湖南省部分學(xué)校2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語試題 含解析

高三英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howmanybookscanapersonborrowatmost?A.Seven.B.Eight.C.Eleven.2.Whatisthemandoing?A.Checkinghisbag.B.Lookingforhisbelongings.C.Catchingaplane.3.Whyshouldthespeakerscelebrateaccordingtotheman?A.Foranewmovie.B.Forthewoman'sreturn.C.Forthewoman'spromotion.4.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inanoffice.B.Inashoppingmall.C.Attheseaside.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtokeepahealthydiet.B.Whattheyhaveforbreakfast.C.Theimportanceofdrinkingmilk.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Calloffareservation.B.Askforsomeinformation.C.Makeanappointment.7.Whatdoesthemanneedthewomantoprovide?A.Thespecificreason.B.Herpersonalinformation.C.Someextramoney.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthecake?AQuitesatisfactory.B.Tooexpensive.C.Abitdisappointing.9.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$80.B.$96.C.$112.10.Howwillthemanpay?A.Bycheck.B.Bycreditcard.C.Incash.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.HowdoesAlicesound?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Patient.12.WhatdidTomdolastnight?A.HeinvitedAlicetoaparty.B.Heattendedaparty.C.HetriedtocolorAlice'shair.13.WhatdoesAllensuggestAlicedo?A.Watchthetime.B.Gostraighttothehairdresser's.C.Makeaphonecall.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whoarethespeakersmostprobably?A.Students.B.Governmentofficials.C.Educationalexperts.15.WhydomanystudentsfailinEnglishinthepublicexamination?A.Thenewtestingmethodisn'tpracticalforthem.B.Thereisashortageoftrainedandskilledteachers.C.Thetextbookistoodifficult.16.What'stheman'ssuggestion?A.Givingsufficienttrainingtotheteachers.B.TeachingEnglishindifferentclassrooms.C.Makingsurethetextbookissuitableforstudents.17.What'sthewoman'sattitudetowardtheman'ssolutions?A.Disapproving.B.Appreciative.C.Unclear.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Disadvantagesofusingemailindailylife.B.Advantagesofusingemailatwork.C.Waysofusingemailmoreefficientlyatwork.19.Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletodo?A.Turnoffthecomputer.B.Checkemailthreetimesaday.C.Readalltheemailmessagesatonce.20.Howcanpeoplejudgewhichmessagestoanswerrightaway?A.Byhavingaquicklookatthesubjects.B.Byreadingthewholemessage.C.Bylookingthroughthesendersofmessages.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWhenstudentswriteforteachers,itcanfeellikeanassignment.Whentheywriteforarealpurpose,theyareempowered!Student-writingcontestsareachallengingandinspiringwaytotrywritingforanauthenticaudience.JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContestThisannualcontestinvitesstudentstowriteaboutapoliticalofficial’sactofpoliticalcouragethatoccurredafterKennedy’sbirthin1917.Thewinnerreceives$10,000,and16runners-upalsoreceiveavarietyofcashprizes.Studentsmaysubmita700—to1,000—wordessaythroughOctober12.Theessaymustfeaturemorethanfivesourcesandafullbibliography(參考書目).ThePrincetonTen—MinutePlayContestLookingforstudentwritingcontestsfornewplaywrights?Thisexclusivecompetition,whichisopenonlytohighschooljuniors,isjudgedbythetheaterstaffofPrincetonUniversity.Studentssubmitshortplaysinanefforttowinrecognitionandcashprizesofupto$500.