2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit4BodylanguageLearningaboutLanguage練習(xí)含解析新人教版必修4

PAGEUnit4BodylanguageLearningaboutLanguage語(yǔ)法精講·探究學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)視察上面對(duì)話,并類(lèi)比填空:Whenhesawthechance,hebegantotakeaction.→Seeingthechance,hebegantotakeaction.

動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以在句中起修飾、限定名詞以及動(dòng)詞的作用,所以可以作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和作用1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的基本形式如下:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。*Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.早睡早起被認(rèn)為是一種好習(xí)慣。*Thepromisingfutureismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.將來(lái)充溢希望,前所未有地鼓舞人心。*Keepquiet.Don’twakeupthesleepingchildren.請(qǐng)寧?kù)o。不要吵醒睡覺(jué)的孩子們。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式常表示該動(dòng)作與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,而動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式則表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。語(yǔ)法填空。(1)Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,making(make)airconditioningunnecessary.(2)Havingworked(work)forthreehours,hetookarest.

(3)Havinglived(live)inBeijingforyears,Ialmostknoweveryplacequitewell.

(4)Havingspent(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.

(5)Seeing(see)nobodyathome,hedecidedtoleavethemanote.二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)*Thefirefightersdashedintotheburningwoodstosavepeopletrappedinit.(前置定語(yǔ))消防隊(duì)員沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒的叢林,去營(yíng)救被困人員。*Theboystandingthereisaclassmateofmine.(后置定語(yǔ))站在那里的那個(gè)男孩是我的一個(gè)同班同學(xué)。*Thebuildingbeingbuiltoverthereisourlibrary.(后置定語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)“正在被建”)那里正在建立的大樓是我們的圖書(shū)館。假如一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),既要表達(dá)進(jìn)行意味,又要表達(dá)被動(dòng)意味時(shí),可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)法填空。(1)Alittlechildlearning(learn)towalkoftenfalls.(2)Ican’tstandtheoldmantalking(talk)soloudlyinthelibrary.(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasegoandwaitinthemeeting(meet)room.三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。*Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.=Whenheheardthenews,hecouldn’thelplaughing.一聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息,他禁不住大笑起來(lái)。2.作緣由狀語(yǔ)。*Notknowingheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.=AsIdon’tknowheraddress,Ihadbettertelephonehertocomeover.由于不知道她的地址,我還是打電話讓她過(guò)來(lái)為好。3.作條件狀語(yǔ)。*Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsurelysucceed.假如努力工作,你就肯定會(huì)勝利。4.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。*Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.=Thechildslippedandfell,andhithisheadagainstthedoor.那男孩滑了一跤,頭撞到了門(mén)上。5.作讓步狀語(yǔ)。*Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.=Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn’tlearntheserulesbyheart.盡管被告知了許多次,他還是沒(méi)把這些規(guī)定記住。6.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。*Morrislayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=Morrislayonthegrassandstaredattheskyforalongtime.莫里斯躺在草地上,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地望著天空。*Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,cuttingthebranches.=Theboysatinfrontofthefarm-house,andcutthebranches.那個(gè)男孩坐在農(nóng)舍前砍樹(shù)枝。7.作方式狀語(yǔ)。*Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.他跑回來(lái)告知我這個(gè)消息。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于與之對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)肯定和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一樣。句型轉(zhuǎn)換(用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)句子)。(1)Itrainedheavilyanditcausedgreatdamage.→Itrainedheavily,causinggreatdamage.

(2)Afterhehadeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.→Havingeatenhisdinner,theboyrushedout.

(3)Allnightlonghelayawakeandhethoughtoftheproblem.→Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingoftheproblem.

8.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)需留意的問(wèn)題。①獨(dú)立主格。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ),這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),通常用來(lái)表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或狀況,也可以表示時(shí)間、緣由或條件等。*Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.若條件有利,他或許能勝利。*Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.開(kāi)完會(huì)后我們都回家了。*Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.由于沒(méi)有公共汽車(chē),我們只好走回家。*ItbeingSunday,theyhadnoclasses.由于是星期天,他們不用上課。②評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)/懸垂分詞。有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),在句中沒(méi)有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)而獨(dú)立存在,用來(lái)修飾主句,表明說(shuō)話者的看法、觀點(diǎn)等,被稱為評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)或懸垂分詞。常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)enerally/strictly/franklyspeaking,judgingfrom,considering,supposing,providing等。*Generallyspeaking,girlsaremoreinterestedinliteraturethanboys.一般來(lái)說(shuō),女孩比男孩對(duì)文學(xué)更感愛(ài)好。語(yǔ)法填空。(1)Anewtechniquehavingbeenworked(work)out,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

(2)Therearevariouskindsofmetals,eachhaving(have)itsownproperties.(3)Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice,butourworknotbeingfinished(finish),wedeclinedtheoffer.

(4)Generallyspeaking(speak),mencanrunfasterthanwomen.課時(shí)檢測(cè)·素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Heoftencarefullywatchedthedoctorsintheoperating(operate)room.2.Notrealizing(realize)thathehadhurtShirley,3.Thosestudentshoping(hope)toenterthatuniversityshouldworkreallyhard.4.Being(be)morecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.5.Doyourememberthenameofthegirlsitting(sit)nexttoyouintheoldphoto?6.Tomreceivedaphonecallfromhismothersaying(say)thatshewouldvisithimthisweekend.7.Theboywearing(wear)asadlooksaid,“Ican’tfindmyparents.”8.Thechildrenrushedoutoftheclassroom,talking(talk)aboutsomethinghappily.9.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina,thenumberofforeignerslearning(learn)Chineseisgrowingallthetime.Ⅱ.用-ing形式改寫(xiě)下列句子1.Themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.→Themanspeakingtotheteacherishisfather.

2.Intheyearsthatfollowed,heworkedevenharder.→Inthefollowingyears,heworkedevenharder.3.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.→Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.

4.Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.→Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.

5.Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.→Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.

6.Thefirelastednearlyamonth,andleftnothingvaluable.→Thefirelastednearlyamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.

7.Althoughtheyknewallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.→Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.Havingbeenshownaroundthefactory,theywereveryhappy.

被領(lǐng)著參觀了工廠后,他們很興奮。2.Respectinghisfather,hedidn’twanttoarguewithhim.

因?yàn)榫粗厮母赣H,所以他不想和他爭(zhēng)辯。3.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchacold.

被雨淋后他感冒了。4.Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.

瑪麗坐在教室的窗邊讀一本書(shū)。5.Havinglivedinthevillageforyears,Iknoweveryonequitewell.

因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)村里住了許多年,所以我熟識(shí)每個(gè)人。運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯及語(yǔ)法學(xué)問(wèn)翻譯下列語(yǔ)段今日早上,我走在路上,看到兩個(gè)旅游者在看地圖。他們看起來(lái)像是迷路了。我走上前去,詢問(wèn)他們是否須要幫助。他們說(shuō)要去天壇。我把他們帶到車(chē)站,告知他們坐20路車(chē)。他們特別感謝我。不久,車(chē)來(lái)了。我們揮手告辭?？粗麄兩狭塑?chē),我感到很欣慰。Thismorning,walkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap.Itseemedthattheywerelost.Iwentuptothem,askingwhethertheyneededanyhelp.TheytoldmetheywerelookingfortheTempleof課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評(píng)價(jià)十一Unit4LearningaboutLanguageⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Havingselected(select)theproperpresent,theysentittotheirrespectableprofessor.

2.Notknowing(know)whattodo,thechildrenhadtowaitfortheirparentstocomeback.3.Hearing(hear)thesignal,peopleranoutofthebuilding.4.Judging(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.5.Thedecisionhavingbeenmade(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.

6.Working(work)harderatEnglish,you’llmakegreaterprogress.7.Whenexploringthecave,theyfoundavaluablemineral.8.Itbeing(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercises.9.Looking(look)outthroughthewindow,wesawbeautifulscenery.10.Thecaseshockedthepublic,causing(cause)ahotdebateoverhumannatureontheInternet.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Personallyspeaking,I’msatisfiedwithyourperformance.

