初四英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法以及目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練(有答案)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。為了區(qū)分這三種不同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法和含義，我們將分別從三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)以及一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型等角度來(lái)區(qū)分其用法和細(xì)微含義。1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象動(dòng)作；而不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作。Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here．這里禁止抽煙。(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．你抽這么多煙對(duì)你身體很不好。(具體)(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用以表示一件已知的事或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbingmountainsisinteresting．爬山很有趣。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車(chē)令人厭煩。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))（3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.2．不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)1)不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．--次做兩件事等于未做。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建議是立刻開(kāi)始干。2）如果主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件），表語(yǔ)也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見(jiàn)。Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．工作就是為了生活。3)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture．他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)買(mǎi)一輛豪華轎車(chē)。ThefunctionofLouisSullivan’sarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant．(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)：動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的一般性的行為。Ourworkisservingthepeople．我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps．他的愛(ài)好是集郵。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。動(dòng)名詞做表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或情況。Peoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled，fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.HisvictoryinthefinalwasnomoreconvincingthanIhadexpected．(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤健Ｒ话銇?lái)說(shuō)，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。換句話說(shuō)，若人對(duì)……感興趣，就是somebodyisinterestedin...,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說(shuō)sb./sth.isinteresting.這類(lèi)詞常見(jiàn)的有：interesting使人感到高興--interested感到高興的exciting令人激動(dòng)的--excited感到激動(dòng)的delighting令人高興的--delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費(fèi)解的--puzzled感到費(fèi)解的satisfying令人滿(mǎn)意的---satisfied感到滿(mǎn)意的surprising令人驚異的--surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔(dān)心的--worried感到擔(dān)心的Travellingisinterestingbuttiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。Thepupilswillgetconfusediftheyaremadetolearntoomuch．如果要學(xué)生學(xué)得太多，他們會(huì)感到糊涂的。Theargumentisveryconvincing．他的論點(diǎn)很令人信服。Theywereveryexcitedatthenews．聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他們非常激動(dòng)。3．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：(1)不定式做賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)attempt企圖enable能夠neglect忽視afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲，打算begin開(kāi)始expect期望omit忽略，漏appear似乎，顯得determine決定manage設(shè)法cease停止hate憎恨，厭惡pretend假裝ask問(wèn)dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love愛(ài)swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg請(qǐng)求fail不能plan計(jì)劃bother擾亂；煩惱forget忘記prefer喜歡，寧愿care關(guān)心，喜歡happen碰巧prepare準(zhǔn)備decide決定learn學(xué)習(xí)regret抱歉，遺憾choose選擇hesitate猶豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承諾，允許start開(kāi)始undertake承接want想要consent同意，贊同intend想要refuse拒絕decide決定learn學(xué)習(xí)vow起contrive設(shè)法，圖謀incline有…傾向propose提議seek找，尋覓try試圖2)下面的動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式ask要求，邀請(qǐng)get請(qǐng)，得到prompt促使allow允許forbid禁止prefer喜歡，寧愿announce宣布force強(qiáng)迫press迫使bride收買(mǎi)inspire鼓舞request請(qǐng)求assist協(xié)助hate憎惡pronounce斷定，表示advise勸告exhort告誡，勉勵(lì)pray請(qǐng)求authorize授權(quán)，委托help幫助recommend勸告，推薦bear容忍implore懇求remind提醒beg請(qǐng)求induce引誘report報(bào)告compel強(qiáng)迫invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)，summon傳喚command命令intend想要，企圖show顯示drive驅(qū)趕mean意欲，打算train訓(xùn)練cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve應(yīng)受leave使，讓tell告訴direct指導(dǎo)like喜歡tempt勸誘entitle有資格order命令warn告誡enable使能夠need需要urge激勵(lì)，力說(shuō)encourage鼓勵(lì)oblige不得不want想要condemn指責(zé)，譴責(zé)lead引起，使得teach教entreat懇求permit允許wish希望(2)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn)cease停止mention說(shuō)到，講到admit承認(rèn)tolerate忍受dislike不喜歡，討厭advocate：提倡，主張complete完成dread可怕appreciate感激，欣賞confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate細(xì)想enjoy享有，喜愛(ài)bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can’thelp不禁delay延遲escape逃跑，逃避can’tstand受不了deny否認(rèn)excuse借口consider考慮detest嫌惡fancy幻想，愛(ài)好favor造成，偏愛(ài)mind介意repent悔悟figure描繪，計(jì)算miss錯(cuò)過(guò)resent怨恨finish完成，結(jié)束不得pardon原諒，饒恕resist抵抗，阻止forgive原諒permit允許resume恢復(fù)imagine設(shè)想postpone延遲，延期risk冒險(xiǎn)involve卷入，包含practise實(shí)行，實(shí)踐suggest建議hate討厭prevent阻止save營(yíng)救，儲(chǔ)蓄keep保持quit放棄停止stand堅(jiān)持，忍受loathe非常討厭，厭惡recall回想例如：Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的差別1）forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事（此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生）2）stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3）remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事(已做)4)regrettodo對(duì)要做的事遺憾regretdoing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾、后悔5）trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法6)meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味著7）goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒(méi)有做完的事情）8）proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建議（做某事）9)like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為；+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念（注)如果這些動(dòng)詞前有should一詞，其后賓語(yǔ)只跟不定式，不能跟動(dòng)名詞。例如：Ishouldliketoseehimtomorrow．10)need,want,deserve+動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎?Youmustremembertoleavetomorrow．你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。Idon’tregrettellingherwhatIthought．我不后悔給她講過(guò)我的想法。(已講過(guò))Iregrettohavetodothis，butIhavenochoice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法。(未做但要做)Youmusttrytobemorecareful．你可要多加小心。Let’strydoingtheworksomeotherway．讓我們?cè)囈辉囉昧硗庖环N辦法來(lái)做這工作。Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeeling．我沒(méi)想要傷害你的感情。Thisillnesswillmean(your)goingtohospital．得了這種病(你)就要進(jìn)醫(yī)院。4．不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別(1）不定式作定語(yǔ)1)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是主謂關(guān)系Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday．昨天他是最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)教室的。ThetraintoarrivewasfromLondon．將要到站的火車(chē)是從倫敦開(kāi)來(lái)的。2)不定式與其所修飾的名詞可能是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Gethimsomethingtoeat．給他拿點(diǎn)兒東西吃。Shehasalotofworktodointhemorning．早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語(yǔ)，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。Ineedapentowritewith．我需要一支筆寫(xiě)字。Thereisnothingtoworryabout．沒(méi)有什么值得發(fā)愁的。4)不定式修飾一些表示方向、原因、時(shí)間、機(jī)會(huì)、權(quán)利等抽象名詞如：ability能力，本領(lǐng)drive趕，駕駛movement運(yùn)動(dòng)，活動(dòng)ambition抱負(fù)，野心effort努力，嘗試need需要，需求campaign戰(zhàn)役，運(yùn)動(dòng)failure失敗，不及格opportunity機(jī)會(huì)chance機(jī)會(huì)force力，壓力，要點(diǎn)promise許諾，希望courage勇氣intention意向，意圖reason理由，原因decision決定method方法，方式light光，光線，亮光determination決心，決定motive動(dòng)機(jī)，目的struggle奮斗，努力，tendency傾向，趨勢(shì)wish希望，愿望，祝愿5）被修飾的名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或next，second,last,only和nota，the等限定詞時(shí)候，只能用不定式。6)不定代詞something,nothing,little,much,alot等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。7）如果其動(dòng)詞要求用不定式做賓語(yǔ)，或者其形容詞要器接不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，則相應(yīng)的名詞一般用不定式做定語(yǔ)。