(Note:Onlyopento11thgraders.)Studentssubmitone10playscript(劇本)onlineorbymail.ThedeadlineistheendofSeptember.BenningtonYoungWritersAwardsBenningtonCollegeofferscompetitionsinthreecategories:poetry(agroupofthreepoems),fiction(ashortstoryorone—actplay),andnonfiction(apersonaloracademicessay).First-placewinnersreceive$500.Grabaposterforyourclassroomhere.StudentscansubmittheirworksbeforeNovember15.Thewebsitelinkstoastudentregistrationform.NancyThorpPoetryContestThedeadlineforthiscontestistheendofOctober.SponsoredbyHollinsUniversity,theNancyThorpPoetryContestawardsprizesforthebestpoemssubmittedbyyoungwomenwhoaresophomoresorjuniorsinhighschoolorpreparatoryschool.Prizesincludecashandscholarships.WinnersarechosenbystudentsandstaffmembersinthecreativewritingprogramatHollins.Studentsmaysubmiteitheroneortwopoemsonline.1.HowmanycontestantswillwinprizesinJohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest?A.1. B.5. C.16. D.17.2.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBenningtonYoungWritersAwards?A.Itoffersthehighestcashprize. B.Itsentriesshouldfeaturefivecategories.C.Ithasthelatestdeadline. D.Itsentrieswillbejudgedbyprofessionals.3Whichofthefollowingisaimedatfemalepoemlovers?A.NancyThorpPoetryContest. B.BenningtonYoungWritersAwards.C.ThePrincetonTen-MinutePlayContest. D.JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾個適合學(xué)生參加的寫作比賽?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest部分中“Thewinnerreceives$10,000,and16runners-upalsoreceiveavarietyofcashprizes.(獲勝者將獲得1萬美元獎金，16名亞軍還將獲得各種現(xiàn)金獎勵)”可知，該比賽共有17位參賽者最終會獲獎。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JohnF.KennedyProfileinCourageEssayContest部分中“Studentsmaysubmita700—to1,000—wordessaythroughOctober12.(學(xué)生可以在10月12日之前提交一篇700到1000字的論文)”；ThePrincetonTen—MinutePlayContest部分中“ThedeadlineistheendofSeptember.(截止日期是九月底)”；BenningtonYoungWritersAwards部分中“StudentscansubmittheirworksbeforeNovember15.(學(xué)生可以在11月15日之前提交作品)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“ThedeadlineforthiscontestistheendofOctober.(本次比賽的截止日期是十月底)”可知，BenningtonYoungWritersAwards的最終截止日期是最晚的。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NancyThorpPoetryContest部分中“SponsoredbyHollinsUniversity,theNancyThorpPoetryContestawardsprizesforthebestpoemssubmittedbyyoungwomenwhoaresophomoresorjuniorsinhighschoolorpreparatoryschool.(南?！に髌赵姼璐筚愑苫袅炙勾髮W(xué)主辦，對高中或預(yù)科學(xué)校二年級或三年級的年輕女性提交的最佳詩歌進行獎勵)”可知，該比賽的對象是喜歡詩歌的女性。故選A。BOseiBoateng,whogrewupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana,watchedmanyofhisfamilymembersandneighborsstruggletoaccessbasichealthcare.Inmanyregionsofthecountry,peoplespendhoursgettingtothenearesthospital.Drivenbyastrongsenseofurgencytolendahand,Boatengestablishedhisnon-profitorganization,theOKBHopeFoundation.In2021,heturnedavanintoamobiledoctor’sofficeandstartedbringinghealthcaredirectlytothoseinneed.Afewtimesaweek,themobileclinicandmedicalteamtravellongdistancestoremotecommunitiesinGhanaandprovidefreeroutinemedicalcare.Inthevan,theycanrunbasiclabslikebloodworkaswellasprovidemedications.Sinceitwasestablished,themobileclinichasservedmorethan4,000citizensacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcareandhasgotmuchpraise.“Iamveryimpressedbytheservicetheyprovide,andthatisthebestchanceforusruralpeopletogetthetreatmentwewant,”saidAbraham,oneofBoateng’sneighbors.Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsigns,suchasbloodpressureandglucose(葡萄糖)levels,andprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.Inthefuture,Boatengwantstobroadenthereachofhiseffortstodelivermedicalservices,notonlytoGhana’sremoteregionsbutalsotoothernationsacrosstheglobe.“IbelievethatourmodelcanbecopiedinSub-SaharanAfrica,”hesaid.“So,thegoalistoreallydevelopstrategicpartnershipsandgetadditionalmobilehealthvansforthecommunitiesortheregionsthatwewanttoserve.”4.WhatmotivatedBoatengtolaunchtheOKBHopeFoundation?A.Thedreamofimpressinghisfamilymembersandneighbors.B.ThehopeofcreatingjobsformedicalprofessionalsinGhana.C.Thebarriertobasichealthcareinhiscommunity.D.Thedrivetoraisepeople’sawarenessofhealth.5.WhydoestheauthormentionAbrahaminparagraph4?A.Toshowthemobileclinichasservedmanypeople.B.Toimplythepositiveimpactofthemobileclinic.C.Tojudgetheserviceprovidedbythemobileclinic.D.Todescribethecurrentsituationofthecitizens.6.Whatroledothelocalhealthadvocatesplay?A.Theyassistpatientstogettheirmedicine.B.Theyhelpthedoctorstoanalyzedata.C.Theykeepthemedicalfacilitiesingoodcondition.D.Theyexaminethepatientsbeforefurthertreatment.7.WhatisBoateng’slong-termvisionfortheOKBHopeFoundation?A.Toexpandthemobileclinicservicebeyondhiscountry.B.Toworkwithothernationstopromotehisorganization.C.ToestablishanationalhealthinsurancesysteminGhana.D.TobuildalargehospitalineveryruralcommunityinGhana.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。在加納南部的一個小村莊長大的OseiBoateng，創(chuàng)辦了他的非營利組織OKBHopeFoundation，并將一輛面包車改裝成移動醫(yī)生辦公室，開始直接為有需要的人提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OseiBoateng,whogrewupinasmallvillageinsouthernGhana,watchedmanyofhisfamilymembersandneighborsstruggletoaccessbasichealthcare.Inmanyregionsofthecountry,peoplespendhoursgettingtothenearesthospital.(奧塞·博阿滕在加納南部的一個小村莊長大，目睹了他的許多家人和鄰居難以獲得基本的醫(yī)療保健。在這個國家的許多地區(qū)，人們要花幾個小時才能到最近的醫(yī)院)”以及第二段“Drivenbyastrongsenseofurgencytolendahand,Boatengestablishedhisnon-profitorganization,theOKBHopeFoundation.(出于一種強烈的伸出援助之手的緊迫感，博阿滕建立了他的非營利組織——OKB希望基金會)”可知，他所在社區(qū)獲得基本保健面臨障礙促使博阿滕發(fā)起OKB希望基金會。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Sinceitwasestablished,themobileclinichasservedmorethan4,000citizensacrossmorethan45ruralcommunitieswhootherwisedon’thaveeasilyaccessiblemedicalcareandhasgotmuchpraise.“Iamveryimpressedbytheservicetheyprovide,andthatisthebestchanceforusruralpeopletogetthetreatmentwewant,”saidAbraham,oneofBoateng’sneighbors.(自成立以來，流動診所已經(jīng)為45多個農(nóng)村社區(qū)的4000多名市民提供了服務(wù)，這些人本來就無法獲得醫(yī)療服務(wù)，并得到了很多好評。博阿滕的鄰居亞伯拉罕說:“他們提供的服務(wù)給我留下了深刻的印象，這是我們農(nóng)村人獲得治療的最好機會。)”可知，作者在第4段提到亞伯拉罕是為了暗示流動診所的積極影響。