2024-2025學(xué)年遼寧省七校高二上學(xué)期期初考試英語試卷（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省七校2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期初考試英語試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Goshopping. B.Takeaholiday. C.Havesomethingtoeat.〖答案〗C2.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$5. B.$10. C.$20.〖答案〗B3.Wheredidthewomanmostprobablyleaveherwallet?A.Inacinema. B.Onabus. C.Atarestaurant.〖答案〗B4.WhatdoweknowaboutMary?A.Sherefusedajoboffer.B.Sheishuntingforajob.C.Shewaswell-qualifiedfortheposition.〖答案〗C5.WhomightShellybe?A.Ababysitter. B.Thegirl’ssister. C.Theman’swife.〖答案〗A第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingaboutingeneral?A.Apieceofnews. B.Aninterview. C.Aprogram.7.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Confident. B.Worried. C.Doubtful.〖答案〗6.B7.A聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whenwillthewomantakepartinabasketballgame?A.Tomorrow. B.Thedayaftertomorrow. C.Infourdays.9.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Phoneashoestore.B.Buyapairofshoesonline.C.GotoBob’sShoes.〖答案〗8.B9.C聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Openanaccount.B.Withdrawsomemoney.C.Cashtraveler’schecks.11.Whydoesthemanhavetocomebacktomorrow?A.Hedoesn’thaveenoughmoney.B.Thebankdoesn’thaveenoughcash.C.Hehasn’tgotanyproofsofIDonhim.12.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.ASilveraccountcanofferaninterestrateof5%.B.AGoldaccountallowsthecardholdertowithdrawmoneyatanytime.C.Aminimumof$500depositisneededforbothSilverandGoldaccounts.〖答案〗10.A11.C12.A聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Managerandsecretary.B.Customerandmanager.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.14.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodointhefirstplace?A.Arrangeateammeeting.B.Contactacustomer.C.Reserveameetingroom.15.Whenwillthewomangiveapresentation?A.Thisweek. B.Intwoweeks. C.Nextmonth.16.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthereportonthenewproject?A.Itshouldbemorespecific.B.Itistime-consuming.C.It’snottoourgent.〖答案〗13.A14.B15.C16.C聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whenwilltheweatherclearup?A.Bybreakfasttime. B.Bylunchtime. C.Bysuppertime.18.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeinEnglandtomorrowmorning?A.Clear. B.Showery. C.Foggy.19.WherewilltherainreachbySaturdayafternoon?A.Thenorth. B.Thenorthwest. C.Thesouthcoast.20.Whatwillthetemperaturesbefortheweekend?A.Atabout21degrees. B.Atabout29degrees. C.Atabout30degrees.〖答案〗17.B18.A19.C20.A第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)AVolunteerbysupportingalocalanimalrescuecenterinCostaRica!Ifyoulikeanimalsandarealsointerestedinpreservingtheenvironment,youwillbeperfectforthisprogram.Youwillbehelpingoutinandsupportingalocalanimalshelter.Notonlydoesthissheltertakeinhomelessanimals,butalsowildanimalswhichareinbadcondition.Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.Asvolunteersspendmoredaysintheshelter,knowledgeaboutwildlifemanagementwillgrow.Requirements＊Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.＊SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.＊Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.＊Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday.Programfees＊Bookingpayments(15%):Thebookingpaymentissimplytoreserveyourvolunteerplacement.PaymentismadebyPayPal.Youcanalsopayusingacreditcard.＊Finalpayments(85%):YourfinalpaymentwillbeagreedwithVolunteerNowCostaRicaduringtheapplicationprocess.21.Whatcanavolunteerdointherescuecenter?A.Communicatewithvisitors. B.Gettrainedtoplaceanimals.C.Givelecturesaboutanimals. D.Searchforhomelessanimals.22.Whocanvolunteerintheprogram?A.AFrench-speakingadult. B.Aprimaryschoolchild.C.AcollegestudentfromAmerica. D.AlocalpersonfreeonFridays.23.Howmuchshouldavolunteerpayatleasttomakeareservation?A.$52.5. B.$105. C.$297.5. D.$350.〖答案〗21.A22.C23.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了如何申請(qǐng)支持哥斯達(dá)黎加當(dāng)?shù)貏?dòng)物救援中心的志愿者。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.”（除了照顧動(dòng)物外，志愿者還幫助我們?cè)谌肟谔帤g迎游客，并回答游客可能對(duì)收容所或動(dòng)物的任何問題）可知，志愿者在救援中心可以與參觀者溝通。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Requirements中“＊Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.＊SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.＊Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.＊Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday.”（*您需要在課程開始日期至少15歲，高中或以上水平。會(huì)說英語是基本要求。*國籍不限。歡迎來自哥斯達(dá)黎加和其他國家的援助之手。*星期一、二、三、四、六、日的09:00至15:00需要您的幫助）可知，一位來自美國的大學(xué)生可以自愿參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Programfees中“1week（minimumstay）$350”以及“Bookingpayments(15%)”（預(yù)訂費(fèi)用(15%)）可知，志愿者至少要付350×15%=52.5美元，才能預(yù)約。故選A項(xiàng)。BGrowingupinKenya,LeseinMutunkei,togetherwithhisfamily,alwayscelebratedsignificantoccasionsbyplantingtrees,whichmotivatedhimtoprotecttheenvironment.It’swhatthenow18-year-oldsoccerplayertreasures,especiallysinceKenyahasanongoingproblemwithdeforestation.MutunkeifollowsinthefootstepsofthelateKenyanNobelPeacePrizewinnerWangariMaathaiwhofoundedtheGreenBeltMovementin1977.Thisinitiativehasresultedintheplantingofover51milliontreestodate.In2018,Leseindecidedtostartamovementofhisown.Hestartedbyplantingonetreeforeverygoalhescoredduringafootballmatch.HecalleditTrees4Goals,andithasgrownsomuchthathenowplants11trees,oneforeachmemberofhisteam,everytimehescores.Throughthis,hewantstoinspireyoungpeople,specificallyhisfellowathletes,tofollowinhisfootsteps,takenatureconservationseriously,andpromisetoplanttreeseverytimetheyscore.Asaresult,someofthemhaveadaptedthispracticefortheirsports.“Seeingthatthey’retakingthatresponsibilitybecauseoftheprojectIstarted,forme,thatisthebiggestachievement,”hesaid.TheinitiativehascaughttheattentionofEnglishfootballclubArsenalandKenya’sMinistryofEnvironmentandForestry,whichhenowworkswithregularlyandgetsadvicefrom.LikeGreenBeltMovement,Trees4Goals,whichhasplanted5,500treessofar,hasmadeit.WhileLeseinhasreceivedsomerecognitionforhisinitiative,hesetshissightsonmakingitaworldwidephenomenon.“Footballisauniversalgame,andclimatechangeisauniversalproblem,”heexplains.