初三英語語法講解 人教版 朗文-閱讀

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載初三英語語法講解一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語法講解名詞名詞可以分為專有名詞（ProperNouns）和普通名詞（CommonNouns），專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如Beijing，China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：名詞專有名詞China,Ann,theGreatWall普通名詞個體名詞gun,country,student可數(shù)名詞集體名詞people物質(zhì)名詞paper,police不可數(shù)名詞抽象名詞homeworkI.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：1.一般情況2.結(jié)尾是s,x,ch,sh的3.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的4.以f,fe結(jié)尾的5.以o結(jié)尾的6.不規(guī)則變化：a.改變拼寫的：man-men,child-children,woman-women,Englishman-Englishmenb.單復(fù)數(shù)相同的：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer.c.集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，其實是復(fù)數(shù)的意義。people,policed.表示國民總稱時用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。theChinese,theBritish,theJapanese,theFrenche.以s結(jié)尾仍為單數(shù)形式。news,maths,polices,physics,theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations.f.有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。glasses,trousers,clothes,thanks.g.有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式意義不同。goods貨物,waters水域,fishes（各種）魚，people各族人民。II.不可數(shù)名詞的量1.milk,water,tea,orange,meat,bread,rice,air,food,work,hair沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。2.用量詞來表示數(shù)量，apieceofbread,twopiecesofmeat,glass,pair,tin,box,basket,pair.III.名詞的所有格冠詞不定冠詞a,an的用法泛指一類人或事物的一個或一類。（MissGaoisanEnglishteacher.）指某人或某物，但不具體說明。（Iborrowedadictionaryfromthelibrary.）表示數(shù)量，但語氣不如one強。（Theelephanthasalongnoseandtwobigteeth.）表示單位，相當(dāng)于“每”。（WehavefiveEnglishclassesaweek.）用在固定詞組中。（afew,alittle,alotof,abit,amoment,later,apieceof,apairof）在以元音開頭名詞前用an。（anhour,anAmerican,aneye,anoldman）定冠詞the的用法特指某（些）人和某（些）事物。（What’stheweatherlike?）復(fù)述上文提到的人和物。（Iborrowedapicturebookyesterday.Thebookisveryinteresting.）談話雙方都知道的人和物。（Whereisthebook?It’sinthedesk.）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物上。（thesun,themoon,theearth）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前。（Thefirstoneisthelongestofall.）用在江河、山脈、湖泊等的名詞前。（theWestHill,theWestLake）和姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式一起表示全家。（theGreens）用在樂器名稱前。（playthepiano）用在很多習(xí)慣用法中。（inthemorning,thehighjump,thedayaftertomorrow）不用冠詞的情況專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前。（China,homework,wood）在表示一類人或一類事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。（LiLei’sparentsarebothteachers.）在節(jié)日、假日、星期幾、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前。（Teachers’Day,Monday,June,summer）在稱呼語、表示頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞前。（LiLei,Mr.Smith,DoctorBlack）在一日三餐或球類運動前。（havebreakfast/lunch/supper,playbasketball/volleyball/football）在某些固定詞組里的名詞前。（inbed,atnoon,gotoschool,athome）數(shù)詞I.基數(shù)詞II.序數(shù)詞III.年月日的表達(dá)法IV.交際活動中的數(shù)詞表達(dá)法（No.161MiddleSchool,Room301,Row4,page25,Lesson19）V.千位以內(nèi)的表達(dá)法VI.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法：分子為基數(shù)詞，分母為序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時，分母的序數(shù)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Two-thirdsoftheteachersinourschoolarewomen.1/2onehalf1/4one-fourth（onequarter）1/3onethird3/4three-fourths（threequarter）VII.單位的表達(dá)法（長、寬、高、距離等）halfametredeep400metreswide1,7000kilometreslongthousandsofkilometersawayfrom（答題時間：90分鐘）I.選擇填空（）1.Wewillgoonapicnicifit______finethisSunday.A.is B.are C.willbe D.was（）2.Myparentsare______doctorsinthePeople’sHospital.A.all B.both C.either D.neither（）3.Idon’thinkJimcanrun______Tom.A.sofastas B.asfasteras C.fasteras D.thefastestas（）4.Thereisaseatleftforyou.