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Boateng’sorganizationhasalsotrained20volunteerstoserveaslocalhealthadvocates.Theycheckpeople’svitalsigns,suchasbloodpressureandglucose(葡萄糖)levels,andprovidethemedicalteamwithtimelydataforassessinghowtomoveforwardwithcareandtreatment,especiallyforthosewhosehealthisatrisk.(博阿滕的組織還培訓(xùn)了20名志愿者擔(dān)任當(dāng)?shù)氐慕】党珜?dǎo)者。他們檢查病人的生命體征，如血壓和血糖水平，并為醫(yī)療團隊提供及時的數(shù)據(jù)，以評估如何推進護理和治療，特別是對那些健康處于危險中的人)”可知，健康倡導(dǎo)者在病人接受進一步治療之前先給他們做一些簡單的檢查，并將數(shù)據(jù)提供給醫(yī)生。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Inthefuture,Boatengwantstobroadenthereachofhiseffortstodelivermedicalservices,notonlytoGhana’sremoteregionsbutalsotoothernationsacrosstheglobe.(在未來，博阿滕希望擴大他的努力范圍，提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)，不僅到加納的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)，而且到全球其他國家)”可知，博阿滕對OKBHopeFoundation的愿景是將移動醫(yī)療室的服務(wù)擴展到國外。故選A。CBabieslessthanayearoldcancombinesimpleconceptsintocomplexideas,showingthatcreativitybeginsinbabyhood.AccordingtonewresearchattheCentralEuropeanUniversity(CEU),babiesarenotonlycapableofcreativethinkingwellbeforestartingtospeak,butthissortofthinkingmaybeessentialforlanguageacquisition(習(xí)得).Inthestudy,theresearcherssetouttoexploretheoriginsofhumancreativityandproductivethinkingtotrytofindouthowpeoplearriveatcompletelynewthoughtsandideas.Thebasicmechanismfordoingthisistakingfamiliarconceptsandcombiningthemintonewstructures,butlittleisknownabouthowearlyinlifetheseabilitiescanbeused.Theresearchersfoundthatbabieswereabletoveryquicklylearnnewwordsthatdepictsmallquantities—animpressiveachievement—andcombinethesespontaneously(自發(fā)地)withfamiliarwordstofullyunderstandaphrase.Inthestudy,theresearchersstartedbyteachingthebabiestwonewwords:“mize”,tomean“one”,and“padu”,tomean“two”.Thenthebabieswereaskedtocombinethesenewnumberwordswithdifferentobjectnames,forexample,toidentify“paduducks”fromamongagroupofimages.Byteachingnewwords,theresearcherswereabletotestthebabies’abilitytocombineconceptsinrealtime,ratherthansimplyrecallcombinationsofwordsthattheyalreadyknewfrompreviousexperience.Byusingeye-trackingtechnologytomonitorwherethebabieslook,theresearcherswereabletoshowthatthebabiescouldsuccessfullycombinethetwoconceptstounderstandwhattheywerebeingaskedabout.Leadresearcher,DrBarbaraPomiechowskaattheCEU,said,“Forbabies,thisabilitytocombinedifferentconceptsislikelytohelpnotonlytointerpretthecomplexlanguageinput,butalsotolearnaboutdifferentaspectsofthephysicalandsocialworld.”8.Whatcanweknowaboutbabies’creativethinking?A.Itdevelopsafterbabies’languageskills. B.Itdeterminesbabies’intelligence.C.Itiskeytolanguagelearning. D.Itwilldisappearwithtime.9.Whatistheprimarygoalofthestudy?A.Toassessbabies’capabilityofcreativethinking.B.Tostudythewaynewthoughtsandideasareformed.C.Tofindouthowmanynewwordsbabiescanlearn.DToexploretheoriginsofbabies’languageacquisition.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depict”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Describe. B.Demand. C.Replace. D.Compare.11.Howdidtheresearcherstestbabies’conceptcombination?A.Bytrackingtheirphysicalactions. B.Bymeasuringtheirbrainactivity.C.Byobservingtheireyemovements. D.Byanalyzingtheirlanguageability.