“Ithasthepowertounite,educateandinspiremygenerationtocreateasaferandgreenerfuture.”Thisiswhyhewantstoworkwiththeworld’sbiggestfootballfederationFIFA.Asforwhatotherscandotofightdeforestationorotherenvironmentalconcerns,theteenagersaysit’simportanttojustgetinvolvedinsomeway,nomatterhowsmall.24.WhatmadeLeseingetinterestedinenvironmentalprotection?A.Theinfluenceofhisfamily.B.WangariMaathai’shugeassistances.C.Thedemandofthefootballteam.D.Hisfellowathletes’encouragement.25.WhydidLeseinfoundTrees4Goals?A.TogainKenya’ssupport.B.Tosetanexampleforothers.C.TocatchArsenal’sattention.D.Toshowhisachievements.26.WhatisLesein’shopeforthefutureofTrees4Goals?A.Promotingfootball’sdevelopment.B.GoingglobalwiththehelpofFIFA.C.Beatingclimatechangecompletely.D.GettingbeyondGreenBeltMovement.27.WhatcanwelearnfromLesein’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.〖答案〗24.A25.B26.B27.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。在肯尼亞長(zhǎng)大的LeseinMutunkei是一名足球隊(duì)員，他發(fā)起了“一球一樹（Trees4Goals）運(yùn)動(dòng)”，每進(jìn)球一次，他為球隊(duì)的每一位成員種一棵樹，激勵(lì)其他年輕人去保護(hù)環(huán)境。到目前為止，該運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)種植了5100萬棵樹?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“GrowingupinKenya,LeseinMutunkei,togetherwithhisfamily,alwayscelebratedsignificantoccasionsbyplantingtrees,whichmotivatedhimtoprotecttheenvironment.(在肯尼亞長(zhǎng)大的LeseinMutunkei和他的家人總是通過植樹來慶祝重要的節(jié)日，這促使他保護(hù)環(huán)境)”可知，在Lesein成長(zhǎng)的過程中，他和他的家人總是以種樹的方式來慶祝重要的節(jié)日，這激勵(lì)他去保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選A?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Throughthis,hewantstoinspireyoungpeople,specificallyhisfellowathletes,tofollowinhisfootsteps,takenatureconservationseriously,andpromisetoplanttreeseverytimetheyscore.(他希望借此激勵(lì)年輕人，特別是他的運(yùn)動(dòng)員同伴，跟隨他的腳步，認(rèn)真對(duì)待自然保護(hù)，并承諾每次得分都要植樹)”可知，Lesein發(fā)起“一球一樹運(yùn)動(dòng)”是作出表率來激勵(lì)他人保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選B?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“WhileLeseinhasreceivedsomerecognitionforhisinitiative,hesetshissightsonmakingitaworldwidephenomenon.(雖然萊辛的倡議得到了一些認(rèn)可，但他的目標(biāo)是讓它成為一種全球現(xiàn)象)”及“Thisiswhyhewantstoworkwiththeworld’sbiggestfootballfederationFIFA.(這就是為什么他想與世界上最大的足球聯(lián)盟國際足聯(lián)合作)”可知，在FIFA的幫助下，Lesein希望“一球一樹運(yùn)動(dòng)”走向全球。故選B?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“MutunkeifollowsinthefootstepsofthelateKenyanNobelPeacePrizewinnerWangariMaathaiwhofoundedtheGreenBeltMovementin1977.Thisinitiativehasresultedintheplantingofover51milliontreestodate.(Mutunkei追隨了已故的肯尼亞諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)得主旺加里·馬塔伊的腳步，后者于1977年創(chuàng)立了綠帶運(yùn)動(dòng)。迄今為止，這一舉措已導(dǎo)致種植了5100多萬棵樹)”及全文內(nèi)容可知，Lesein從小耳濡目染，很有環(huán)保意識(shí)，后受到啟發(fā)，發(fā)起了“一球一樹運(yùn)動(dòng)”并取得了成功?？梢姡墓适抡f明：積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來成功。故選C。CDiggingoutpotatotubers(莖塊)isoneofthegreatestrewardsgardenshavetooffer.Childreninparticulararesurprisedatseeingthesetubersthatalmostmagicallybecomechips,mash(泥)orbakedpotatoes.Happily,potatoesareveryeasytogrow.Seedtubersareplacedingoodgardensoil,ideallywithsomecompost(堆肥)foreverysquaremeter,inasunnyspot,about10cmdeepat30cmintervalsinrows60-70cmapart.Seedtubersareofferedasearliestandsecondearliestandmaincrop.Thesecondearliestandmaincropscanbestoredforwinterusebutearliestareusuallyconsumedinsummer.SeasonedpotatogrowersbuyearlyseedpotatoesinFebruaryandplacetheminacool,reasonablylightplaceandletthemsprout(發(fā)芽).Ittakessixweeksforsmallsproutstoform.EarlypotatoesaretypicallyplantedfrommiddleMarchintheSouth,butarelikelytoemergebeforethefirstseasonfinishesinMay.Theshootsarefrost-sensitiverequiringprotectiononcodnightswitheitherearthornewspapers.SecondearlyandmaincroppotatoesareplantedinmiddleApril—thefrostriskwillbelow,butnotabsent,bythetimetheyemerge.Asthestems(莖)grow,soilshouldbedrawnaroundthemuntiltheleavesmeetintherowinearlysummer.Atthisstage,thepotatofieldisaseriesofridges(脊，壟).Thetubersformintheridge,protectedfromlightthatturnsthemgreen.Coveringwithblackplasticorathicklayerofcompostisalsoaccessibleinsteadofridging,butplasticisnotsustainableandslugs(鼻涕蟲)canmultiplyincompost.Oncetheflowersarefullyopen,itistimetodigplantswhenthetubersarethesizeofahen’segg.Theygrowrapidlybutgraduallylosetheirjuicynewpotatoflavour,soharvestfreely.28.What’sthewritingpurposeofparagraph1?A.Todescribeamagicprocess.B.Torecallachildhoodmemory.C.Toraiseapotato-relatedtopic.D.Tointroduceagardeningaward.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutseedtubers?A.Theclosertheintervalsare,thefastertheywillgrow.B.Thewarmertheweatheris,thebettertheywillgrow.C.Theearliertheyareplanted,thehealthiertheywillgrow.D.Thedeepertheyareplanted,thestrongertheywillgrow.30.Whathelpspotatoesgrowinthelongterm?A.Frost. B.Plastic. C.Ridges. D.Slugs.31.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtocookpotatoes. B.Howtogrowpotatoes.C.Howtoharvestpotatoes. D.Howtopreservepotatoes.〖答案〗28.C29.B30.C31.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是如何種植土豆?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段“Diggingoutpotatotubers(莖塊)isoneofthegreatestrewardsgardenshavetooffer.Childreninparticulararesurprisedatseeingthesetubersthatalmostmagicallybecomechips,mash(泥)orbakedpotatoes.(挖出土豆塊莖是菜園能提供的最大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)之一。孩子們尤其驚訝地看到這些塊莖幾乎神奇地變成了薯片、土豆泥或烤土豆。)”可知，本段介紹的是收獲土豆是花園提供的最大的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，孩子們驚訝的是這些土豆變成了薯?xiàng)l、土豆泥或者烤土豆，結(jié)合第二段中的“Happily,potatoesareveryeasytogrow.(幸運(yùn)的是，土豆很容易種植。)”以及下文中講述的種植土豆的介紹可知，本段的目的是引出本文的相關(guān)話題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Seedtubersareplacedingoodgardensoil,ideallywithsomecompost(堆肥)foreverysquaremeter,inasunnyspot,about10cmdeepat30cmintervalsinrows60-70cmapart.(塊莖種放在良好的花園土壤中，最好每平方米加一些堆肥，在陽光充足的地方，每排60-70厘米，間隔30厘米，深約10厘米。)”可知，種薯被放置在陽光充足的地方，由此可推斷，天氣越好，種薯生長(zhǎng)的就會(huì)越好。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Asthestems(莖)grow,soilshouldbedrawnaroundthemuntiltheleavesmeetintherowinearlysummer.Atthisstage,thepotatofieldisaseriesofridges(脊，壟).Thetubersformintheridge,protectedfromlightthatturnsthemgreen.(隨著莖的生長(zhǎng)，土壤應(yīng)該在莖的周圍覆蓋，直到初夏時(shí)葉子排成一行。在這個(gè)階段，土豆田是一系列的壟。塊莖在壟上形成，不受光線的影響，光線會(huì)使它們變綠。)”可知，隨著莖的不斷生長(zhǎng)，用土壤將其覆蓋形成一系列的壟，塊莖在山脊上形成，根據(jù)下文“Coveringwithblackplasticorathicklayerofcompostisalsoaccessibleinsteadofridging,butplasticisnotsustainableandslugs(鼻涕蟲)canmultiplyincompost.(用黑色塑料或一層厚厚的堆肥覆蓋也可以代替壟溝，但塑料是不可持續(xù)的，蛞蝓可以在堆肥中繁殖。)”可知，也可以使用塑料或者堆肥代替壟，但是塑料是不可持續(xù)的，由此可知，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來，壟幫助土豆的成長(zhǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“Diggingoutpotatotubers(莖塊)isoneofthegreatestrewardsgardenshavetooffer.Childreninparticulararesurprisedatseeingthesetubersthatalmostmagicallybecomechips,mash(泥)orbakedpotatoes.