湖北省2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期7月期末英語試題

湖北省部分市州2024年春季高二年級(jí)期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)英語本試卷共10頁。全卷滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。?？荚図樌⒁馐马?xiàng):1.答題前,先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上,并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答:每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答:用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后,請(qǐng)將答題卡上交。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.Whosepaintingsdoesthewomanprefer?AMonet'sB.Picasso's.C.VanGogh's.2.Whenwilltheplaybeperformed?A.October15th.B.October16th.C.October17th.3.Whichpetrolstationwillthewomangoto?A.Theonenearthecrossroads.B.Theonenexttothecinema.C.Theoneoppositethebridge.4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atadoctor's.B.Atthewoman'shome.C.Inarestaurant.5.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$80.B.$160.C.$200第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白,每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘:聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間,每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whydoesthewomanreschedulethemeeting?A.Sheneedstoleaveforanotherbranch.B.Shehastoworkonareport.C.Shehasaconference.7.Whenwillthespeakersprobablyhavethemeeting?A.Duringfourandfiveo'clock.B.Duringtwoandfouro'clock.C.Duringoneandtwoo'clock.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whatmightthemanbe?A.Atourguide.B.Astoreassistant.C.Ahotelreceptionist.9.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Provideanumbrella.B.Buyanumbrella.C.Shareanumbrella.10.Whatdoesthemanremindthewomanof?A.Thelocationofstores.B.Adeparturedate.C.Aclosingtime.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.WhendoesMike'snormalworkdaystart?A.8:25.B.9:15.C.9:50.12.HowdidTomfinallygettohisworkplace?A.Bytaxi.B.Bycar.C.Bytruck.13Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Mike'scarwillberepairedsoon.B.TherelationshipbetweenthemisanHRmanagerandanemployee.C.Mikewillnotbepunishedforbeinglate.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.What'srelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Studentandteacher.B.Customerandshopassistant.C.Touristandguide.15.WhencanpeopleenjoythefestiveatmosphereinDongvillage?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.16.Whatisthemusttrylocalfoodhere?A.Roastedmeat.B.Sourpotatoes.C.Sourfishsoup.17.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Visitthedrumtowers.B.Goonexploringmoresurprises.C.Trysomespecialties.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.Before2024.howmanytimesdidParisholdtheOlympicGames?A.Threetimes.B.Twice.C.Once.19.Whichistheneweventinthe2024ParisOlympics?A.Surfing.B.Swimming.C.Gymnastics.20.WhydidtheycutteneventsfromtheTokyoGames?A.Tosavemoney.B.Toleaveapositivelongtermimpact.C.Tobemoreecofriendlyandefficient.