如：tendtodo---tendencytodo；decidetodo=decisiontodo；becurioustodo=curiositytodoHiswishtobuyacarcametrue．他要買(mǎi)輛車(chē)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus．他們放棄這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的決定使我們大吃一驚。Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave．他總是第一個(gè)到來(lái)，最后一個(gè)離去。(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)有下面幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)含意。2)現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或做完(完成)的事。Herushedintotheburninghouse．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother．站在那兒的男孩子是我弟弟。Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom．朝南的房間是我們的教室。Haveyougotyourwatchrepaired?你拿到那個(gè)修好的表了嗎?Heisanadvancedteacher．他是個(gè)先進(jìn)教師。3）下列不及物動(dòng)詞也以過(guò)去分詞形式做定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但不具有被動(dòng)意義，這點(diǎn)要注意：departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-come(3)不定式和分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。例如：DoyouwanttoseethedoctortobesentforfromBeijing?你要見(jiàn)那位將從北京請(qǐng)來(lái)的醫(yī)生嗎？Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要見(jiàn)那位正在辦公室里寫(xiě)病歷的醫(yī)生嗎？5．不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別（1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.他出去后將門(mén)隨手關(guān)上。Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。2）過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果對(duì)這些樹(shù)多關(guān)心一些，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。(2)動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別1)分詞作狀語(yǔ)一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan．他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(伴隨)Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．他們站在路邊為的是談?wù)撨@個(gè)計(jì)劃。(目的)2)分詞作狀語(yǔ)放在句子開(kāi)頭，除表示原因之外有時(shí)表示時(shí)間或條件。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，除了表示目的以外，還表示結(jié)果或原因。Readingattentively，heforgotthetimeforlunch．由于在專(zhuān)心讀書(shū)，他忘了吃午飯的時(shí)間。(原因)Readingcarefully，hefoundsomethinghehadnotknownbefore．他仔細(xì)讀書(shū)時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時(shí)間)Readingcarefully，you'lllearnsomethingnew．只要你仔細(xì)閱讀，你會(huì)學(xué)到一些新的東西。(條件)Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結(jié)果)Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．這男孩個(gè)子不夠高，手伸不到書(shū)架。(結(jié)果)Wearegladtohearthenews．我們很高興聽(tīng)到這消息。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto表示肯定意義b：做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find,hear,see,betold,form,give,make,produce等。c：不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為句子的主語(yǔ)，否則用for引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)。6．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。它在句中可以用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和雙重賓語(yǔ)。如：Whentostarthasnotbeendecided．何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。(主語(yǔ))Idon’tknowwhattodo．我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語(yǔ))Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver．困難在于如何過(guò)河。(表語(yǔ))Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook.我可以告訴你哪里可以買(mǎi)到此書(shū)。（雙重賓語(yǔ)）（注）A.有時(shí)疑問(wèn)詞前可用介詞，如：Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit.我不知道如何做此事。B.動(dòng)詞know后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，只能跟疑問(wèn)詞（如：how,what）+不定式：Whilestillayoungboy,Tomknewtoplaythepianowellandashegrewolder,hewroteoperas,themostfamousofwhichisCarmen.(2)介詞except和but作“只有…，只能…”講時(shí)跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcannothelpbutgettingyourshoeswet.(3)不帶to的不定式1）在表示生理感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞后的不定式不帶to。這類(lèi)詞有：feel覺(jué)得observe注意到，看到overhear聽(tīng)到watch注視listento聽(tīng)perceive察覺(jué)，感知notice注意see看見(jiàn)lookat看hear聽(tīng)Onseeingtheyoungchildfellintothelake，Ericsprangtohisfeet，andwentontherescue.2)另一類(lèi)是某些使役動(dòng)詞，如make,let，have等。如：Lethimdoit.讓他做吧。IwouldhaveyouknowthatIamill．我想要你知道我病了。(注)：①上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如：Hewasseentocome．Theboywasmadetogotobedearly.