______sitonthestairs.A.Not B.Don’t C.Nottosit D.Sitnot（）5.Canyoutellmehowto______“pengyou”inEnglish?A.tell B.ask C.say D.talk（）6.Thecaraccidenthappened______theeveningofNovember15th,2000.A.in B.on C.for D.talk（）7.Whojumped______,LiLei,LiPingorWangDong?A.farther B.farthest C.thefarther D.asfar（）8.“WherecanIfindMrBrown?”“He______tothedininghall.”A.went B.hasgone C.hasbeen D.wasgoing（）9.Janesaidshewouldcomehere______9:00and9:30tomorrowmorning.A.from B.at C.between D.around（）10.Yourideaisagoodone.Ithinkwecan______.A.tryoutit B.trythemout C.tryoutthem D.tryitout（）11.Whatmakesyou______sheisarichwoman?A.tothink B.think C.thinking D.thought（）12.Don’tforgettobringthekeystothecar,______?A.doyou B.aren’tyou C.willnotyou D.willyou（）13.Hehasneverseensuchabeautifulpicture,_______?A.hasn’the B.hashe C.doeshe D.doesn’the（）14.Look!Thefarmworkersarebusy______pears.A.topick B.picked C.picking D.topicking（）15.Nonews________goodnews.A.are B.is C.were D.hasbeen（）16.He______hereinJapanfornearlythreemonths.A.hasgone B.hasbeento C.hasbeen D.hasgoneto（）17.Idon’tthinkJameswillgoclimbingwithus.Heprefers________to______.A.swim,climb B.toswim,toclimbC.swimming,climbing D.swims,climbs（）18.Pleasehelpme.Theboxontheshelfis______high______reach.A.too,to B.to,too C.so,that D.very,to（）19.ThisisJack.Heisagoodfriendof______.A.me B.my C.I D.mine（）20.Doyouknow______thisevening?A.whatdo B.whatdowedoC.whattodo D.whatwetodoII.完形填空Lindawasafewminuteslate.Wilsonhad1theofficewhenshegotthere.Hissecretarytoldherhewouldbebackinafewminutes.Shehadtositdownandwaitinouteroffice.“I’ll2getthisjob,”shetoldherself.Foramomentshe3torunoutofthebuilding.Justthen,Wilsoncamethroughthedoorandhurriedintohisoffice.AfewsecondslaterhissecretarytookLindainandtoldWilsonher4.Lindasaidsorrytohimforbeinglate.Wilsondidnotseemto5.Thentheyhadashorttalkandgotdownto6.Hetookoutherletterapplyingforthejoband7it.“You’veneverworkedinradioortelevisionbefore,haveyou?”heasked.Lindaansweredthatshewas8shehadn’t.Nowshewasevenmoresurethatshewouldnot9thejob.10Wilsonaskedherafewquestions.Tohersurpriseheseemedtobe11inher.Shewasevenmore12（）1.A.returned B.left C.closed D.reached（）2.A.certainly B.again C.almost D.never（）3.A.wanted B.tried C.had D.began（）4.A.age B.name C.family D.address（）5.A.mind B.understand C.start D.excuse（）6.A.work B.dinner C.rest D.business（）7.A.read B.turned C.wrote D.posted（）8.A.sure B.afraid C.happy D.clear（）9.A.begiven B.belost C.begot D.befinished（）10.A.First B.So C.Then D.Hardly（）11.A.angry B.pleased C.careful D.interested（）12.A.sorry B.terrible C.surprised D.tiredIII.閱讀理解January12Itbegantosnowlastnight.Ican’tseethevillagebeloworthemountaintopabove.Ihopewehaveenoughfood.ThepuppiesJigsandReelsarewithme,andtheyeatmorethanIdo.January16Stillsnowing.Thedogshavehadnothingtoeatsinceyesterdaymorning.Anhouragotheywantedtogoout.Theyknowthatthingsaren’trighthere.IputthemoutthroughawindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.Thesnowistwometersdeepoutside.January17JigsandReelsdidn’tcomebacklastnight.“Dead,”Ithought.They’reonlyfivemonthsold.Thisweatherkillsthem.Butatthemid-morningIheardthemcallingme.Ilookedoutandnotbelievemyeyes–theyweredraggingabigrabbitthroughthesnow.Theydroppedhimthroughthewindowintomyhands.Rabbitsfordinner!January18Stillsnowing,andthewindisstrong.JigsandReelshavebeenoutagain.Whatdoyouthinktheybroughtback?Twogreypigeons!Ifinishedmyownfoodonthe16th-sohowgladIam!January20Betterweathertoday,buttheskyisstilldark.Threemetersofsnowoutside.Reelskilledanotherrabbit,nearthehouse.Iwatchedhowhedidit.Thenheleft,Jigsbroughtithomeproudly.January25We’vehaveeatenfourrabbits,eightpigeonsandotherbirds.Thepuppieshavegrownupinaweek.They’redognow,andtheyhavesavedmylife.It’sverycold,butthesunisoverheard.TomorrowI’lltrytogetdowntothevillage.