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATakingmedicineproperlyiscrucialforensuringitseffectivenessandyoursafety.Here’sageneralguideonhowtotakemedicinescorrectly,butalwaysrefertothespecificinstructionsprovidedbyyourhealthcareprofessionalorincludedinthemedicationpackaging,asinstructionscanvarygreatlybetweenmedications:1.FollowDoctor’sInstructionstoknowthedose:Yourhealthcareproviderwillprescribe（開處方）themedicinebasedonyourspecificcondition.Followthedirectionsexactly,includingthedoseandfrequency.Somemedicationsrequiredifferentdosesatdifferenttimesofthedayormaychangeovertime.Followtheseinstructionstoensuremaximumefficacyandtominimizesideeffects.2.FoodInteractionsandAlcoholBan:Somemedicinesshouldbetakenwithfoodtoavoidstomachupsetortoaidabsorption,whileothersshouldbetakenonanemptystomach.Checkthelabeloraskyourchemistaboutanyfoodinteractions.Moreover,manymedicationsinteractnegativelywithalcohol.Unlessclearlytoldit’ssale,avoidalcoholwhiletakingmedication.3.StoreProperly:Keepmedicinesintheiroriginalcontainers,awayfromdirectsunlight,dampness,andheat.Someneedrefrigeration.Checkthelabelforstorageinstructions.4.FinishtheCourse:Evenifyoufeelbetter,pletethefullcourseofantibiotics（抗生素）orasdirectedforothermedicationsunlessyourdoctoradvisesotherwise.Stoppingearlycanleadtoinpletetreatmentorantibioticresistance.Rememberthesearegeneralguidelines.Alwaysconsultyourhealthcareprofessionalforspecificinstructionsrelatedtoyourmedicationorclickheretogetmoredetailedinstructions.1.Whowillbethemostpossibletargetedreaders?A.Doctorsmakingaprescription. B.Studentsinmedicalcollege.C.Salesmeninmedicalstore. D.Patientstotakemedication.2.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A.Alcoholisabsolutelybannedwhiletakingmedication.B.Medicinecontainerscanbekeptinadryandcoolcase.C.Takemorepillsatatimeifyouwanttorecoversooner.D.Stopthecoursetheinstantyoufeelbetter.3.Wheredoyouprobablyreadthetext?A.Amedicalreport. B.Amedicationinstruction.C.AnInternetpage. D.Adoctor’sadvice.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何正確地服用藥物，以確保其有效性和病人的安全?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Here’sageneralguideonhowtotakemedicinescorrectly,butalwaysrefertothespecificinstructionsprovidedbyyourhealthcareprofessionalorincludedinthemedicationpackaging,asinstructionscanvarygreatlybetweenmedications:”（以下是關(guān)于如何正確服用藥物的一般指南，但請(qǐng)務(wù)必參考您的醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員提供的具體說明或藥物包裝中的說明，因?yàn)椴煌幬锏恼f明差異很大）可知，本文主要是為需要服用藥物的病人提供的指導(dǎo)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Keepmedicinesintheiroriginalcontainers,awayfromdirectsunlight,dampness,andheat.”（將藥品保存在原容器中，避免陽光直射、潮濕和高溫。）可知，藥品容器可以被保存在干燥和涼爽的箱子里。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Alwaysconsultyourhealthcareprofessionalforspecificinstructionsrelatedtoyourmedicationorclickheretogetmoredetailedinstructions.”（請(qǐng)務(wù)必咨詢您的醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員以獲取與您的藥物相關(guān)的具體說明，或單擊此處獲取更詳細(xì)的說明。）中的“clickhere”可知，讀者可以在一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁上讀到這篇文章。故選C。BOncewhenIwassixyearsold,Isawamagnificentpictureinabookabouttheprimevalforest.Itwasapictureofaboaconstrictor(蟒蛇)intheactofswallowingananimalwhole,withoutchewingit.Afterthat,itwasnotabletomove,anditsleptthroughthesixmonthsfordigestion.Ipondereddeeplyovertheadventuresofthejungle.Andaftersomeworkwithacoloredpencil,Isucceededinmakingmyfirstdrawing—MyDrawingNumberOne.Ishowedmymasterpiecetothegrownups,andaskedthemwhetherthedrawingfrightenedthem.Buttheyanswered:“Frighten?Whyshouldanyonebefrightenedbyahat?”NO!!!ItwasapictureofaboaconstrictordigestinganelephantButsincethegrownupswerenotabletounderstandit.ImadeDrawingNumberTwo—Idrewtheinsideoftheboaconstrictor.Theyalwaysneedtohavethingsexplained.Thegrownups’response,thistime,wastoadvisemetolayasidemydrawingsofboaconstrictors,whetherfromtheinsideortheoutside,anddevotemyselfinsteadtogeography,historyandgrammar.Thatiswhy,attheageofsix,Igaveupwhatmighthavebeenamagnificentcareerasapainter.SothenIchosetoacceptthefactandlearnpilotairplanesanditistruethatgeographyhasbeenveryusefultome—ataglanceIcandistinguishChinafromArizona.Inthecourseofthislife,Ihavehadmanygreatencounterswithagreatmanypeoplewhohavebeenconcernedwithmattersofconsequence.WheneverImetoneofthemwhoseemedtomeatallclearsighted.ItriedtheexperimentofshowinghimmyDrawingNumberOne,whichIhavealwayskept.Iwonderedifthiswasapersonoftrueunderstanding.But,whoeveritwas,heorshewouldalwayssay,“Thatisahat.”ThenIwouldnevertalktothatpersonaboutboaconstrictors,orprimevalforests,orstars.Iwouldbringmyselfdowntohislevel.Iwouldtalktohimaboutbridge,andgolf,andpolitics.Andthegrownupwouldbegreatlypleasedtohavemetsuchasensibleman.4.WhydoestheauthormakehisDrawingNumberTwo?A.Becausegrownupsarefrightenedbythehat.B.Becausegrownupsalwayswanttogetexplanations.C.Becausegrownupswantchildrentolearnusefulknowledge.D.Becausegrownupsarepleasedtomeetasensiblechild.5.Whichoneofthefollowingcanbestdescribethegrownups?A.Selfishandimpatient. B.Unimaginativeandrealistic.C.Greedyandpractical. D.Considerateandfrank.6.Accordingtothepassage,whydidauthorchoosetolearnpilotairplanes?A.Theauthorthoughtituseful.B.Theauthorwasconcernedwithmattersofconsequence.C.Theauthorpromisedtothereality.D.Theauthorhadnogiftforpainting.7.Whattoneofthespeechdoestheauthoruseinthelastsentence?A.Ironic. B.Cautious. C.Critical. D.Understanding.【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，節(jié)選自《小王子》。作者六歲的時(shí)候畫了關(guān)于蟒蛇的畫，但成年人總是無法理解作者的畫，轉(zhuǎn)而讓作者學(xué)習(xí)地理、歷史和語法。作者逐漸接受了事實(shí)。長(zhǎng)大后作者遇到許多人，每次他都會(huì)拿出自己珍藏的那幅畫給別人看，想知道對(duì)方是否真正理解。如果對(duì)方理解不了這幅畫，作者就會(huì)把自己降低到對(duì)方的檔次，談?wù)搶?duì)方能夠接受的話題?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butsincethegrownupswerenotabletounderstandit.ImadeDrawingNumberTwo—Idrewtheinsideoftheboaconstrictor.Theyalwaysneedtohavethingsexplained.(但由于大人們看不懂，我畫了第二幅畫——我畫了蟒蛇的內(nèi)部。他們總是需要把事情解釋清楚。)”可知，因?yàn)榇笕藗兛床欢?，需要把事情解釋清楚，所以作者畫了第二幅畫。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ishowedmymasterpiecetothegrownups,andaskedthemwhetherthedrawingfrightenedthem.(我把我的杰作展示給成年人，問他們這幅畫是否嚇到了他們。)”和第三段中的“Buttheyanswered:“Frighten?Whyshouldanyonebefrightenedbyahat?”NO!!!Itwasapictureofaboaconstrictordigestinganelephant.(但他們回答說：“害怕？為什么有人會(huì)被一頂帽子嚇到？”不?。。∵@是一張蟒蛇消化大象的圖片。)”可知，作者畫了一副蟒蛇消化大象的畫，但大人們卻認(rèn)為作者畫的只是一頂帽子，所以他們?nèi)狈ο胂罅?。根?jù)第四段中的“Thegrownups’response,thistime,wastoadvisemetolayasidemydrawingsofboaconstrictors,whetherfromtheinsideortheoutside,anddevotemyselfinsteadtogeography,historyandgrammar.(這一次，大人們的反應(yīng)是建議我把畫蟒蛇的畫放在一邊，無論是內(nèi)部的畫還是外部的畫，轉(zhuǎn)而全身心投入到地理、歷史和語法中。)”可知，大人們完全不管作者畫的第二幅畫，直接讓他去學(xué)一些實(shí)用的知識(shí)，這說明大人們的想法很現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“SothenIchosetoacceptthefactandlearnpilotairplanesanditistruethatgeographyhasbeenveryusefultome—ataglanceIcandistinguishChinafromArizona.(所以后來我選擇接受這個(gè)事實(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)駕駛飛機(jī)，地理確實(shí)對(duì)我很有用——我一眼就能把中國(guó)和亞利桑那州區(qū)分開來。)”