②在動(dòng)詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如:Hewassurprisedtofindthesheep(to)breakfenceatthisseason．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。3)在donothing／anything／everythingbut(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV．昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒(méi)有干。但是，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是“donothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。Thedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking．醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)。Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent．除了保持沉默以外，他們沒(méi)有別有別的辦法。（4）不定式與動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)1)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為：for+名詞(或代詞賓格)+不定式。例如：Ifounditimpossibleforhimtodothejobalone．我發(fā)現(xiàn)他—個(gè)人干這活是不可能的。(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。例如：Itwaswiseofhimtodothat．他那樣做是明智的。2)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為；①人稱(chēng)代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞；②名詞’s+動(dòng)名詞。例如：Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem．他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。Hedislikeshiswife’sworkinglate．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。3)某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)詞主要有：absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foolish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kindthoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,wicked,wrong等Itisverykindofyoutohelpme．你幫助我太好了。間或也可用for+theretobe表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe）。It’sagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。7．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的有關(guān)句型（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的句型1）Doing...+v.Readingisanart.閱讀是門(mén)藝術(shù)。Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。2)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭沒(méi)有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反對(duì)也沒(méi)有用。Itisagreatfunplayingfootball．打籃球很有趣。Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。3)Itis+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容詞)+doingsth．Itisuselessspeaking.光說(shuō)沒(méi)用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．真高興又遇到了你。ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．開(kāi)這種小車(chē)是浪費(fèi)。4)Thereisno+doing.．.(thereisno表“不可能”)Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo．說(shuō)出他要干什么是不可能的。Thereisnosayingwhatmayhappen.說(shuō)出將要發(fā)生什么是不可能的。5)Thereisnouse(good/point/sense/harm)+doingsth.做某事沒(méi)用(不好/意義/重要性)Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk．牛奶灑了，哭也無(wú)用。6)havedifficulty/trouble/problem+(in)+doinghave作有解時(shí)，后接情感名詞(in可省略)，再接動(dòng)名詞。這類(lèi)詞還有trouble,fun,ahardtime,agoodtime.例如：Wehaddifficulty(in)carryingouttheplan．我們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有困難。7)feellike+名詞感覺(jué)像動(dòng)名詞“想要”=wouldliketo+原形動(dòng)詞Ifeellikeanewbornbaby．我感覺(jué)像一個(gè)新生的嬰兒。Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看電影嗎?Idon'tfeellikestudyingtonight．今晚我不想讀書(shū)。8)spend/wastetimedoingsth.Theyspentalottime(in)makingpreparations．他們花了許多時(shí)間作準(zhǔn)備。9)在require后只能用動(dòng)名詞，不能用不定式，盡管表示被動(dòng)的意思也要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式。Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare．這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要仔細(xì)研究。10）cannothelpdoingsth.忍不?。ㄗ鍪裁矗㊣cannothelplaughing,onceIseejohninthatbigtrouser.(2)有關(guān)分詞句型1)在表示感覺(jué)和心里狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch這類(lèi)表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞之后常跟“賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種動(dòng)詞與分詞之間的賓語(yǔ)可以是普通名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~(人各等)，也可以是代詞賓格(him，us等)。例如：Shesmeltsomethingburningandsawsmokerising．她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來(lái)了。Iwatchedthemrehearsingtheplay．我看他們排演戲。Icouldfeelthewindblowingonmyface．