初四英語非謂語動詞語法以及目標訓練(有答案)

非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語動詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語動詞在句子中做主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語以及一些特殊結構句型等角度來區(qū)分其用法和細微含義。1．不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1)動名詞作主語通常表示抽象動作；而不定式作主語表示具體動作。Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動名詞作主語時，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經驗。不定式短語通常用來表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbingmountainsisinteresting．爬山很有趣。(經驗)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰時刻開車令人厭煩。(經驗)（3）不定式做主語，一般用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.2．不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作，特別是表示將來的動作。Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．--次做兩件事等于未做。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建議是立刻開始干。2）如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結果）。Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．工作就是為了生活。3)如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明作用。Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture．他的希望是在不遠的將來買一輛豪華轎車。ThefunctionofLouisSullivan’sarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant．(2)動名詞作表語：動名詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Ourworkisservingthepeople．我們的工作是為人民服務。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．他的愛好是集郵。(注)動名詞作表語時與進行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結構迥異，進行時態(tài)說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語，說明主語的性質或情況。Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled，fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.HisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanIhadexpected．(3)分詞作表語分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excite，interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對……感興趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...,若人/物本身有興趣時，就是說sb./sth.isinteresting.這類詞常見的有：interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的exciting令人激動的--excited感到激動的delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費解的--puzzled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的---satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔心的--worried感到擔心的Travellingisinterestingbuttiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch．如果要學生學得太多，他們會感到糊涂的。Theargumentisveryconvincing．他的論點很令人信服。Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．聽到這個消息，他們非常激動。3．不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動名詞作直接賓語，但有些動詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語和賓語補足語1)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓語attempt企圖enable能夠neglect忽視afford負擔得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin開始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得determine決定manage設法cease停止hate憎恨，厭惡pretend假裝ask問dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love愛swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg請求fail不能plan計劃bother擾亂；煩惱forget忘記prefer喜歡，寧愿care關心，喜歡happen碰巧prepare準備decide決定learn學習regret抱歉，遺憾choose選擇hesitate猶豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承諾，允許start開始undertake承接want想要consent同意，贊同intend想要refuse拒絕decide決定learn學習vow起contrive設法，圖謀incline有…傾向propose提議seek找，尋覓try試圖2)下面的動詞要求不定式做賓補：動詞+賓語+動詞不定式ask要求，邀請get請，得到prompt促使allow允許forbid禁止prefer喜歡，寧愿announce宣布force強迫press迫使bride收買inspire鼓舞request請求assist協(xié)助hate憎惡pronounce斷定，表示advise勸告exhort告誡，勉勵pray請求authorize授權，委托help幫助recommend勸告，推薦bear容忍implore懇求remind提醒beg請求induce引誘report報告compel強迫invite吸引，邀請，summon傳喚command命令intend想要，企圖show顯示drive驅趕mean意欲，打算train訓練cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve應受leave使，讓tell告訴direct指導like喜歡tempt勸誘entitle有資格order命令warn告誡enable使能夠need需要urge激勵，力說encourage鼓勵oblige不得不want想要condemn指責，譴責lead引起，使得teach教entreat懇求permit允許wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動詞只能用動名詞作賓語acknowledge承認，自認cease停止mention說到，講到admit承認tolerate忍受dislike不喜歡，討厭advocate：提倡，主張complete完成dread可怕appreciate感激，欣賞confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate細想enjoy享有，喜愛bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can’thelp不禁delay延遲escape逃跑，逃避can’tstand受不了deny否認excuse借口consider考慮detest嫌惡fancy幻想，愛好favor造成，偏愛mind介意repent悔悟figure描繪，計算miss錯過resent怨恨finish完成，結束不得pardon原諒，饒恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原諒permit允許resume恢復imagine設想postpone延遲，延期risk冒險involve卷入，包含practise實行，實踐suggest建議hate討厭prevent阻止save營救，儲蓄keep保持quit放棄停止stand堅持，忍受loathe非常討厭，厭惡recall回想例如：Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激兩年前給我出國學習的機會。(3)有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經常做的事3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)4)regrettodo對要做的事遺憾regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5）trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法6)meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味著7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建議（做某事）9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為；+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動詞前有should一詞，其后賓語只跟不定式，不能跟動名詞。