom

is

taller

than

Kate.湯姆比凱特高。

I

get

up

earlier

than

my

mother

every

morning.我每天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。★考點2.“A+比較級+than+any

other+單數(shù)名詞”，表示：“A比其他任何一個都……”，（含義是:同一范圍內(nèi)比較，甲最……”。）

eg:The

Yangtze

River

is

longer

than

any

other

river

in

China.

=The

Yangtze

River

is

the

longest

river

in

China.長江是中國最長的河流。【注意：加other(其它的)，其功用為避免和本身做比較。The

Yangtze

Riveris

longer

than

any

river

in

Japan.長江比日本的任何一條河都長?！俊锟键c3.““比較級+and+比較級”,表示:“越來越……”。

eg:He

is

getting

taller

and

taller.他變得越來越高了。

Thestorybecamemoreandmoreinteresting.這故事變得越來越有趣了。He

does

his

homework

more

and

more

carefully.他做作業(yè)越來越認真了?！咀ⅲ憾嘁艄?jié)形容詞或副詞表示“越來越…”用：more

and

more

+adj/adv原級】★考點4.““the+比較級，the+比較級”,表示:“越……，越……”。

eg:Themore,thebetter.越多越好。Themoreweget,thehappierwe'llbe.我們得到越多就越快樂?！锟键c5.““特殊疑問詞+比較級，AorB？”

eg:Which

is

bigger，the

earth

or

the

moon？哪一個大，地球還是月球？

Who

draws

better，Jenny

or

Danny？誰畫得比較好，詹妮還是丹尼？★考點6.”of+the+比較范圍，…+the+比較級…”eg:OfthetwoAustralianstudents,Mashais________one.在兩個澳大利亞人當中，瑪莎比較高。最高級的基本用法及常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)（1）用法：三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較。①in+短語（在…之中）（2）標志詞：②of+短語（在…當中）

考點①.主語+the+最高級+in/of短語”表示:“……是……中最……的”。

eg:Tom

is

the

tallest

in

his

class./of

all

the

students.湯姆是他們班上/所有學生當中最高的。This

apple

is

the

biggest

of

the

five.這個蘋果是五個當中最大的。

I

jump

(the)

farthest

in

my

class.我是我們班跳得最遠的。【注：形容詞的最高級前通常加定冠詞the,副詞的最高級前定冠詞the通?？梢允÷浴靠键c②“主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示：“…是…中最…之一”。eg:Beijing

is

one

of

the

largest

cities

in

China.北京是中國最大城市之一。

考點③.“特殊疑問詞+the+最高級+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者及以上的比較。

eg:Which

country

is

the

largest，China，Brazil

or

Canada？哪一個國家最大，中國，巴西還是加拿大？Which

season

do

you

like

(the)

best，spring，summer

or

autumn？你最喜歡哪一個季節(jié)，春天，夏天還是秋天？【注意：兩者之間用比較級；三者(或以上)用最高級】形容詞、副詞的原級比較（1）用法：兩者就同一事物進行比較。肯定句：as+形容詞原形+as表示：與......一樣（2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)否定句：notso/as+形容詞原形as表示：......不如......eg:Sheisastallashersister.（她和她姐姐一樣高。）Herunsnotso/asfastashisclassmates.（他跑得不如他的同學們快。）一、單項選擇1.Ifeeltired,soIwanttogotobed____tonight.A.earlyB.earlierC.lateD.later2.Thefoodofourcountryis___thanthatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.sogoosas3.Theiceinthelakeisas____asitwasbefore.A.thinB.thinnerC.thinnestDthethinnest4.Whois_____runningstarinyourschool?A.famousB.morefamousC.themostfamousD.lessfamous5.—Whichseasondoyoulike_____?—Summer.A.goodB.wellC.thebetterD.best6.Lucy’spenis___nicerthanyours.A.tooB.moreC.quiteD.alittle7.—Isyourbrotherasoutgoingasyou?—No,he’saquietboy.Heis________.A.lessoutgoingthanmeB.notsocalmasIC.moreoutgoingthanmeD.asoutgoingasI8.—Howareyoutoday?—Much____.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.thebest9.Tom’scardisnewerthan____.A.ourB.herC.myD.his10.___ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.NootherflowerB.NoanotherflowerC.NototherflowerD.Notallflowers11.Marystudiesharder______inherclass.

A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空1.Heis3timesas_____(old)asme.2.I’mtootiredtogoany_________.(far)3.Whois_____,LilyorLucy?4.Tomisthe_______(heavy)ofthethree.5.Tomisthe_______ofthetwoboys.6.Russiais_______(large)thananyothercountryintheworld.7.Hiscomputeristhe_______________(expensive)ofall.8.Youarepretty___________(beautiful).9.Thebookis____________(useful)thanthatone.10.Who’sthe_________(healthy),you,heorshe?11.How______(small)theshirtis!Iwanta________(big)one.12.Youhave_______(short)and______(curly)hairthanSusan.13.Isthisstreetalot______(noisy)thanthatone?14.Ifeelmuch_____________(excited)now.15.Soccerisbecoming_____and_______________(popalar)inChina.16.Mysisterdoesn’twriteas_____(good)asIdo.17.The______(much)youpractice,the______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.18.Nootheranimalis_______(scary)thanasnake.19.Mathisless________(difficult)thanEnglish.20.Whata_______(funny)boy!21.You’re_______(bad)atsportsthanme.22.It’sthethird_______(long)riverinChina形容詞、副詞（原級、比較級和最高級）練習A部分I用適當形式填空：1.Bobis_________(young)thanFredbut___________(tall)thanFred.2.YingTianisnotas___________(tall)asYongXian.3.Almostallthestudents'facesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks_______(fat)thanbeforetheholidays,4.Whichis_________(heavy),ahenorachicken?5.--How_________(tall)isSally?--She's1.55metres________(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?She'sonly1.40metres_____(tall).Sheismuch___(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe___(short)girlintheclass.6.Heis_____(bad)atlearningmaths.Heismuch_____(bad)atChineseandheisthe_______(bad)atEnglish.7.AnniesaysSallyisthe________(kind)personintheworld.8.Heisoneofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.9.Adictionaryismuch_________(expensive)thanastory-book.10.Anorangeisalittle______(big)thananapple,butmuch________(small)thanawatermelon.11.TheChangjiangRiveristhe_______(long)riverinChina.12.Sueisalittle________(beautiful)thanhersister.13.Myroomisnotas_________(big)asmybrother's.14.--Howdifficultisphysics?--I'mnotsure.--Isit________(difficult)thanmaths?--Idon’tthinkso.15.Annieplaysthepianovery_____(well).Sueplaysit___(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitthe____(well).16.Saturdayismy_________(busy)dayinaweek.17.Hermotherisgetting____________(fat)and________(fat).18.Ithinkit’stooexpensive.I’dlikea_____________(cheap)one.19.Hecomestoschoolmuch____________(early)thanI.20.Thisbookisnotas_____________(interesting)asthatone.21.Yourclassroomis__________(wide)and_________(bright)thanours.22.Practiseas__________(much)asyoucan.23.The________(much),the____________(good).24.NowadaysEnglishis_________(important)thananyothersubject,1think.25.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch________(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe______(dangerous)animalintheworld.II改錯：1.HeisastallerasIam.2.Sheisalittlethinerthanshelooks.3.Bobisheavierthananyotherboysintheclass.4.Thegirlsstudythebetterthantheboy.5.ItisoneofthemostinterestingbookthanIhaveeverread.6.HesaysMaryismostfriendliestpersonintheclass.7.Whichcityismo