我能感覺(jué)到風(fēng)在我臉上吹過(guò)。2)表示“致使”等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Icaughtthemstealingmyapples．我抓住他們偷我的蘋(píng)果。Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary，she'llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會(huì)憤怒的。Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。3)go+現(xiàn)在分詞表示“從事…”之意，這時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶(hù)外活動(dòng)。如：jogging慢跑，fishing釣魚(yú)，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保齡球，shopping購(gòu)物，sightseeing游覽，camping露營(yíng)。I’llgocampingtomorrow．我明天去露營(yíng)。I’llgoshopping．我去商店。Wouldyouliketogoskatingwithme?你想和我去溜冰嗎?4)bebusy+v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)忙著做…Iambusywritingmythesis．我正忙著寫(xiě)論文。Hisassistantisbusy(in)correctingpapers．他的助教忙于批閱考卷?；蛘遙ebusywith+n.忙著做某事。Heisbusywithhiswork．他忙著工作。5)Whatdoyousayto+ing分詞?(……怎么樣?)Whatdoyousaytojoiningusfordinner?和我們一起進(jìn)餐，你看怎么樣?（3）有關(guān)動(dòng)詞不定式句型下面這些詞組是不定式的習(xí)慣用法，只能用不定式形式。cannothelpbutdo,cannotbutdo,cannotchoosebutdo,candonothingbutdo,havenochoice/alternativetodoWhenIconsiderhowtalentedheisasapainter,Icannothelpbutbelievethatthepublicwillappreciatehisgift.(4)therebe的非謂語(yǔ)形式therebe非謂語(yǔ)形式可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。(其中作賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)在1991年和1994年測(cè)試過(guò)，定語(yǔ)見(jiàn)1996年題10。)Thestudentsexpectedtheretobemorereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams．(作賓語(yǔ)如1991年題30)1)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用theretobe結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用therebeing。能這樣用的及物動(dòng)詞為：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：Wedon'twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind，我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere．我們并不反對(duì)在這里開(kāi)會(huì)。Itisn'tenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight，soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquitesafely．(作狀語(yǔ))2)作狀語(yǔ)多用therebeing結(jié)構(gòu)，但若置于介詞之后，for用theretobe整個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作程度狀語(yǔ)，其它多半用therebeing。Therebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself．由于附近沒(méi)有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。(原因狀語(yǔ))It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup．太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。(作程度狀語(yǔ))Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thegroundwasverydry．因?yàn)楹瞄L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因狀語(yǔ))3)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以，但如是用for引導(dǎo)則要用theretobe。Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung．老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問(wèn)題是很常見(jiàn)的。Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers．幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對(duì)女教師十分方便。4)作定語(yǔ)。Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為therebe，there之前的關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如：Thisisthefastesttrain(that)thereistoNanking．這是到南京的最快一班車(chē)。ImustmakefulluseofthetimethereislefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople．我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。目標(biāo)測(cè)試1.______inthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttimeisreallyahardnut．A．TomakehighscoresB．MakinghighscoresC．TomakelowgoalD．Makinglowgoal2.Ifound________toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven．A．nopossibilityB．therewasimpossibilityC．impossibleD．itimpossible3.Thestudentsexpectedthere_____morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams．A．isB．beingC．havebeenD．tobe4.You’regoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractise______Englishasmuchaspossible.A.speakB.tospeakC.speakingD.Speakabout5.Ifwedon’tstartoutnow,wemustrisk______thetrain.A.missBmissingC.beingmissedDtomiss6.Theflexibilityoffilmallowstheartist_______unstrainedimaginationtotheanimationofcartooncharacters.A．tobringB．briningC．isbroughtD．brings7.Althoughthelecturehadalreadybeenonforfiveminutes，Istillwasnotabletofindachair____.A.tositB．