可知，作者無力反抗，只能向大人們的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義妥協(xié)，選擇學(xué)習(xí)開飛機(jī)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThenIwouldnevertalktothatpersonaboutboaconstrictors,orprimevalforests,orstars.Iwouldbringmyselfdowntohislevel.Iwouldtalktohimaboutbridge,andgolf,andpolitics.Andthegrownupwouldbegreatlypleasedtohavemetsuchasensibleman.(那我就再也不會(huì)和那個(gè)人談?wù)擈?、原始森林或星星了。我?huì)把自己降到他的水平。我會(huì)和他談?wù)摌蚺啤⒏郀柗蚝驼?。于是大人們就十分高興能認(rèn)識(shí)我這樣一個(gè)明智的人。)”可知，當(dāng)對(duì)方認(rèn)不出作者的畫時(shí)，作者就不再跟這個(gè)人談?wù)擈摺⒃忌只蛐切橇?，轉(zhuǎn)變談話內(nèi)容來迎合對(duì)方，讓對(duì)方很高興能遇到像作者這樣一個(gè)明智的人。由此可知，作者把他的畫當(dāng)“探路石”，諷刺成年人缺乏想象力，表達(dá)對(duì)作者對(duì)成人世界中缺乏真正理解者的失望。故選A。CClimatebreakdownisalwayschangingthetasteandqualityofbeer,scientistshavewarned.Thequantityandqualityofhops（啤酒花）,akeyingredientinmostbe,isbeingaffectedbyglobalheating,accordingtoastudy.Asaresult,beermaybeemoreexpensiveandmanufacturerswillhavetoadapttheirbrewing（釀造）methods.ResearchersforecastthathopyieldsinEuropeangrowingregionswillfallby4—18%by2050iffarmersdonotadapttohotteranddrierweather,whilethecontentofalphaacidsinthehops,whichgivesbeerstheirdistinctivetasteandsmell,willfallby20—31%.“Beerdrinkerswilldefinitelyseetheclimatechange,eitherinthepricetagorthequality,”saidMiroslavTrnka,ascientistattheGlobalChangeResearchInstituteoftheCzechAcademyofSciencesandcoauthorofthestudy,publishedinthejournalNaturemunications.“Thatseemstobeinevitablefromourdata.”Beer,thethirdmostpopulardrinkintheworldafterwaterandtea,isusuallyflavouredwitharomatic（芳香的）hopsgrownmostlyinthemiddlelatitudesthataresensitivetochangesinlight,heatandwater.Inrecentyears,demandforhighqualityhopshasbeenpushedupbyaboomincraftbeerswithstrongerflavors.Butemissionsofplanetheatinggasesareputtingtheplantatrisk,thestudyfound.InGermany,thesecondbiggesthopproducerintheworld,averagehopyieldshavefallen,thestudyfound.BeerbrewingincentralEuropedatesbacktothousandsofyearsandisacornerstoneoftheculture.Thestudyfoundthealphaacidcontentofhops,whichgivebeeritsdistinctaroma,hadfalleninallregions.AndreasAuernhammer,ahopfarmerinSpaltinsouthernGermany,saidthetotalrainfallinhisfieldshadchangedlittlebutthatnow“theraindoesnoteattherighttime”.8.WhichoneisNOTaninfluentialfactoraffectingtheflavorandpriceofbeer?A.Climateshiftsandgreenhousegasesemissions.B.Adaptationtonewplantingmethodsamongfarmers.C.Geographicallocationandsensitivityofhops.D.Thedeclineinhopyields.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable”meaninParagraph3?A.incapable. B.affordable.C.unavoidable. D.valuable10.WhichstatementisFALSE?A.Hopsarevitallynecessaryingredientinmostbeers.B.IttendstorainlessinEuropeanhopsgrowingregions.C.BeerproducinghasalonghistoryinGermany.D.Alphaacidcontentofhopshadgreatlydecreasedintheworld.11.Thepurposeofthepassageis__________.A.toemphasizetheenvironmentalinfluenceonhopsB.toraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionC.tohelphopfarmersmakemoreprofitsD.tosavehopproductionfromglobalwarming【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。文章主要描述了全球變暖對(duì)啤酒花產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，從而改變了啤酒的味道和質(zhì)量，希望人們能及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Climatebreakdownisalwayschangingthetasteandqualityofbeer,scientistshavewarned.Thequantityandqualityofhops（啤酒花）,akeyingredientinmostbe,isbeingaffectedbyglobalheating,accordingtoastudy.”