就個(gè)人而言,我滿足你的表現(xiàn)。2.Thefilmstarintendedtoleavequickly,onlytobesurroundedbyhisfans.

這位影星想快速離開(kāi),卻被他的粉絲包圍了。3.Footballisplayedallovertheworld,makingitapopularsport.

全世界都踢足球,因此踢足球成了一種很流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。4.Therebeingnocustomers,theyclosedthestore.

因?yàn)闆](méi)有顧客,他們關(guān)了店門(mén)。5.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.

我站在門(mén)旁,不敢說(shuō)一句話。6.Havingtriedmanytimes(=Thoughhehadtriedmanytimes),hestillcouldn’tsucceed.

盡管?chē)L試了多次,但他仍未勝利。7.Settingoffearlier/Ifsettingoffearlier(=Ifyousetoffearlier),you’llgettothetownatdusk.

假如早點(diǎn)兒動(dòng)身的話,你在傍晚的時(shí)候就會(huì)到達(dá)小鎮(zhèn)。8.Havingapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners(=Afterhehadapologizedtohisteacherforhisrudemanners),hemadeapromisethathewouldn’tmakethesamemistake.

因自己的粗魯行為而向老師致歉后,他許諾以后將不再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2024·吉林高一檢測(cè))ThereisalargepercentageofAsianpeopleintheUS.They’rehardworking,respectfulbutstrangesometimes.Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheculture,youwillgetsomeproblemswiththem.Asianpeoplearedifferentfromanyotherculturesifyouthinkyouknowthem,youmightwanttothinkagain.Howaretheydifferent?WhenitcomestomostAsianculture,respectiseverything.Youcandoanythingyouwantbutdon’tdisrespectanAsianman.Youwillgetsomerealconsequencesafterwardandespeciallyifheisyourboss.It’ssomethingcalledfacesavingintheAsianculture.It’sridiculoussometimesbutit’stheirculture.Sometimestheirculturecancomeinbetweentheirrelationshipatwork.Asianpeoplemightexpectalotofrespectfromtheirco-workerswhentheirco-workersjustseethemasanequal.

AmericansareverydifferentfromAsianpeople.Ifyou’reAsian,youmightwanttounderstandtheAmericancultureandevenadapttotheircultureifyouworkwiththem.Itwillbeeasierforyousinceyou’reintheircountries.ImagineanAmericanworkinginChina,expectingChineseco-workerstogetalongwithhimwhenhecriticizesthemstraightoutoneverysinglematterinfrontofeveryone.Ithinktheywilltakehimoutsideandtakecareofhim.Itjustdoesn’tworkthatwaywithAsianpeople.Ifyou’reanAmericanbossgivingyourAsianemployeeareview,youwillseethattheywillhaveaproblemwithyournegativeremarks.Theywillthinkthatyoudon’tlikethem,disrespectful,andwanttogetridofthem;wheninfact,you’rejustdoingyourjob.Youjustencouragethemtodotheirworkbetter.Ofcourse,it’snotfairforyouasanAmericanbossbutjustexpectthatitcanbesomethingthatisonyourAsianemployee’smind.【文章大意】本文主要講了亞洲人的文化與其他文化的不同之處。1.TheAmericanscan’tgetalongwellwiththeAsiansprobablybecause_______.

A.theirculturesaredifferentB.theydon’tlikeeachotherC.bothofthemaretooproudD.theyhavedifferentpoliticalviews【解析】選A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段Ifyoudon’tunderstandtheculture,youwillgetsomeproblemswiththem.Asianpeoplearedifferentfromanyotherculturesifyouthinkyouknowthem,youmightwanttothinkagain.可知,因?yàn)閬喼尬幕推渌幕顒e很大,所以假如你不了解亞洲文化,你可能就很難與亞洲人相處。2.Theunderlinedphrase“facesaving”inParagraph2probablymeans_______.