(挖出土豆塊莖是菜園能提供的最大獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)之一。孩子們尤其驚訝地看到這些塊莖幾乎神奇地變成了薯片、土豆泥或烤土豆。)”引出本文講述的話題與土豆有關(guān)，第二段的“Happily,potatoesareveryeasytogrow.(幸運(yùn)的是，土豆很容易種植。)”可知，種植土豆是很容易的，結(jié)合下文中介紹的土豆種植的條件，種植方法以及生長(zhǎng)特點(diǎn)的介紹可知，本文主要講述的是如何種植土豆。故選B項(xiàng)。DSocialmediacanleadtomentalexhaustion(疲憊).Andwhenmentallyexhausted,youaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbyahighnumberoflikesonposts—eventothepointofclickingonadsforproductsyoudon'tneedorwant.Asaprofessorofadvertising,Ihavestudiedsocialmediabehaviorsforyears.Inlate2022,mycolleagueEricHaleyandIconductedthreeonlinestudiesonAmericansaged18—65totesthowpeopleundervariousmentalloadsrespondtoadsdifferently.Thecontrolgroupineachstudyweregivennointroductorytask—wejusthadthemlookatanad.Asecondgrouphadtomemorizeanine-digitnumberandthenlookatthead.ThethirdgrouplookedthroughtheInternetfor30secondsandthenlookedatthead.Participantsrandomlysawanadwithafewhundredlikesortensofthousandsoflikes.Afterviewingthead,eachparticipantratedhowwillingtheywouldbetobuytheproduct,andhowmuchmentaleffortittooktothinkabouttheinformation.ThegroupthatusedtheInternetfirstwerethemostlikelytowanttobuythefeaturedproductwhentherewerelotsoflikesorcomments,andtheyalsoreportedusingthemostmentalefforttoassessthead.Researchersrefertothismentallyexhaustedstateas“cognitive(認(rèn)知的)overload”.Usingsocialmediaputstheminthisstatebecausetheyareconstantlyevaluatingdifferenttypesoftexts,photosandvideopostsfromsomanydifferentpeople.Inthespanofseveralseconds,theycanseeatextfromtheirhusbandorwife,aphotofromaco-worker,avideofromacelebrityandanemojifromtheirbrother.Allofthisevaluatingleavesthemfeelingfrazzled.Imagineaskingyourroommateiftheywanttogogetpizza.Undernormalconditions,theroommatemightconsiderseveralfactorssuchascost,hunger,timingortheirschedule.Nowimagineaskingyourroommatethesamequestionwhiletheyareonthephonewithasickrelative.Theynolongerhavethementalenergytologicallyconsiderwhetherpizzafordinnerisagoodidea.Byunderstandinghowsocialmediainfluencesthem,consumerscanbemorethoughtfulinregulatingtheiruse—andhopefullynotbuyyetanotherwaterbottletheydon’tneed.32.WhydidtheauthorconductthreeonlinestudiesonAmericansaged18-65?A.Toinvestigatetheironlinehabits.B.Totesttheirreactionstoadvertisements.C.Toresearchwhatkindofadvertisingiseffective.D.Todiscoverwhypeoplesuffergreatmentalstress.33.Whatdocsparagraph3mainlytellusaboutthestudy?A.Itspurpose. B.Itsprocess. C.Itsfinding. D.Itssignificance.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“frazzled”inparagraph4mean?A.Interested. B.Depressed. C.Annoyed. D.Tired.35.Whydoestheauthormention“yourroommate”inparagraph5?A.Tofurtherexplaincognitiveoverload.B.Tostresstheimportanceof.relationships.C.Tostronglycallonpeopletoeathealthily.D.Toremindpeoplenottorelyonmobilephones.〖答案〗32.B33.B34.D35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，瀏覽社交媒體可能會(huì)使人精神疲憊，這時(shí)候人們更容易購買本來并不需要的產(chǎn)品?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inlate2022,mycolleagueEricHaleyandIconductedthreeonlinestudiesonAmericansaged18—65totesthowpeopleundervariousmentalloadsrespondtoadsdifferently.