（科學(xué)家警告稱，氣候變化一直在改變啤酒的味道和質(zhì)量。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，啤酒花是大多數(shù)啤酒的關(guān)鍵成分，其數(shù)量和質(zhì)量正受到全球變暖的影響。）、第二段“ResearchersforecastthathopyieldsinEuropeangrowingregionswillfallby4—18%by2050iffarmersdonotadapttohotteranddrierweather,whilethecontentofalphaacidsinthehops,whichgivesbeerstheirdistinctivetasteandsmell,willfallby20—31%.”（研究人員預(yù)測(cè)，如果農(nóng)民不適應(yīng)炎熱干燥的天氣，到2050年，歐洲種植區(qū)的啤酒花產(chǎn)量將下降418%，而啤酒花中賦予啤酒獨(dú)特味道和氣味的阿爾法酸含量將下降2031%。）第四段“Beer,thethirdmostpopulardrinkintheworldafterwaterandtea,isusuallyflavouredwitharomatic(芳香的)hopsgrownmostlyinthemiddlelatitudesthataresensitivetochangesinlight,heatandwater.Inrecentyears,demandforhighqualityhopshasbeenpushedupbyaboomincraftbeerswithstrongerflavors.Butemissionsofplanetheatinggasesareputtingtheplantatrisk,thestudyfound.(啤酒是世界上僅次于水和茶的第三種最受歡迎的飲料，通常用芳香啤酒花調(diào)味，這些啤酒花大多生長(zhǎng)在中緯度地區(qū)，對(duì)光、熱和水的變化很敏感。近年來，口味較重的精釀啤酒的繁榮推動(dòng)了對(duì)高品質(zhì)啤酒花的需求。但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，使地球升溫的氣體排放正使該工廠處于危險(xiǎn)之中。)”和第五段“InGermany,thesecondbiggesthopproducerintheworld,averagehopyieldshavefallen,thestudyfound.

(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在世界第二大啤酒花生產(chǎn)國(guó)德國(guó)，啤酒花的平均產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)下降。)”“ Thestudyfoundthealphaacidcontentofhops,whichgivebeeritsdistinctaroma,hadfalleninallregions.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，啤酒花的α酸含量在所有地區(qū)都有所下降，啤酒花是啤酒獨(dú)特香氣的來源。)”可知，氣候變化、溫室氣體排放、地理位置和啤酒花的敏感性以及啤酒花產(chǎn)量下降都會(huì)影響啤酒的風(fēng)味和價(jià)格，而農(nóng)民適應(yīng)新種植方法不是影響因素。故選B。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段“Beerdrinkerswilldefinitelyseetheclimatechange,eitherinthepricetagorthequality,”（啤酒飲用者肯定會(huì)看到氣候變化，無論是在價(jià)格標(biāo)簽上還是在質(zhì)量上，）中的“definitely”和劃線詞所在句“Thatseemstobeinevitablefromourdata.”（從我們的數(shù)據(jù)來看，這似乎是inevitable。）可知，這應(yīng)該是肯定的，不可避免的，故inevitable表示“不可避免的”。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“InGermany,thesecondbiggesthopproducerintheworld,averagehopyieldshavefallen,thestudyfound.

(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在世界第二大啤酒花生產(chǎn)國(guó)德國(guó)，啤酒花的平均產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)下降。)”可知，文章只是提到德國(guó)啤酒花的阿爾法酸含量下降，并未提及全世界的情況，D選項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Climatebreakdownisalwayschangingthetasteandqualityofbeer,scientistshavewarned.Thequantityandqualityofhops（啤酒花）,akeyingredientinmostbe,isbeingaffectedbyglobalheating,accordingtoastudy.”（科學(xué)家警告稱，氣候變化一直在改變啤酒的味道和質(zhì)量。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，啤酒花是大多數(shù)啤酒的關(guān)鍵成分，其數(shù)量和質(zhì)量正受到全球變暖的影響。）及全文可知，文章主要圍繞氣候變化對(duì)啤酒花的影響展開，介紹了啤酒花的產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量以及其中的阿爾法酸含量等因氣候變化而發(fā)生的變化，還提到了德國(guó)啤酒花種植的情況。其目的在于著重強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境變化對(duì)啤酒花的影響。故選A。DAMarch2023reportfromGoldmanSachsestimatedthatAIcapableofcontentgenerationcoulddoaquarterofalltheworkcurrentlydonebyhumans.AcrosstheEuropeanUnionandUS,thereportfurthernotes,300millionjobscouldbelosttoautomation.Andthatcouldbeawful,saysMartinFord,authorofRuleoftheRobots:HotArtificialIntelligenceWillTransformEverything.“It’snotjustthatthiswouldhappentoindividuals,butitcouldbeprettysystemic.”hesays.