A.savingsomemoneyforlateruseB.makingfacestopleaseyourbossC.showingsomerespecttosomebodyD.helpingsomebodyoutoftrouble【解析】選C。詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段WhenitcomestomostAsianculture,respectiseverything.Youcandoanythingyouwantbutdon’tdisrespectanAsianman.可知,對(duì)于大多數(shù)亞洲文化來(lái)說(shuō),敬重就是一切。你可以做任何你想做的事,但要敬重亞洲人。所以通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境可以推斷出,“facesaving”一詞是“敬重”的意思。3.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanknowthatitisdifficult_______.

A.fortheAsianstoacceptthecultureinAmericaB.fortheAmericanstoadapttothecultureinChinaC.forpeopletolearnthecultureinaforeigncountryD.forpeopletofollowthecultureintheirowncountry【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段可知,美國(guó)人直截了當(dāng)?shù)乃季S方式在亞洲人眼里是行不通的,所以美國(guó)人要想適應(yīng)亞洲文化是很困難的。4.ThenegativeremarksanAmericanbossgivesonyourworkprobablymeanhe/she_______.

A.doesn’tlikeyouanylongerB.thinksyouarenotworthrespectingC.doesn’tthinkyouaresuitableforthejobD.wantsyoutoimproveyourwork【解析】選D。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段Youjustencouragethemtodotheirworkbetter.可知,美國(guó)老板指責(zé)亞洲員工是為了更好地做工作,但是這樣的話在亞洲人的眼里會(huì)被認(rèn)為是不夠敬重或是想解雇他們。所以一個(gè)美國(guó)老板對(duì)你工作的負(fù)面評(píng)論可能意味著他希望你改進(jìn)你的工作。Ⅱ.完形填空Itmaybedifficulttounderstandnonverbalmessagesbecausedifferentcultureshavedifferentexpectationsabouteyecontact,physical1,etc.

Let’sconsidereyecontact.ChildrenfrommanyLatinAmericanandAsian2showrespectbyavoidingtheglanceofimportantpersons.Ateacherwho’s3withthis,however,mightconsiderthelackofeyecontactasasignof4.FormanyAmericanIndianchildren,5Culturegreatly6attitudestowardsphysicalcontact,whetherit’sahandshake,hug,orpatontheback.InAsia,femalefriends7holdhandsandmencasually(隨意地)hugoneanotherastheywalkdownthestreet.Americans,however,mayfeel8withsuchpublicbehavior.InsomeAsiancultures,affectionatelypattinga(n)9headisstrictlytaboo(禁忌的),10itcanbeacceptablebehaviorbetweenadultsandyoungchildren.

How11shouldpeoplestandtoeachotherwhenthey’rehavingaconversation?InareasoftheMiddleEastandSouthAmerica,peoplestandveryclosewhen12.Europeansliketohave13distancebetweenthem,whilesomeAfricans14evenmorespace.Youcan15greatdiscomfortbystandingtooclosetoanotherperson.Notbeing16ofthiscanevenpreventsomeonefromunderstandingor17theideasyou’retryingtogetacross.

Tocreateapositiveenvironmentforcommunication,yournonverbalmessagemustclosely18yourverbalmessage.Onewaytodothisistocarefullyobservehowchildrenandfamiliesspeakand19aroundeachotherandwithpeopletheyrespect.Thiscan20cluesaboutthetruemeaningoftheirnonverbalinteractions.