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要說明了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一歲以下的嬰兒可以將簡單的概念組合成復(fù)雜的想法，這表明創(chuàng)造力始于嬰兒時期?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AccordingtonewresearchattheCentralEuropeanUniversity(CEU),babiesarenotonlycapableofcreativethinkingwellbeforestartingtospeak,butthissortofthinkingmaybeessentialforlanguageacquisition(習(xí)得).(根據(jù)中歐大學(xué)（CEU）的一項新研究，嬰兒不僅在開始說話之前就有創(chuàng)造性思維的能力，而且這種思維對語言習(xí)得可能是必不可少的。)”可知，創(chuàng)造性思維對于兒童的語言發(fā)展很關(guān)鍵。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthestudy,theresearcherssetouttoexploretheoriginsofhumancreativityandproductivethinkingtotrytofindouthowpeoplearriveatcompletelynewthoughtsandideas.(在這項研究中，研究人員著手探索人類創(chuàng)造力和高效思維的起源，試圖找出人們是如何產(chǎn)生全新的思想和想法的。)”可知，這項研究的主要目的是研究新思想和觀念形成的方式。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“andcombinethesespontaneously(自發(fā)地)withfamiliarwordstofullyunderstandaphrase(并將這些單詞與熟悉的單詞自發(fā)地結(jié)合起來，以完全理解一個短語)”可知，研究人員在實驗過程中教授嬰兒兩個新單詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒能夠很快地學(xué)會描述小數(shù)量的新單詞，將這些單詞與熟悉的單詞自發(fā)地結(jié)合起來，以完全理解一個短語。故劃線詞depict表示“描述”。故選A?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Byusingeye-trackingtechnologytomonitorwherethebabieslook,theresearcherswereabletoshowthatthebabiescouldsuccessfullycombinethetwoconceptstounderstandwhattheywerebeingaskedabout.(通過使用眼動追蹤技術(shù)來監(jiān)測嬰兒看的地方，研究人員能夠證明嬰兒能夠成功地將這兩個概念結(jié)合起來，以理解他們被問到的問題)”可知，研究人員通過觀察他們的眼球運動測試嬰兒的概念組合。故選C。DThepossibilityofhydrogen-poweredflightmeansgreateropportunitiesforfossil-freetravel,andthetechnologicaladvancestomakethishappenaremovingfast.NewstudiesfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology,inSweden,showthatalmostallairtravelwithina750-mileradius(1,200km)couldbemadewithhydrogen-poweredaircraftby2045,andwithanovelheatexchangercurrentlyindevelopment,thisrangecouldbeevenfurther.“Ifeverythingfallsintoplace,thecommercializationofhydrogenflightcangoreallyfastnow.Asearlyas2028,thefirstcommercialhydrogenflightsinSwedencouldbeintheair,”saysTomasGr?nstedt,professoratChalmersUniversityofTechnology.SomeofthesetechnologicaladvancescanbeseeninsidetheChalmerswindtunnels,whereresearcherstestairflowconditionsincutting-edgefacilities.Here,moreenergy-efficientenginesarebeingdevelopedthatpavethewayforsafeandefficienthydrogenflightforheavy-dutyvehicles.Heatexchangersareavitalpartofhydrogenflight,andtheyareakeypartofthetechnologicaladvancestakingplace.Tokeepthefuelsystemslightweight,thehydrogenneedstobeinliquidform.Thismeansthatthehydrogeniskeptsupercoolintheaircraft,typicallyaround-250degreesCelsius.Byrecoveringheatfromthehotexhaustsofthejetengines,andbycoolingtheenginesinstrategiclocationstheybecomemoreefficient.Totransfertheheatbetweenthesupercoolhydrogenandtheengine,noveltypesofheatexchangersareneeded.Tomeetthischallenge,researchersatChalmershavebeenworkingforseveralyearstodevelopacompletelynewtypeofheatexchangers.Thetechnologytakesadvantageofhydrogen’slowstoragetemperaturetocoolengineparts,andthenuseswasteheatfromtheexhaustgasestopreheatthefuelseveralhundreddegreesbeforeitisinjectedintothecombustionchamber(燃燒室).12.Whatmaybeaneffectofhydrogen-poweredflightmentionedinthetext?A.Makingairtravelmoreaffordable. B.Reducingairpollutionsignificantly.C.Increasingthespeedofaircraftsharply. D.Providingmorecomfortableflights.13.WhatisTomas’attitudetowardsthefutureofhydrogen-poweredflight?A.Unfavorable. B.Dismissive. C.Unclear. D.Positive.14.Whatisthemainfunctionofthenoveltypeofheatexchangers?A.Tocoolthehydrogentoitsliquidstate. B.Toreleaseheatfromtheenginestotheair.C.Toincreasetheefficiencyofthejetengines. D.Tohelpwasteheatgetintothecombustionchamber.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KeytoHydrogen-PoweredFlight:HeatExchangerTechnologyB.TheFutureofFossil-FreeTravel:Hydrogen-PoweredFlightC.TakingHydrogen-PoweredFlight:OvercomingMoreChallengesD.Hydrogen-PoweredFlight:ReadyforTake-offwithNewAdvances【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了氫動力飛行的可能性以及相關(guān)的技術(shù)進展，特別是熱交換器在其中的關(guān)鍵作用。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Thepossibilityofhydrogen-poweredflightmeansgreateropportunitiesforfossil-freetravel,andthetechnologicaladvancestomakethishappenaremovingfast.NewstudiesfromChalmersUniversityofTechnology,inSweden,showthatalmostallairtravelwithina750-mileradius(1,200km)couldbemadewithhydrogen-poweredaircraftby2045,andwithanovelheatexchangercurrentlyindevelopment,thisrangecouldbeevenfurther.(氫動力飛行的可能性意味著無化石燃料旅行的更大機會，而實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的技術(shù)進步正在迅速發(fā)展。瑞典查爾姆斯理工大學(xué)的一項新研究表明，到2045年，幾乎所有半徑為750英里（1200公里）的航空旅行都可以用氫動力飛機完成，而且隨著一種新型熱交換器的開發(fā)，這一范圍可能會更遠(yuǎn))”可知，氫動力飛行的可能性意味著無化石燃料旅行的更多機會，即氫動力飛行的發(fā)展能大大減少對化石燃料的需求，由此可推知，氫動力飛行的發(fā)展會大大降低空氣污染。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifeverythingfallsintoplace,thecommercializationofhydrogenflightcangoreallyfastnow.Asearlyas2028,thefirstcommercialhydrogenflightsinSwedencouldbeintheair(如果一切順利，氫能飛行的商業(yè)化將會非常迅速。最早在2028年，瑞典的第一批商業(yè)氫飛機可能會在空中飛行)”可知，Tomas對氫動力飛行的未來的態(tài)度是樂觀的。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Byrecoveringheatfromthehotexhaustsofthejetengines,andbycoolingtheenginesinstrategiclocationstheybecomemoreefficient.Totransfertheheatbetweenthesupercoolhydrogenandtheengine,noveltypesofheatexchangersareneeded.(通過從噴氣發(fā)動機的熱廢氣中回收熱量，并在戰(zhàn)略位置冷卻發(fā)動機，它們變得更有效率。為了在過冷氫氣和發(fā)動機之間傳遞熱量，需要新型的熱交換器)”以及第五段“Tomeetthischallenge,researchersatChalmershavebeenworkingforseveralyearstodevelopacompletelynewtypeofheatexchangers.(為了應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)，查爾默斯大學(xué)的研究人員已經(jīng)花了幾年的時間來開發(fā)一種全新的熱交換器)”可推知，新的交換器可以提高發(fā)動機的效率。故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thepossibilityofhydrogen-poweredflightmeansgreateropportunitiesforfossil-freetravel,andthetechnologicaladvancestomakethishappenaremovingfast.(氫動力飛行的可能性意味著無化石燃料旅行的更大機會，而實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的技術(shù)進步正在迅速發(fā)展)”結(jié)合文章介紹了氫動力飛行的可能性以及相關(guān)的技術(shù)進展，特別是熱交換器在其中的關(guān)鍵作用。