“Itcouldhappentoalotofpeople,potentiallyquitesuddenly,potentiallyallatthesametime.Andthathasimplicationsnotjustforthoseindividuals,butforthewholeeconomy.”Thankfully,it’snotallbadnews.Theexpertsissuetheirwarningswithacaveat(限制性條款):therearestillthingsAlisn’tcapableof—tasksthatinvolvedistinctlyhumanqualities,likeemotionalintelligenceandoutsidetheboxthinking.Andmovingintorolesthatcentrethoseskillscouldhelplessenthechancesofbeingreplaced.“Ithinktherearegenerallythreecategoriesthataregoingtoberelativelyinsulated(隔離)intheforeseeablefuture,”saysFord.“Thefirstwouldbejobsthataregenuinelycreative:you'renotdoingformulaicworkorjustrearrangingthings,butyou’regenuinelyingupwithnewideasandbuildingsomethingnew.”“Thesecondinsulatedcategory,hecontinues,isjobsthatrequiresophisticated(老練的)interpersonalrelationships.Hepointstonurses,secretarialclerksandinvestigativejournalists.Thesearejobs,hesays,“whereyouneedaverydeepunderstandingofpeople.”Thethirdsafezone,saysFord,“arejobsthatreallyrequirelotsofmobilityanddexterity(靈巧)andproblemsolvingabilityinunpredictableenvironments”.Manytradejobs—thinkelectricians,plumbers,weldersandthelike—fallunderthisumbrella,headds.“Theyareprobablythehardestofanythingtoautomate.”Inshort,seekingrolesindynamic,shiftingenvironmentsthatincludeunpredictabletasksisgoodwaytostaveoffjoblosstoAI.Atleast,forawhile.12.AccordingtoMartinFordwhat’shisattitudetowardsAI?A.Favorable. B.Pessimistic.C.Neutral. D.Dismissive.13.WhydidthewritermentionthecaveatinParagraph3?A.Tointroducethemaintopic. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaparison.14.Accordingtothepassage,inthefuturewhichjobismorelikelytobereplacedbyAl?A.Abusinessconsultant. B.Acraftsman.C.Atypist. D.Atouristguide.15.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Therobotsreallyareingforsomejobs. B.ThejobsAIwon’ttakeyet.C.AIwilltransformworkingmode. D.Thejobspeoplecandointhefuture.【答案】12B13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些人工智能不能勝任的工作?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AcrosstheEuropeanUnionandUS,thereportfurthernotes,300millionjobscouldbelosttoautomation.Andthatcouldbeawful,saysMartinFord,authorofRuleoftheRobots:HotArtificialIntelligenceWillTransformEverything.(報(bào)告進(jìn)一步指出，在整個(gè)歐盟和美國(guó)，自動(dòng)化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致3億個(gè)工作崗位流失?！稒C(jī)器人的規(guī)則：熱門人工智能將改變一切》一書的作者馬丁·福特(MartinFord)說，這可能很糟糕。)”以及第二段““It’snotjustthatthiswouldhappentoindividuals,butitcouldbeprettysystemic.”hesays.“Itcouldhappentoalotofpeople,potentiallyquitesuddenly,potentiallyallatthesametime.Andthathasimplicationsnotjustforthoseindividuals,butforthewholeeconomy.(“這不僅會(huì)發(fā)生在個(gè)人身上，而且可能是相當(dāng)系統(tǒng)性的。他說?！斑@可能發(fā)生在很多人身上，可能很突然，可能同時(shí)發(fā)生。這不僅對(duì)這些人有影響，對(duì)整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)也有影響。”)”可推斷馬丁·福特對(duì)人工智能的態(tài)度是悲觀的，故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thankfully,it’snotallbadnews.Theexpertsissuetheirwarningswithacaveat(限制性條款):therearestillthingsAlisn’tcapableof—tasksthatinvolvedistinctlyhumanqualities,likeemotionalintelligenceandoutsidetheboxthinking.Andmovingintorolesthatcentrethoseskillscouldhelplessenthechancesofbeingreplaced.(謝天謝地，也不全是壞消息。專家們?cè)诎l(fā)出警告的同時(shí)也提出了一個(gè)限制性條款：人工智能仍有一些事情是無法勝任的——這些任務(wù)涉及到明顯的人類品質(zhì)，比如情商和創(chuàng)新思維。而進(jìn)入以這些技能為中心的崗位有助于減少被取代的可能性。)”