例如：Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow．10)need,want,deserve+動名詞表被動意義；+不定式被動態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow．你可要記著是明天動身。Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。(已講過)Iregrettohavetodothis，butIhavenochoice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實在沒辦法。(未做但要做)Youmusttrytobemorecareful．你可要多加小心。Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway．讓我們試一試用另外一種辦法來做這工作。Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeeling．我沒想要傷害你的感情。Thisillnesswillmean(your)goingtohospital．得了這種病(你)就要進醫(yī)院。4．不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關系Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday．昨天他是最后一個離開教室的。ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon．將要到站的火車是從倫敦開來的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動賓關系Gethimsomethingtoeat．給他拿點兒東西吃。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning．早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語，要加上適當?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系，這里的介詞不能省去。Ineedapentowritewith．我需要一支筆寫字。Thereisnothingtoworryabout．沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時間、機會、權利等抽象名詞如：ability能力，本領drive趕，駕駛movement運動，活動ambition抱負，野心effort努力，嘗試need需要，需求campaign戰(zhàn)役，運動failure失敗，不及格opportunity機會chance機會force力，壓力，要點promise許諾，希望courage勇氣intention意向，意圖reason理由，原因decision決定method方法，方式light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定motive動機，目的struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或next，second,last,only和nota，the等限定詞時候，只能用不定式。6)不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習慣上用不定式做定語。Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm．除了農活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動詞要求用不定式做賓語，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補語，則相應的名詞一般用不定式做定語。如：tendtodo---tendencytodo；decidetodo=decisiontodo；becurioustodo=curiositytodoHiswishtobuyacarcametrue．他要買輛車的愿望實現(xiàn)了。Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus．他們放棄這個實驗的決定使我們大吃一驚。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave．他總是第一個到來，最后一個離去。(2)分詞作定語分詞作定語時有下面幾個特點：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，過去分詞一般表示被動含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。Herushedintotheburninghouse．他沖進了正在燃燒著的房子。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那個修好的表了嗎?Heisanadvancedteacher．他是個先進教師。3）下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義，這點要注意：departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系一般來說，不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。例如：DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要見那位將從北京請來的醫(yī)生嗎？Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要見那位正在辦公室里寫病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？5．不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后將門隨手關上。Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設法克服。(2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨)Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。Readingattentively，heforgotthetimeforlunch．由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因)Readingcarefully，hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore．他仔細讀書時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間)Readingcarefully，you'lllearnsomethingnew．只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件)Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結果)Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結果)Wearegladtohearthenews．我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的：a：not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示肯定意義b：做結果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導主語。6．非謂語動詞常考的其它結構（1)疑問詞+不定式結構疑問詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如：Whentostarthasnotbeendecided．何時動身尚未決定。(主語)Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．困難在于如何過河。(表語)Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（雙重賓語）（注）A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞，如：Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.我不知道如何做此事。B.動詞know后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how,what）+不定式：Whilestillayoungboy,Tomknewtoplaythepianowellandashegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamousofwhichisCarmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有…，只能…”講時跟不定式結構（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcannothelpbutgettingyourshoeswet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有：feel覺得observe注意到，看到overhear聽到watch注視listento聽perceive察覺，感知notice注意see看見lookat看hear聽Onseeingtheyoungchildfellintothelake，Ericsprangtohisfeet，andwentontherescue.2)另一類是某些使役動詞，如make,let，have等。