(2022年底，我和同事埃里克·海利對(duì)18-65歲的美國人進(jìn)行了三項(xiàng)在線研究，以測(cè)試不同心理負(fù)荷下的人對(duì)廣告的不同反應(yīng)。)”可知，作者對(duì)18-65歲的美國人進(jìn)行三項(xiàng)在線研究是為了測(cè)試他們對(duì)廣告的反應(yīng)。故選B?！?3題詳析】段落大意題。通讀第三段“Thecontrolgroupineachstudyweregivennointroductorytask—wejusthadthemlookatanad.Asecondgrouphadtomemorizeanine-digitnumberandthenlookatthead.ThethirdgrouplookedthroughtheInternetfor30secondsandthenlookedatthead.Participantsrandomlysawanadwithafewhundredlikesortensofthousandsoflikes.Afterviewingthead,eachparticipantratedhowwillingtheywouldbetobuytheproduct,andhowmuchmentaleffortittooktothinkabouttheinformation.(在每項(xiàng)研究中，控制組都沒有得到任何介紹任務(wù)——我們只是讓他們看一個(gè)廣告。第二組被要求記住一個(gè)九位數(shù)，然后看廣告。第三組在網(wǎng)上瀏覽了30秒，然后看了廣告。參與者隨機(jī)看到一個(gè)有幾百個(gè)贊或上萬個(gè)贊的廣告。在看完廣告后，每個(gè)參與者都對(duì)他們購買該產(chǎn)品的意愿進(jìn)行了評(píng)估，以及他們花了多少精力來思考這些信息。)”可知，本段主要介紹了此次研究的過程。故選B?！?4題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前“Researchersrefertothismentallyexhaustedstateas“cognitive(認(rèn)知的)overload”.Usingsocialmediaputstheminthisstatebecausetheyareconstantlyevaluatingdifferenttypesoftexts,photosandvideopostsfromsomanydifferentpeople.Inthespanofseveralseconds,theycanseeatextfromtheirhusbandorwife,aphotofromaco-worker,avideofromacelebrityandanemojifromtheirbrother.(研究人員將這種精神疲憊的狀態(tài)稱為“認(rèn)知超載”。使用社交媒體讓他們處于這種狀態(tài)，因?yàn)樗麄儾粩嗟卦u(píng)估來自不同人的不同類型的文本、照片和視頻帖子。在幾秒鐘內(nèi)，他們可以看到丈夫或妻子的短信、同事的照片、名人的視頻和兄弟的表情符號(hào)。)”可推斷，所有這些評(píng)估讓他們感到疲憊，劃線詞的含義為“疲憊的”。A.Interested感興趣的；B.Depressed沮喪的；C.Annoyed煩惱的；D.Tired累的。故選D。【35題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Imagineaskingyourroommateiftheywanttogogetpizza.Undernormalconditions,theroommatemightconsiderseveralfactorssuchascost,hunger,timingortheirschedule.Nowimagineaskingyourroommatethesamequestionwhiletheyareonthephonewithasickrelative.Theynolongerhavethementalenergytologicallyconsiderwhetherpizzafordinnerisagoodidea.(想象一下，你問你的室友想不想去吃披薩。在正常情況下，室友可能會(huì)考慮幾個(gè)因素，比如費(fèi)用、饑餓、時(shí)間或他們的日程安排。現(xiàn)在想象一下，當(dāng)你的室友和生病的親戚打電話時(shí)，你問他們同樣的問題。他們不再有精力去邏輯地考慮晚餐吃披薩是否是個(gè)好主意。)”可推斷，作者提及“你的室友”是為了進(jìn)一步解釋認(rèn)知超載。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，其中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)Howlongdoesittaketobecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?___36___That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.___37___TheresearchfocusedonpeoplelikeMozartandPicasso-todeterminehowlongittookthemtobecomeworld-classattheircraft.Let’stalkaboutwhatHayeshasdiscoveredaboutworld-class-performers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyourgoalsandbecomeyourbest.___38___Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld-class?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76composers.text,Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachcomposerscareer.___39___Whathediscoveredwasthatvirtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthyearofthecomposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.