fortositonC．tositonD．forsitting8.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggereffort______her?A．pleaseB．pleasedC．topleaseD．havingpleased9.Lotsofemptybootswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut______.A.drinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drunk10.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported___twenty-fiveyearsagewhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup11.Iheardhim__thedoorA.lockingB.tolockC.lockD.beinglocking12.Hedoesnothingbut___A.complainingB.tocomplainingC.complainD.tocomplain13.Thestudentsexpectedthere___morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.A.isB.beingChavebeenD.tobe14.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper___inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.toberobbedB.robbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.havingbeenrobbed15.Iappreciated______theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.A.havingbeengivenB.havingbeenC.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven16.Thereisnopoint___further.A.argueB.toargueC.arguingD.beingarguing17.Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfree,owingtoitsalways___withotherelements,mostcommonlywithoxygen.A.combinedB.havingcombinedC.combineD.beingcombined18.Theystopped___,butnowI’mgettinginterested.A.listeningB.tolistenC.listenD.havinglistening19.Iamsorrytohearthatyouresorted___A.tocheatB.tocheatingC.cheatingD.cheat20.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,___insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.A.beingconsideredB.considering.C.tobeconsideredD.havingconsidered21.___oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimberupanddriftedtotheSouth.A.TobefreeB.FreeingC.TofreeD.Freed22.___exceptions,therulemaystand.A.AllowforB.AllowingforC.ToallowD.Toallowfor23.Allflights___becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled24.Johnpaintedhersittinginachairwithherhands___A.foldingB.tohavefoldedC.tofoldD.folded25.It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges___placeinourever-changingworld.A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.taken26.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime__thelastbus.A.tohavecaughtB.tocatchC.catchingD.havingcaught27.Ihavegotaloafofbread;nowI’mlookingforaknife____.A.tocutitwithB.tocutwithitC.withittocutD.ittocutwith28.ThefunctionofLouisSullivan’sarchitecturewas___largeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.A.toprovideB.providingChavingprovidingDprovide29.Hisvictoryinthefinalwasnomore____thanIhadexpected.A.convincingB.convincedC.toconvinceD.beingconvincing30.Irecommendyou___whathesays.A.doB.doingC.todoD.todoing31.Howabout____there?A.togoB.goC.goingD.togoing32.Heisan___teacher.A.advancingB.advancedCbeingadvancingDadvance33.ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanforhavingpromotedseatravel,thatman___princeHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.A.wasB.beingC.isD.havingbeen34.Ihavenoideaof___it.A.todoB.howtodoC.whattodoD.todoing35.Onseeingtheyoungchild___intothelake,Johnsprangtohisfeet,andwenttotherescue.A.fellB.fallC.fallingDtofall36Wedon’twant____anycomradeslaggingbehind.A.therebeingB.theretobeingC.theretobeD.thereis37.Imustmakefulluseofthetime___lefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.A.therebeingB.thereisC.thereareD.theretobe38.Itisnotuncommonfor____problemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.A.theretobeB.therebeingCtheretobeingD.therebe39.Revolutionmeans___theproductiveforces.A.toliberate.B.tohaveliberatedC.liberatingD.havingbeingliberated40．Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each____onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makeB.madeC.istomakeD.making標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：1-5ADDCD6-10ACCAC11-15CCDCA16-20CDBBA21-25DBDDA26-30BAAAC31-35CBBBB36-40CBACD1.Ican'tunderstand_____adecisionuntilitistoolate.a.himtopostponetomakeb.hispostponingtomakec.hispostponingmakingd.hispostponemaking正確答案為：C2.Never_____faithinhimself,JamesWaltwentonwithhisexperiment.a.losingb.tolostc.lostd.tobelost正確答案為：A3.Heissaid_____onthesubjectforyears.a.havingbeenworkingb.tohavebeenworkingc.havingworkedd.towork正確答案為：B4.Thetemperature_____,thechemicalreactionisbeingspeededup.a.risingb.raisingc.beingrisend.raisen正確答案為：A5.Havingnomoneybut_____toknow,hesimplysaidhewouldgowithoutdinner.a.nottohaveanyoneb.notwantinganyonec.wantednooned.towantnoone正確答案為：B6.Theteacherdoesn'tpermit_____inclass.a.smokeb.tosmokec.smokingd.tohaveasmoke正確答案為：C7.Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower_____.a.toerectb.beerectedc.erectingd.beingerected正確答案為：D8._____withthesizeofwholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.a.Whencomparedb.Comparec.Whilecomparingd.Comparing正確答案為：A9.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme_____ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.a.tobeinformedb.oninformingrmedrming正確答案為：C10.Iwouldappreciate_____itasecret.a.yourkeepingb.youtokeepc.thatyoukeepd.thatyouwillkeep正確答案為：A11.Herushedintotheroom,hisface_____withsweat.a.wascoveredb.coveredc.tobecoveredd.covering正確答案為：B12.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed_____blownoffthemountain.a.tohavebeenb.tobec.thatitwasd.thatithadbeen正確答案為：A非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞綜合練習(xí)一1.Couldyoutellmethewayyou'vethoughtof___?A.todoitB.doingitC.doitD.hastodoit2.I'lldowhateverIcan___myEnglish.A.improveB.toimproveC.improveingD.toimproving3.TheJapanesetooktheislandfromtheBritish,only___theAmericanstwoyearslater.A.toloseittoB.lostbyC.tolosebyD.tobelostby4.Shespoketooquitely____.A.formetohearherB.tometohearherC.formetobeheardD.tometobeheard5.Itiscareless___thesamemistakesinyourcomposition.A.foryoutomakeB.foryoumakingC.ofyoutomakeD.ofyoumaking6.I'vedecidedtodowhatIlike___.A./B.toC.todoD.doing7.Myparentsencouragedmetobeadoctor,butIdidn't____.A.wantB.wanttoC./D.do8.---Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?---No,butsometimes,IwishI___.A.hadtimetoB.hadtimetodoC.havetimetoD.havetime9.Tomhated___fun___theblacksmith.A.beingmade;ofB.tobemade;ofbyC.tomake;ofbyD.making;to10.It'sagreathonour___presentatthismeeting.A.forustobeB.forustoC.ofustobeD.forourbeing11.I'mhungry.Getmesomething____.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.foreating12.Tosomepeople,popularmusicis___,becauseitisnottotheirtaste.A.pleasanttohearB.pleasanttobeheardC.unpleasanttohearD.unpleasanttobeheard13.I'dratherstayherethan_____withyou.A.wentB.goingC.goD.togo14.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding15.I'dratherhe__tomorrowafternoon.A.willcomeB.comesC.comingD.came16.Theboywouldrather__thesmallonethanthebigone.A.takeB.totakeC.takingD.taken17.Healwaysknows___intouchwithme.A.togetB.gettingC.howgettingD.wheretoget18.Shecan'timagine___fishingbyherself.A.goingtoB.togoC.goingD.ofgoing19.Haveyougotused___here?A.tolivingB.toliveC.livingD.atliving20.Mostofthemobjected____insuchahurry.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.toleaving21.___willhelpalot.A.HecomingB.HiscomeC.HiscomingD.Himcoming22.Whodidtheteacher___thearticle?A.havewrittenB.haswriteC.haswrittenD.havewrite23.Doyoufeellike__awalkwithmeaftersupper?A.havingB.tohaveC.hadD.have24.Hewrotemealetter,___mehistroubleandheaskedmeforadvice.A.tellB.tellingC.toldD.totell25.Helookedathisbookwitha___expression;perhapshemetwitha_____problem.A.puzzled;puzzledB.puzzling;puzzlingC.puzzling;puzzledD.puzzled;puzzling26.Thelittlegirlwas__atthe___dog.A.frightenning;frightenedB.frightened;frighteningC.frightened;frightenedD.frightening;frightening27.Theproblem___tomorrowisveryserious.A.beingdiscussedB.discussedC.tobediscussedD.willbediscussed28.---Haveyouanything___there?---No,I'llgotheremyself.Thankyoujustthesame.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.totakenD.whichshouldbetaken29._______,DoctorSmithsmiledwithgreatsatisfaction.A.TheoperationbeingoverB.TheoperationhavingdoneC.FinishedtheoperationD.Toendtheope