如：Lethimdoit.讓他做吧。IwouldhaveyouknowthatIamill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：①上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如：Hewasseentocome．Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.②在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如:Hewassurprisedtofindthesheep(to)breakfenceatthisseason．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。3)在donothing／anything／everythingbut(except)結構中。例如：LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。但是，如果謂語動詞不是“donothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結構1)不定式的邏輯主語為：for+名詞(或代詞賓格)+不定式。例如：Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個人干這活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如：Itwaswiseofhimtodothat．他那樣做是明智的。2)動名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；②名詞’s+動名詞。例如：Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem．他堅持要我和他們一起去。Hedislikeshiswife’sworkinglate．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kindthoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等Itisverykindofyoutohelpme．你幫助我太好了。間或也可用for+theretobe表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe）。It’sagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。7．非謂語動詞中的有關句型（1）動名詞作主語的句型1）Doing...+v.Readingisanart.閱讀是門藝術。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。2)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。Itisagreatfunplayingfootball．打籃球很有趣。Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．設法解釋是浪費時間。3)Itis+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容詞)+doingsth．Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．真高興又遇到了你。ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．開這種小車是浪費。4)Thereisno+doing.．.(thereisno表“不可能”)Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo．說出他要干什么是不可能的。Thereisnosayingwhatmayhappen.說出將要發(fā)生什么是不可能的。5)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth.做某事沒用(不好/意義/重要性)Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．牛奶灑了，哭也無用。6)havedifficulty/trouble/problem+(in)+doinghave作有解時，后接情感名詞(in可省略)，再接動名詞。這類詞還有trouble,fun,ahardtime,agoodtime.例如：Wehaddifficulty(in)carryingouttheplan．我們執(zhí)行計劃有困難。7)feellike+名詞感覺像動名詞“想要”=wouldliketo+原形動詞Ifeellikeanewbornbaby．我感覺像一個新生的嬰兒。Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看電影嗎?Idon'tfeellikestudyingtonight．今晚我不想讀書。8)spend/wastetimedoingsth.Theyspentalottime(in)makingpreparations．他們花了許多時間作準備。9)在require后只能用動名詞，不能用不定式，盡管表示被動的意思也要用動名詞的主動形式。Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare．這個問題需要仔細研究。10）cannothelpdoingsth.忍不?。ㄗ鍪裁矗㊣cannothelplaughing,onceIseejohninthatbigtrouser.(2)有關分詞句型1)在表示感覺和心里狀態(tài)的動詞see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch這類表示感覺的動詞之后常跟“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”的復合結構，這種動詞與分詞之間的賓語可以是普通名詞或專有名詞(人各等)，也可以是代詞賓格(him，us等)。例如：Shesmeltsomethingburningandsawsmokerising．她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來了。Iwatchedthemrehearsingtheplay．我看他們排演戲。Icouldfeelthewindblowingonmyface．我能感覺到風在我臉上吹過。2)表示“致使”等意義的動詞，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的結構，有時也可跟過去分詞結構。例如：Icaughtthemstealingmyapples．我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary，she'llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會憤怒的。Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。3)go+現(xiàn)在分詞表示“從事…”之意，這時現(xiàn)在分詞做主語補語。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶外活動。如：jogging慢跑，fishing釣魚，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保齡球，shopping購物，sightseeing游覽，camping露營。I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露營。I’llgoshopping．我去商店。Wouldyouliketogoskatingwithme?你想和我去溜冰嗎?4)bebusy+v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)忙著做…Iambusywritingmythesis．我正忙著寫論文。Hisassistantisbusy(in)correctingpapers．他的助教忙于批閱考卷?；蛘遙ebusywith+n.忙著做某事。Heisbusywithhiswork．他忙著工作。5)Whatdoyousayto+ing分詞?(……怎么樣?)Whatdoyousaytojoiningusfordinner?和我們一起進餐，你看怎么樣?（3）有關動詞不定式句型下面這些詞組是不定式的習慣用法，只能用不定式形式。cannothelpbutdo,cannotbutdo,cannotchoosebutdo,candonothingbutdo,havenochoice/alternativetodoWhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannothelpbutbelievethatthepublicwillappreciatehisgift.(4)therebe的非謂語形式therebe非謂語形式可在句中作主語、賓語、狀語和定語。(其中作賓語和狀語在1991年和1994年測試過，定語見1996年題10。)Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams．(作賓語如1991年題30)1)作動詞賓語時，通常用theretobe結構，而不用therebeing。能這樣用的及物動詞為：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：Wedon'twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind，我們不希望有任何同志掉隊。Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長隊。Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere．我們并不反對在這里開會。Itisn'tenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight，soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquitesafely．(作狀語)2)作狀語多用therebeing結構，但若置于介詞之后，for用theretobe整個介詞短語作程度狀語，其它多半用therebeing。Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself．由于附近沒有人，我只得獨自干了。(原因狀語)It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup．太早了，還不會有人起床。(作程度狀語)Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thegroundwasverydry．因為好長時間沒下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因狀語)3)作主語時兩種結構都可以，但如是用for引導則要用theretobe。Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung．老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers．幼兒園在校園內對女教師十分方便。4)作定語。Therebe結構作定語時，定語從句中謂語為therebe，there之前的關系代詞常常省略。如：Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoNanking．這是到南京的最快一班車。ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople．我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。目標測試1.______inthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttimeisreallyahardnut．A．TomakehighscoresB．MakinghighscoresC．TomakelowgoalD．Makinglowgoal2.Ifound________toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven．A．nopossibilityB．therewasimpossibilityC．impossibleD．itimpossible3.Thestudentsexpectedthere_____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams．A．isB．beingC．havebeenD．tobe4.You’regoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractise______Englishasmuchaspossible.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.Speakabout5.Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk______thetrain.A.missBmissingC.beingmissedDtomiss6.Theflexibilityoffilmallowstheartist_______unstrainedimaginationtotheanimationofcartooncharacters.A．tobringB．briningC．isbroughtD．brings7.Althoughthelecturehadalreadybeenonforfiveminutes，Istillwasnotabletofindachair____.A.tositB．fortositonC．tositonD．forsitting8.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggereffort______her?A．pleaseB．pleasedC．topleaseD．havingpleased9.Lotsofemptybootswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut______.A.drinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drunk10.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported___twenty-fiveyearsagewhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup11.Iheardhim__thedoorA.lockingB.tolockC.lockD.beinglocking12.Hedoesnothingbut___A.complainingB.tocomplainingC.complainD.tocomplain13.Thestudentsexpectedthere___morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.A.isB.beingChavebeenD.tobe14.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper___inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.toberobbedB.robbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed15.Iappreciated______theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.A.havingbeengivenB.havingbeenC.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven16.Thereisnopoint___further.A.argueB.toargueC.arguingD.beingarguing17.Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways___withotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.A.combinedB.havingcombinedC.combineD.beingcombined18.Theystopped___,butnowI’mgettinginterested.A.listeningB.tolistenC.listenD.havinglistening19.Iamsorrytohearthatyouresorted___A.tocheatB.tocheatingC.cheatingD.cheat20.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,___insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.A.beingconsideredB.considering.C.tobeconsideredD.havingconsidered21.___oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimberupanddriftedtotheSouth.A.TobefreeB.FreeingC.TofreeD.Freed22.___exceptions,therulemaystand.A.AllowforB.AllowingforC.ToallowD.Toallowfor23.Allflights___becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled24.Johnpaintedhersittinginachairwithherhands___A.foldingB.tohavefoldedC.tofoldD.folded25.It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges___placeinourever-changingworld.A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken26.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime__thelastbus.A.tohavecaughtB.tocatchC.catchingD.havingcaught27.Ihavegotaloafofbread;nowI’mlookingforaknife____.A.tocutitwithB.tocutwithitC.withittocutD.ittocutwith28.ThefunctionofLouisSullivan’sarchitecturewas___largeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.A.toprovideB.providingChavingprovidingDprovide29.Hisvictoryinthefinalwasnomore____thanIhadexpected.A.convincingB.convincedC.toconvinceD.beingconvincing30.Irecommendyou___whathesays.A.doB.doingC.todoD.todoing31.Howabout____there?A.togoB.goC.goingD.togoing32.Heisan___teacher.A.advancingB.advancedCbeingadvancingDadvance33.ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman___princeHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.A.wasB.beingC.isD.havingbeen34.Ihavenoideaof___it.A.todoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.todoing35.Onseeingtheyoungchild___intothelake,Johnsprangtohisfeet,andwenttotherescue.A.fellB.fallC.fallingDtofall36Wedon’twant____anycomradeslaggingbehind.A.therebeingB.theretobeingC.theretobeD.thereis37.Imustmakefulluseofthetime___lefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.A.therebeingB.thereisC.thereareD.theretobe38.Itisnotuncommonfor____problemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.A.theretobeB.therebeingCtheretobeingD.therebe39.Revolutionmeans___theproductiveforces.A.toliberate.B.tohaveliberatedC.liberatingD.havingbeingliberated40．Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each____onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makeB.madeC.istomakeD.making標準答案：1-5ADDCD6-10ACCAC11-15CCDCA16-20CDBBA21-25DBDDA26-30BAAAC31-35CBBBB36-40CBACD1.Ican'tunderstand_____adecisionuntilitistoolate.a.himtopostponetomakeb.hispostponingtomakec.hispostponingmakingd.hispostponemaking正確答案為：C2.Never_____faithinhimself,JamesWaltwentonwithhisexperiment.a.losingb.tolostc.lostd.tobelost正確答案為：A3.Heissaid_____onthesubjectforyears.a.havingbeenworkingb.tohavebeenworkingc.havingworkedd.towork正確答案為：B4.Thetemperature_____,thechemicalreactionisbeingspeededup.a.risingb.raisingc.beingrisend.raisen正確答案為：A5.Havingnomoneybut_____toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.a.nottohaveanyoneb.notwantinganyonec.wantednooned.towantnoone正確答案為：B6.Theteacherdoesn'tpermit_____inclass.a.smokeb.tosmokec.smokingd.tohaveasmoke正確答案為：C7.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_____.a.toerectb.beerectedc.erectingd.beingerected正確答案為：D8._____withthesizeofwholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.a.Whencomparedb.Comparec.Whilecomparingd.Comparing正確答案為：A9.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme_____ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.a.tobeinformedb.oninformingrmedrming正確答案為：C10.Iwouldappreciate_____itasecret.a.yourkeepingb.youtokeepc.thatyoukeepd.thatyouwillkeep正確答案為：A11.Herushedintotheroom,hisface_____withsweat.a.wascoveredb.coveredc.tobecoveredd.covering正確答案為：B12.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed_____blownoffthemountain.a.tohavebeenb.tobec.thatitwasd.thatithadbeen正確答案為：A非謂語動詞綜合練習一1.Couldyoutellmethewayyou'vethoughtof___?A.todoitB.doingitC.doitD.hastodoit2.I'lldowhateverIcan___myEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improveingD.toimproving3.TheJapanesetooktheislandfromtheBritish,only___theAmericanstwoyearslater.A.toloseittoB.lostbyC.tolosebyD.tobelostby4.Shespoketooquitely____.A.formetohearherB.tometohearherC.formetobeheardD.tometobeheard5.Itiscareless___thesamemistakesinyourcomposition.A.foryoutomakeB.foryoumakingC.ofyoutomakeD.ofyoumaking6.I'vedecidedtodowhatIlike___.A./B.toC.todoD.doing7.Myparentsencouragedmetobeadoctor,butIdidn't____.A.wantB.wanttoC./D.do8.---Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?---No,butsometimes,IwishI___.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetime9.Tomhated___fun___theblacksmith.A.beingmade;ofB.tobemade;ofbyC.tomake;ofbyD.making;to10.It'sagreathonour___presentatthismeeting.A.forustobeB.forustoC.ofustobeD.forourbeing11.I'mhungry.Getmesomething____.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.foreating12.Tosomepeople,popularmusicis___,becauseitisnottotheirtaste.A.pleasanttohearB.pleasanttobeheardC.unpleasanttohearD.unpleasanttobeheard13.I'dratherstayherethan_____withyou.A.wentB.goingC.goD.togo14.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding15.I'dratherhe__tomorrowafternoon.A.willcomeB.comesC.comingD.came16.Theboywouldrather__thesmallonethanthebigone.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.taken17.Healwaysknows___intouchwithme.A.togetB.gettingC.howgettingD.wheretoget18.Shecan'timagine___fishingbyherself.A.goingtoB.togoC.goingD.ofgoing19.Haveyougotused___here?A.tolivingB.toliveC.livingD.atliving20.Mostofthemobjected____insuchahurry.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.toleaving21.___willhelpalot.A.HecomingB.HiscomeC.HiscomingD.Himcoming22.Whodidtheteacher___thearticle?A.havewrittenB.haswriteC.haswrittenD.havewrite23.Doyoufeellike__awalkwithmeaftersupper?A.havingB.tohaveC.hadD.have24.Hewrotemealetter,___mehistroubleandheaskedmeforadvice.A.tellB.tellingC.toldD.totell25.Helookedathisbookwitha___expression;perhapshemetwitha_____problem.A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling26.Thelittlegirlwas__atthe___dog.A.frightenning;frightenedB.frightened;frighteningC.frightened;frightenedD.frightening;frightening27.Theproblem___tomorrowisveryserious.A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.willbediscussed28.---Haveyouanything___there?---No,I'llgotheremyself.Thankyoujustthesame.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.totakenD.whichshouldbetaken29._______,DoctorSmithsmiledwithgreatsatisfaction.A.TheoperationbeingoverB.TheoperationhavingdoneC.FinishedtheoperationD.Toendtheope