（）1.Whereisthewriter’shouse?A.Inthevillage. B.Belowthevillage.C.Higherthanthevillage. D.Bythevillage.（）2.Thedogshavehadnothingtoeatathomesinceyesterdaybecause______.A.theyarehungry B.theirfoodhasbeeneatenupC.theyaretoosicktoeatanything D.theyliketolookforfoodoutside（）3.JigsandReelsdidn’tcomebackonJanuary16,thewriterthoughtthey______.A.diedbecauseoftheweather B.diedofhungryC.werepickedupbysomeone D.losttheirway（）4.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“thedogsknowthatthingsaren’trighthere.”?A.It’sverycoldoutside. B.Wewillgohungryanddie.C.Ican’topenthedoor. D.Someanimalswillfightwiththem.IV.選詞填空1.Themandidn’twanttogooutofthetrain________itwasraining.2.Cananimals________toworkforus?3.Wehavedecidedtovisitmostoftheparksinthecity________weleaveChina.4.Theyknowtheywillgetsomethingtoeat____________.5.Maryjumps_____________thanshedidlastyear.6.Thefarmers_____________tothecropsnow.7.Afterhehadfinishedthehomework,he_________itherethatday.8.Nooneknowshoworwherethesepeoplelearnabout_________food.9.Whichpictureis___________,thisoneorthatone?10.Weknowifweteachsomeanimals__________somework,theycandothework.V.完成句子1.這臺計算機怎么了？我怎么關(guān)不上它了._______________________thiscomputer?Ican’tturnitoff.2.警察們盡最大的努力保持交通通暢。Thepolicetriedhardto______________________________.3.一點兒也沒有焦慮的事情。Thereis__________________________________________.4.與他交談是很必要的。__________________________________totalktohim.5.或者你退出或者我們退出。_______________youstop,____________wewashourhandsofthebusiness.VI.補全對話A: 1______________________________.B: It’ssnowing.Butit’snotverycold.Theweathermansaysitwillclearuptomorrowmorning.A: 2_______________________________________B: It’s-4to3.A: 3_______________________________________B: Notveryoften.Butthiswinteritsnowsalot.A: 4______________________________________B: Spring?Oh,itgetswarmfast.Butthewindisstrong.A: 5______________________________________B: Autumn.It’sneitherhotnorclod.A: Andit’snotwindy,isit?B: Youareright.VII.閱讀回答問題Samlovedtoscubadive.Helovedtobeinthedeepwater.OneSaturdayafternoonSamwasscubadivingneartheFloridacoast.Hewaslookingatsomebeautifulfish.Suddenly,thewaterpulledhimdown.Samtriedtoswimup.Thewaterpulledhimdownagain.Samlookeddownandwasahugepipe;itwasabout16feetacross.Thepipewasontheoceanfloor.ThewaterwaspullingSamintothepipe!Again,Samtriedtoswimup.Again,thewaterpulledhimdown.Afewsecondslater,Samwasinsidethepipe.Thewaterwasstillpullinghim.Wherewashegoing?Whatwasattheendofthepipe?ThenSamremembered:Therewasanuclearplantnearby.Thepipewenttothenuclearplant!Whatwasattheendofthepipe?Probablyapump.Forlongminutes,Samwasinthepipe.Hecouldseenothing.Everythingwasblack.ThenSamsawsomethingblue.Whatwasit?Whatwasattheendofpipe?Itwasthebluesky?Samwasoutofthepipe.Hewasinapoolofwaterattheunclearpowerplant.Luckily,therewasnopumpattheendofthepipe.Therewasonlyapoolofwater.AworkerattheunclearpowerplantpulledSamoutofthewater.Samhadafewcutsonhislegsandarms,buthewasnotreallyhurt.Samhasanewhobbynow.Hedoesn’tscubadive.Hecollectsstamps.1.WhatwasSam’shobby?2.WhathappenedonedaywhenSamwasscubadiving?3.WhatpulledSamintothepipe?4.WhatdidSamseeinthepipe?5.WhydidSamstopscubadiving?VIII.書面表達(dá)你有過去超市購物的經(jīng)歷嗎？請你談一談這次經(jīng)歷。（提示詞供選用）supermarketexperi