D選項“氫動力飛行：新進展助力起飛”符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyou’reshywithsocialanxietyherearesomewaysforyoutomakefriends.____16____Whenyouhavesocialanxiety,youmaysecond-guessthethingsyousayorassumeeveryoneisjudgingyou.Tomanageyouranxietyandstartmakingfriends,trytoputthosenegativethoughtstorest.Swapoutthemwithpositivethoughtssothatyoucangetbacktotheconversationathandandreallymakeaconnection.Faceyourfearsonestepatime.It’sokayifyou’renotreadytogotoamassivepartybyyourselfrightoffthebat.Instead,trymakingsmallbutmeaningfulstepsforward,suchasidentifyingsomegoalsyou’dliketohit.____17____Gradually,you’llnoticethatthemoreyoufaceyourfears,themorecomfortableyou’llbetalkingwithnewpeople.Acceptanysocialinvitationthatcomesyourway.____18____Itmaybetoughatfirst,butmakingfriendsinvolvestakingsomerisksandsteppingoutofyourcomfortzone.Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutohangoutorgotoaneventandyou’reatallinterestedinbeingtheirfriend,seizetheopportunityandjointhem!Initiateplansandaskpeopletohangout.Showpeoplethatyouwanttogettoknowthembetter.Whilethismightseemchallenging,rememberthatpartofmakingconnectionswithothersinvolvestakingtheinitiativetomakeplansyourself.Youneverknow,yournewneighbors,coworkers,andclassmatesmayalsobeshyoranxious.____19____Trytokeepanopenmindaboutnewpeoplewhenfirstmakingfriends.Youmightthinkyoudon’thaveanythingincommonwithsomeone,buttheymaysurpriseyouonceyougettoknowthem.Ifyou’renotfeelingitoryoustarttogetsuperanxiousduringthehangout,don’tbetoohardonyourself.____20____Anddon’tforgettocongratulateyourselfformakingprogressandkeeptrying!A.Trytospendtimewithpeopleevenifitmakesyounervous.B.Replaceyournegativethoughtswithpositiveones.C.Beawareoftheharmfuleffectofnegativethoughts.D.Then,youcanpushyourselftoachievethemeachday.E.They’llbehappytohearthatyouwanttospendtimewiththem.F.Beingshydoespreventyoufromtakingopportunitiestomakefriends.G.It’sokaytopolitelyexcuseyourselfandthankthemfortheircompany.【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些針對社交焦慮的交友方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Whenyouhavesocialanxiety,youmaysecond-guessthethingsyousayorassumeeveryoneisjudgingyou.Tomanageyouranxietyandstartmakingfriends,trytoputthosenegativethoughtstorest.Swapoutthemwithpositivethoughtssothatyoucangetbacktotheconversationathandandreallymakeaconnection.(當(dāng)你有社交焦慮時，你可能會猜測你說話，或者認(rèn)為每個人都在評判你。為了控制你的焦慮，開始交朋友，試著把那些消極的想法放下。把它們換成積極的想法，這樣你就可以回到手頭的談話中，真正建立聯(lián)系)”可知，本段的主旨是把消極的想法放下，換成積極的想法，即，用積極的想法取代消極的想法。故B選項“用積極的想法取代消極的想法”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’sokayifyou’renotreadytogotoamassivepartybyyourselfrightoffthebat.Instead,trymakingsmallbutmeaningfulstepsforward,suchasidentifyingsomegoalsyou’dliketohit.(如果你還沒有準(zhǔn)備好馬上一個人去參加大型派對，也沒關(guān)系。相反，試著向前邁出一小步但有意義的一步，比如確定一些你想要實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo))”可知，上文提到了試著向前邁出一小步但有意義的一步，確定一些想要實現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)，推測本句是在說明接下來該怎么去實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，D選項中them指代上文somegoals。故D選項“然后，你可以每天督促自己去實現(xiàn)它們”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Acceptanysocialinvitationthatcomesyourway.