【文章大意】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文,講解并描述了不同的文化對(duì)眼神接觸、身體接觸等有不同的理解。另外,不同的文化對(duì)人與人之間站立距離遠(yuǎn)近的理解也有所不同。所以,要想真正了解一種文化,肯定不要忽視無(wú)聲語(yǔ)言所傳達(dá)的信息。1.A.exercise B.touch C.education D.strength【解析】選B。physicaltouch意為“身體接觸”,這從下文的physicalcontact可得到提示。2.A.schools B.villages C.homelands D.cultures【解析】選D。第一段已提到不同的文化(differentcultures)中人們對(duì)眼神接觸、身體接觸等有不同的理解。此處舉例說(shuō)明,故此空填“文化”一詞。3.A.uncertain B.angry C.unfamiliar D.popular【解析】選C。在拉丁美洲和亞洲文化中,小孩回避他人的視線是對(duì)其敬重的表現(xiàn)。而對(duì)此不了解的老師會(huì)誤以為這是缺乏敬重。beunfamiliarwith意為“對(duì)……不熟識(shí)”。4.A.disrespect B.ideaC.danger D.disappointment【解析】選A。此空前的however說(shuō)明此句與前一句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。既然前一句說(shuō)是showrespect,此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是asignofdisrespect。5.A.seeing B.staringatC.looking D.glancingat【解析】選C。looksb.intheeye意為“直視某人”。6.A.influences B.supportsC.observes D.reduces【解析】選A。在文章首段中說(shuō)“不同的文化中人們對(duì)眼神接觸、身體接觸等有不同的理解”,然后在其次段講眼神接觸在不同文化中的不同理解,故此段則是講physicalcontact在不同文化中的影響,即“文化極大地影響到人們對(duì)身體接觸的看法”。7.A.never B.oftenC.seldom D.sometimes【解析】選B。由于男性之間可以隨意地?fù)肀б幌?故可推想女性摯友之間手拉手是常事。8.A.pleased B.comfortableC.mad D.uncomfortable【解析】選D。由該句的however可知,在亞洲文化中很自然的行為,在美國(guó)文化中卻令人感到不舒適。9.A.child’s B.baby’s C.adult’s D.man’s【解析】選C。在一些亞洲文化中,摸成人的頭是嚴(yán)格禁止的,但是成人和小孩之間摸頭是可以接受的。10.A.because B.although C.unless D.if【解析】選B。前后之間是讓步關(guān)系,故用although。11.A.far B.closely C.properly D.close【解析】選D。從本段的“peoplestandveryclose,distance,standingtooclose”等可知,本段是談人與人之間站立時(shí)相隔的距離。12.A.talking B.eating C.waiting D.listening【解析】選A。此處whentalking與前一句的“whenthey’rehavingaconversation”意思一樣。13.A.more B.less C.no D.little【解析】選A。來(lái)自中東和南美的人談話時(shí)站得很近,而歐洲人須要的距離更大一些。14.A.hate B.prefer C.wish D.dream【解析】選B。該句中的while表示對(duì)比。非洲人須要的距離更遠(yuǎn)。15.A.change B.expect C.create D.accept【解析】選C。雙方談話時(shí),站得太近,超過(guò)可接受的距離,人就會(huì)感到極不舒適。create“引起;造成”。16.A.afraid B.ashamed C.proud D.aware【解析】選D。對(duì)談話時(shí)的距離要清晰,否則會(huì)造成麻煩。beawareof意為“意識(shí)到,知道”,符合語(yǔ)境。beafraidof“膽怯 ”;beashamedof“以……為慚愧”;beproudof“以……為豪”,均不符合語(yǔ)境。17.A.suggesting B.consideringC.refusing D.accepting【解析】選D。此空前的or表示選擇關(guān)系,說(shuō)明此空的內(nèi)容與前面的understanding意思相近。意識(shí)不到人們溝通時(shí)默認(rèn)的距離甚至?xí)璧K他人理解或接受你試圖傳達(dá)的意思。18.A.pass B.explain C.match D.prepare【解析】選C。非語(yǔ)言信息與語(yǔ)言信息要相配(match)、要一樣。19.A.talk B.behave C.use D.look【解析】選B。這些文化差異可通過(guò)細(xì)致視察小孩和家人間的談話及舉止方式(behave)來(lái)了解。20.A.provide B.support C.prove D.search【解析】選A。這樣就可為你真正理解他們的非語(yǔ)言溝通供應(yīng)線索。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Yourbodylanguagewillgiveoutalotmoreinformation.1.___________(base)onyourbo