可知這個(gè)限制性條款就是說人工智能仍有一些事情是無法勝任的，也就是有些工作是不能被人工智能取代的，也就是作者提到限制性條款的原因是引出本文的話題，故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thefirstwouldbejobsthataregenuinelycreative:you’renotdoingformulaicworkorjustrearrangingthings,butyou’regenuinelyingupwithnewideasandbuildingsomethingnew.(第一種是真正具有創(chuàng)造性的工作：你不是在做公式化的工作，也不是在重新安排東西，而是在真正地提出新想法，創(chuàng)造新東西。)”，第五段“Thesecondinsulatedcategory,hecontinues,isjobsthatrequiresophisticated(老練的)interpersonalrelationships.(他接著說，第二個(gè)被隔離的類別是需要復(fù)雜人際關(guān)系的工作。)”，第六段“Thethirdsafezone,saysFord,“arejobsthatreallyrequirelotsofmobilityanddexterity(靈巧)andproblemsolvingabilityinunpredictableenvironments”.(福特表示，第三個(gè)安全區(qū)“是那些在不可預(yù)測(cè)的環(huán)境中確實(shí)需要大量機(jī)動(dòng)性、靈活性和解決問題能力的工作”。)”可知這三類工作是人工智能無法勝任的，對(duì)照選項(xiàng)可知C選項(xiàng)“打字員”是重復(fù)性的工作，最有可能被人工智能取代，故選C。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其最后一段“Inshort,seekingrolesindynamic,shiftingenvironmentsthatincludeunpredictabletasksisgoodwaytostaveoffjoblosstoAI.Atleast,forawhile.(簡(jiǎn)而言之，在包括不可預(yù)測(cè)任務(wù)在內(nèi)的動(dòng)態(tài)、不斷變化的環(huán)境中尋找職位，是避免人工智能搶走工作的好方法。至少暫時(shí)是這樣。)”可知文章介紹了一些人工智能不能勝任的工作。B選項(xiàng)“人工智能還不能勝任的工作?！狈衔恼轮黝}，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng).Brushingyourteetheffectivelylowersyourchancesofgettingahostofchronicdiseases,aswellaskeepingyourteethandgums(牙齦)healthy.___16___Sowhatexactlyaremostofusgettingwrong,andhowcanwechangeourroutinetomakesurewebrushourteetheffectively?Here’showtoproperlybrushyourteeth.accordingtoexperts.___17___Thatisonlypartiallytrue.It’smuchmoreimportanttoremovebacteriafromtheteeth.Thesebacteriaandothermicroorganismsgrowinsideeveryone’smouth.andformastickybiofilm(菌膜)monlyknownasdentalplaque.Theyarelivinginthestickyfilmstucktotheteethandalsotothesofttissues,whichcan’tbeeasilywashedoff—itreallyneedstobemanuallycleanedThemostimportantplacetoremoveitfromisnottheteeth,butthegumline.Thisiswheregermsarebestabletosinkinthegumtissueandcauseinflammation(炎癥).Infact,thinkofbrushingyourgumline.ratherthantheteeththemselves.___18___Brushingtoohard.especiallywithafirmerbristled(硬毛)brush.cancausepainsandtearstothegums.___19___Andrubbingthebrush’sbristlesovertheenamel(牙釉質(zhì))cancausetinyscratchesinthetooth.whichadduptosignificanterosionovertime.___20___Itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeat.Acidicfoodanddrink—suchascitrusfruit, fruitjuiceandcoffee—wouldbeareasontobrushbeforeratherthanafterbreakfast.Moreimportantthanthebreakfastquestionistheeveningbrush.whichalsohasasimpleranswer:itshouldalwayshappenlastthingbeforebed.A.Butthemajorityofusaredoingitwrong.B.Then,theteethwillbebrushedautomatically.C.Thefirststepistobrushteethregularlywithpatience.DIsitbettertobrushyourteethbeforeorafterbreakfast?E.Theerodedgumswillbeeverysensitivetojustbeingbrushedoff.F.Thesesmalltearsgiveopportunityforbacteriatoenterthebloodstream.G.Lotsofpatientsunderstandthatwhattheyneedtodoisremovefoodleftover.【答案】16.A17.G18.B19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章揭示了有效刷牙的重要性，糾正普遍的刷牙誤區(qū)，強(qiáng)調(diào)去除牙菌斑而非僅食物殘?jiān)?，輕柔清潔牙齦線以防細(xì)菌侵入及出血，避免用力過猛損傷牙齒，以及根據(jù)飲食選擇合適刷牙時(shí)間，確?？谇唤】?。【16題詳解】通過后文中的“Sowhatexactlyaremostofusgettingwrong,andhowcanwechangeourroutinetomakesurewebrushourteetheffectively?（那么，我們大多數(shù)人到底做錯(cuò)了什么，我們?nèi)绾胃淖兾覀兊娜粘Ｉ钜源_保我們有效地刷牙呢）”我們知道，大多數(shù)人在刷牙時(shí)做的不對(duì)。