(接受任何社交邀請)”以及后文“Itmaybetoughatfirst,butmakingfriendsinvolvestakingsomerisksandsteppingoutofyourcomfortzone.Ifsomeoneinvitesyoutohangoutorgotoaneventandyou’reatallinterestedinbeingtheirfriend,seizetheopportunityandjointhem!(一開始可能很難，但交朋友需要冒一些風(fēng)險，走出你的舒適區(qū)。如果有人邀請你出去玩或參加活動，而你對成為他們的朋友很感興趣，抓住機會加入他們！)”可知，本段的主旨是接受社交邀請，本句應(yīng)表達(dá)與人交往的內(nèi)容，故A選項“試著花時間和別人在一起，即使這會讓你感到緊張”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Showpeoplethatyouwanttogettoknowthembetter.Whilethismightseemchallenging,rememberthatpartofmakingconnectionswithothersinvolvestakingtheinitiativetomakeplansyourself.Youneverknow,yournewneighbors,coworkers,andclassmatesmayalsobeshyoranxious.(讓別人知道你想更好地了解他們。雖然這看起來很有挑戰(zhàn)性，但記住，與他人建立聯(lián)系的一部分包括主動制定自己的計劃。你永遠(yuǎn)不知道，你的新鄰居、同事和同學(xué)可能也會害羞或焦慮)”可知，上文提到了新的鄰居、同事和同學(xué)也害羞，本句為本段最后一句，故表達(dá)別人會因為你主動想要花時間與他們相處而感到高興，E選項中They對應(yīng)上文newneighbors,coworkers,andclassmates。故E選項“他們會很高興聽到你想花時間和他們在一起”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifyou’renotfeelingitoryoustarttogetsuperanxiousduringthehangout,don’tbetoohardonyourself.(如果你沒有這種感覺，或者在聚會期間開始變得超級焦慮，不要對自己太苛刻)”可知，上文提到感到超級焦慮，不要對自己太苛刻，可知接下來應(yīng)表達(dá)不需要勉強之類的內(nèi)容，故G選項“禮貌地為自己辯解并感謝他們的陪伴是可以的”符合語境，故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。MasonBranstratorhadalwaysbeenanathlete,butthreeyearsago,hisactivelifestylechanged.“Iwasgoingfordownhillskiingasusual,butthistime,itwasdifferent,”Mason,anexperiencedskierwho____21____theslopes(斜坡)inhishometown,said.“‘I’mgoingalittlefast.’AndthatwasthelastthingIremember.”Thataccident____22____lefthimparalyzed(癱瘓的)fromthewaistdown.Asarunnerandskier,hecouldn’t____23____thefact.Luckily,Mason’sparentsencouragedhimtofocusonthegood.Heaccepteditandbecame____24____.Aboutayearaftertheaccident,he____25____thatwalkingwasn’tavery____26____thingforhimtokeeppursuingandthatitwastimetolookatwhatelsethe____27____worldhadtooffer.Thenhebegan____28____inawheelchair,preparingformarathonsandplayingtennisonthechair.Lastmonth,hereturnedtohishometownto____29____inGrandma’sMarathon,anannualracefornearly50yearsinDuluth,Minnesota,______30______2:03:52.Aftertherace,Masonbegansharinghis______31______onsocialmediatoconnectwithotherswithphysicaldisabilities.Hesharedthingsthatwere______32______tohimayearbefore,likehowhegotinandoutofbed.Butnowhecandothembetter.Hehasseenhowsharingthesenormal______33______hasmovedcountlesspeople.Morepeoplecaughtontohisstory,andevenpeoplewhoweren’tparalyzedstartedbeing______34______.“Thereweremomentswhenpeoplelikemesaid,‘Iusedyourmethodsanditchangedmylifeandmyperceptionofthisnew______35______.’IrealizedmydreamofhelpingpeoplehascometrueandI’mlivingitoutrightnow,”Masonsaid.21.A.built B.frequented C.smoothed D.repaired22.A.formally B.unnecessarily C.eventually D.temporarily23.A.payattentionto B.makeuseof C.makeupfor D.faceupto24.A.responsible B.optimistic C.patient D.honest25.A.realized B.hoped C.imagined D.recalled26.A.interesting B.worthwhile C.useful D.practical27.A.art B.wheelchair C.fashion D.youth28.A.resting B.fighting C.training D.teaching29.A.compete B.work C.volunteer D.study30.A.counting B.