___40___Infollow-upstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfamouspaintersandpopularpoets.ThesefindingshavebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrevealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”tobecomeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirsparetime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcreatorsinhistory.D.Hayesstartedhisresearchbyexaminingsuccessfulcomposers.E.ProfessorHayesbegantorefertothisperiodasthe“tenyearsofsilence”.F.Andwhatdothesuccessfulpeopledodifferentlythantherestofus?G.Andthenhecalculatedhowlongtheyhadbeenworkingbeforetheycreatedtheirpopularworks.〖答案〗36.F37.C38.D39.G40.E【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了JohnHayes教授對(duì)于成為頂級(jí)精英所需時(shí)間的研究。通過分析莫扎特、畢加索等大師的作品，Hayes發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有杰作都是在創(chuàng)作者生涯的第十年后誕生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)了“十年沉默期”的重要性?！?6題詳析】上文“Howlongdoesittaketobecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?(成為你所在領(lǐng)域的精英需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？)”以及下文“That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.(這正是卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)教授JohnHayes想要知道的)”說明JohnHayes想要知道需要多久能成為所在領(lǐng)域的精英?？仗幒颓拔牟⒘刑岢鲫P(guān)于精英的問題，并引出下文。F項(xiàng)“成功人士與我們其他人有什么不同之處？”符合語境。故選F。【37題詳析】上文“Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.(幾十年來，海斯一直在研究努力、實(shí)踐和知識(shí)在優(yōu)秀員工中的作用)”說明Hayes教授多年研究頂尖表現(xiàn)者所付出的努力、練習(xí)和知識(shí)的作用?？仗庬樈忧拔?，繼續(xù)說明他的研究特點(diǎn)或范圍，并引出下文。C項(xiàng)中的He指代前文中的Hayes，“themosttalentedcreators

”和下文中的“peoplelikeMozartandPicasso”相呼應(yīng)，所以C項(xiàng)“他研究了歷史上最有才華的創(chuàng)作者。”符合語境。故選C?！?8題詳析】下文“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld-class?”(他分析了1685年至1900年間創(chuàng)作的數(shù)千首樂曲。推動(dòng)他工作的核心問題是，“一個(gè)人對(duì)音樂感興趣多久后，他才能成為世界級(jí)的？”)”說明本段主要介紹了JohnHayes研究了世界級(jí)表演者，以及如何利用這些見解實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。所以D項(xiàng)“海斯的研究始于考察成功的作曲家”符合語境，適合引出本段，該項(xiàng)中的“byexaminingsuccessfulcomposers”和下文中的“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpieces”相呼應(yīng)。故選D。【39題詳析】上文“Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachcomposerscareer.

(海斯為每一位作曲家的職業(yè)生涯繪制了時(shí)間表)”說明Hayes繪制了每位作曲家的職業(yè)生涯時(shí)間線?？仗庬槼猩衔?，進(jìn)一步描述他之后的分析步驟。G項(xiàng)中的they

指代前文中的“composers”，說明JohnHayes計(jì)算了他們創(chuàng)作流行作品之前工作了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。所以G項(xiàng)“然后他計(jì)算了他們創(chuàng)作流行作品之前工作了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?！狈险Z境。故選G?！?0題詳析】上文“Notasinglepersonproducedincredibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular.(沒有一個(gè)人在不先投入十年實(shí)踐的情況下創(chuàng)作出令人難以置信的作品。即使是像莫扎特這樣的天才，也必須工作至少十年才能創(chuàng)作出受歡迎的作品)”說明幾乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家職業(yè)生涯的第十年后產(chǎn)生的。空處對(duì)前面的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行總結(jié)性命名。E項(xiàng)中的“thisperiod”指代前文中的“workforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular”，所以E項(xiàng)“海斯教授開始將這段時(shí)期稱為“沉默的十年”?！狈险Z境。故選E。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從各題所給的A.B.C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)GlenEdwardsbecameaherowhenherescuedaconstructionworkertrappedontopofa160-meter-highbuilding.Asacrane(吊車)____41____workingonaconstructionsite,Edwards____42____foundhimselfinalife-savingmissionwhenafirebrokeout.Herecalledhowhe____43____thetrappedworkerfromhiscrane’scabin(駕駛艙),andhowhecameupwiththeideaofsavingthemanbyloweringacagetohimtolethim____44____.However,hisattemptto____45____thecagebeforethemanwasbynomeansaneasyjob,asthewindwouldthrowhiscraneoffbalance.Besides,thesmokeandflamesalsoaddedtothedifficulty.