那么，A項(xiàng)“Butthemajorityofusaredoingitwrong.”（但我們大多數(shù)人做錯(cuò)了）引出下文，并且和上文的“Brushingyourteetheffectivelylowersyourchancesofgettingahostofchronicdiseases,aswellaskeepingyourteethandgumshealthy.”（刷牙可以有效地降低患多種慢性疾病的幾率，同時(shí)保持牙齒和牙齦健康。）構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，起到承上啟下的作用。故選A?！?7題詳解】由下文的“Thatisonlypartiallytrue.It’smuchmoreimportanttoremovebacteriafromtheteeth.”（這只是部分對(duì)的。去除牙齒上的細(xì)菌更重要）可知，本空提到關(guān)于刷牙的觀點(diǎn)。G項(xiàng)“Lotsofpatientsunderstandthatwhattheyneedtodoisremovefoodleftover.”（許多患者認(rèn)為他們需要做的只是清除食物殘?jiān)┲赋龊芏嗖∪说挠^點(diǎn)，即他們需要做的只是清除食物殘?jiān)?，下文進(jìn)一步論述主要討論的是刷牙時(shí)清除牙齒上的細(xì)菌更重要，上下文含義聯(lián)系緊密。故選G。【18題詳解】上文提到“Thisiswheregermsarebestabletosinkinthegumtissueandcauseinflammation(炎癥).Infact,thinkofbrushingyourgumline,ratherthantheteeththemselves.”（這是細(xì)菌最容易進(jìn)入牙齦組織并引起炎癥的地方。事實(shí)上，想想刷牙的牙齦線，而不是牙齒本身。）強(qiáng)調(diào)了牙齦線是細(xì)菌最容易侵入并引起炎癥的地方，并建議我們更多地關(guān)注刷牙齦線而非牙齒本身。B選項(xiàng)“Then,theteethwillbebrushedautomatically.”（之后，牙齒會(huì)自然被刷）作為承接句，意味著當(dāng)我們正確刷牙齦線時(shí)，牙齒也會(huì)自然而然地得到清潔，因?yàn)檠例X和牙齦線是緊密相連的。因此，B選項(xiàng)與上文內(nèi)容緊密相連，并為下文的進(jìn)一步討論做了鋪墊。故選B。【19題詳解】上文提到“Brushingtoohard,especiallywithafirmerbristledbrush,cancausepainsandtearstothegums.”（刷牙太用力，尤其是用硬毛牙刷，會(huì)導(dǎo)致牙齦疼痛和撕裂。）這里說明了刷牙過猛，尤其是使用硬毛牙刷，會(huì)對(duì)牙齦造成傷害，導(dǎo)致疼痛和撕裂。F選項(xiàng)“Thesesmalltearsgiveopportunityforbacteriatoenterthebloodstream.”（這些細(xì)小的裂口為細(xì)菌進(jìn)入血液提供了機(jī)會(huì)。）直接指出了這些小的撕裂傷口為細(xì)菌進(jìn)入血液提供了機(jī)會(huì)，進(jìn)一步解釋了為何刷牙方式要輕柔且適當(dāng)，以避免對(duì)牙齦造成不必要的傷害。F選項(xiàng)與上文內(nèi)容緊密相關(guān)，并且F項(xiàng)中的“Thesesmalltears”和上文“tears”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文的“Itdependsonwhatyou'vehadtoeat.Acidicfoodanddrink—suchascitrusfruit,fruitjuiceandcoffee—wouldbeareasontobrushbeforeratherthanafterbreakfast.”（這取決于你吃了什么。酸性食物和飲料，如柑橘類水果，果汁和咖啡——這將是早餐前刷而不是早餐后刷的理由。）可知，設(shè)空處提出了一個(gè)關(guān)于早餐前后刷牙的問題。選項(xiàng)D“Isitbettertobrushyourteethbeforeorafterbreakfast?”（早餐前刷牙好還是早餐后刷牙好）符合語境。故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Onceuponatimethecolorsoftheworldstartedtoquarrel.Allclaimedthattheywerethebest,themostimportant,thefavorite.Greensaid,“ClearlyIamthemostimportant.Iamthesignof___21___andofhope.Iwaschosenforgrass,treesandleaves.Withoutme,allanimalswoulddie.LookoverthecountrysideandyouwillseethatIaminthe___22___.”“Youonlythinkabouttheearth,”Blue___23___suddenly,“butconsidertheskyandthesea.Itisthewaterthatisthebasisoflifeanddrawnupbythecloudsfromthedeepsea.Theskygivesspaceandpeace,withoutwhich,youwouldallbe___24___.”Redcouldstanditnolongerandheshoutedout,“Iamtherulerofallofyou.Iamblood—life’sblood!Iamthecolorofdangerand___25___.Iamwillingtofightforacausebravely.Withoutme,theearthwouldbeasemptyasthemoon.”FinallyIndigo(青色)uttered,muchmorequietlythanalltheothers,butwithjustasmuchdetermination,“Thinkofme.Iamthecolorof___26___,hardlynoticed,butwithoutmeyouallbeeshallow.Irepresentthoughtand___27___.”Andsothecolorswenton___28___louderandmoreproudly,eachconvincedofhisorherown___29___.Suddenlytherewasastartlingflashofbrightlightningandthunderrollingand____30____.Rainstartedtopourdownmercilessly.Thecolorscroucheddowninfear,____31____closetooneanotherforfort.Rainbegantostate,“You____32____colors,fightingamongyourselves,eachtryingto____33____therest.Don’tyouknowthaty