____46____thegreatchallenges,Edwardsrefusedtogiveupandfoughtto____47____control.Luckily,someoneonthegroundoffered____48____onwheretolandthecagethrougharadio.Edwards____49____thecrane’smovements,inchbyinch,untilthecagehanged(盤旋)justinchesfromtheedgeofthe____50____.Withdetermination,Edwardssuccessfullylandedthecage.Eventually,Edwardswatchedthecage____51____themanawayfromthehorriblefirebelowandloweringhimtosafety.Thecrowd____52____abigroundofapplause,atribute(致敬)tothecourageandskill____53____byEdwards.Heknewthathisquickthinkingandstrong____54____hadmadeallthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathinthefaceofdisaster.AGoFundMepagehasnowbeensetuptoraisemoneyforhim—withorganizers____55____peopleto“buyGlenabeer”forhislife-savingefforts.41.A.engineer B.operator C.cleaner D.salesman42.A.regularly B.unfortunately C.intentionally D.unexpectedly43.A.helped B.spotted C.realized D.guided44.A.escape B.hide C.walk D.slide45.A.clean B.cover C.position D.open46.A.Despite B.Without C.For D.From47.A.switch B.maintain C.lose D.give48.A.instructions B.problems C.explanations D.courses49.A.quickened B.described C.adjusted D.repeated50.A.door B.garden C.crane D.roof51.A.persuading B.lifting C.warning D.dragging52.A.wenton B.puton C.askedfor D.brokeinto53.A.displayed B.admitted C.exchanged D.required54.A.preference B.response C.emotion D.determination55.A.choosing B.ordering C.encouraging D.Teaching〖答案〗41.B42.D43.B44.A45.C46.A47.B48.A49.C50.D51.B52.D53.A54.D55.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一名吊車操作員格倫·愛德華茲在一次建筑工地火災(zāi)中英勇救援一名被困工人的事跡。【41題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名在建筑工地工作的吊車操作員，當(dāng)一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，愛德華茲意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)拯救生命的任務(wù)。A.engineer工程師；B.operator操作員；C.cleaner清潔工；D.salesman售貨員。根據(jù)下文“workingonaconstructionsite(在建筑工地工作)”可知，愛德華茲應(yīng)該是一位吊車“操作員”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.regularly定期地；B.unfortunately不幸地；C.intentionally故意地；D.unexpectedly出乎意料地。根據(jù)下文“foundhimselfinalife-savingmission(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在執(zhí)行拯救生命的任務(wù))”可知，愛德華茲本是工地上一名吊車操作員，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在執(zhí)行一項(xiàng)救人的任務(wù)，所以此處應(yīng)該是“意外地”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他回憶起他是如何從吊車的船艙里發(fā)現(xiàn)被困工人的，以及他是如何想出救這個(gè)人的主意的，他把一個(gè)籠子放下來讓他逃脫。A.helped幫助；B.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.realized意識(shí)到；D.guided指導(dǎo)；根據(jù)空格后的thetrappedworker可知，此處應(yīng)該是指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”被困的工人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.escape逃跑；B.hide躲藏；C.walk步行；D.slide滑行；根據(jù)上文“howhecameupwiththeideaofsavingtheman(他是怎么想到救那個(gè)人的)”可知，此處應(yīng)該是指把籠子放下來讓那個(gè)人“逃跑”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，他試圖把籠子放置在那個(gè)人面前絕非易事，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)會(huì)使他的吊車失去平衡。A.clean清理；B.cover覆蓋；C.position放置；D.open開放。根據(jù)下文“asthewindwouldthrowhiscraneoffbalance