2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

PAGEUNIT3SEAEXPLORATION1．extendvt.擴(kuò)展；使伸長；延長→extendedadj.伸出的，伸展的；延長的；持續(xù)的2．negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商→negotiationn．協(xié)商，談判3．royaladj.皇家的；王室的；名貴的→royallyadv.像王一般地；莊重地；名貴地4．withdrawvi.&vt.(使)撤回；撤離→withdrawaln.收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走1．merchantn．商人；批發(fā)商adj.海上貨運(yùn)的①ThemerchantsofArabaredoingtheirthingsalloftheworld. n．商人②Heisawholesalemerchant. n．批發(fā)商③Thisisamerchantshipof5，000tons. adj.海上貨運(yùn)的2．negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商①We'vedecidedtonegotiatealoanwiththem. vt.商定②Henegotiatedanewcontractwiththesellers. vt.達(dá)成(協(xié)議)③Aretheemployersreallywillingtonegotiate? vi.談判3．bondn．紐帶；關(guān)系vt.&vi.增加信任關(guān)系；使堅(jiān)固結(jié)合①Youneedastrongadhesivetobondwoodtometal. vt.使堅(jiān)固結(jié)合②Theteamhasbondedtogetherwell. vi.增加信任關(guān)系③Theexperiencecreatedaveryspecialbondbetweenus. n．紐帶；關(guān)系WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)1)setsail起航；開航[教材原句P26]However，merchantsandexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid.然而，來自東部的商人和探險(xiǎn)家從東向西航行，比哥倫布要早很多年。[例1]Wesetsailathightide.我們在漲潮時(shí)啟航。[例2]TheshipsetsailforEurope.這艘船啟航去歐洲。[造句]兩個(gè)鐘頭之后，這艘船就啟航來中國了。TwohourslatertheshipsetsailforChina.[學(xué)問拓展]setsailfor 開船往，動(dòng)身往atfullsail(s) 開足馬力，張起全部的帆，高速前進(jìn)goforasail 乘船巡游[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①ChristopherColumbussetsailfortheNewWorldintheSantaMaria.②Abigshipploughedtheseaatfullsail.③Let'sgoforasailthisafternoon.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)2)extendvt.擴(kuò)展；使伸長；延長[教材原句P26]AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean，centredaroundCeylon(nowSriLanka)．它是一條橫跨海洋的貿(mào)易路途也沿著印度洋海岸延長，以錫蘭(現(xiàn)在的斯里蘭卡)為中心。[例1]Thecarparkhasbeenextended.那個(gè)停車場已被擴(kuò)建了。[例2]Theyaskedthegovernmenttoextenditsperiodofdeliberation.他們要求政府延長審議的時(shí)間。[造句]果樹枝伸出墻外。Thebranchesofthefruittreesextendedoutoverthefences.[學(xué)問拓展](1)extendfrom...to... 從……延長到……extendout 伸出extendthrough... 貫穿……；達(dá)到整個(gè)……的長度(2)extensionn. 延長，擴(kuò)展[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①ThetouristseasonextendsfromMaytoOctober.②Thegirlscompetedforit，theirhandsextendedoutintotheair.③Imeantobetalkingaboutasinglethingthatwasextendedthroughtime.[小片段填空]Takeoffextensionandthelegsshouldbefullyextendedontopofthejump.(extend)eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)3)negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商[教材原句P26]Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures.在這里，來自中國和很多其他地方的商人聚集在一起協(xié)商貿(mào)易問題，這也使他們對彼此的文化有了更多的了解。[例1]Rentsareindividuallynegotiatedbetweenlandlordandtenant.租金由房東和房客單獨(dú)協(xié)商。[例2]Theyhaverefusedtonegotiateonthisissue.他們拒絕就這一問題進(jìn)行談判。[造句]我設(shè)法同當(dāng)局進(jìn)行了勝利的協(xié)商。Imanagedtonegotiatesuccessfullywiththeauthorities.[學(xué)問拓展]negotiateaprice 商談價(jià)格negotiatewith 同……協(xié)商；談判；交涉negotiatefor 為……談判negotiateinto 通過談判使進(jìn)入[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Wearenegotiatingforthereleaseoftheprisoners.②I'llnegotiatewiththeircoachonthedateofthematch.③Sowhatisthebestwaytonegotiateyourwayintoamobileworklifestyle?eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)4)withdrawvi.&vt.(使)撤回；撤離[教材原句P26]AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433，theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.雖然中國在1433年以后退出了進(jìn)一步的探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)，但這些陸上和海上的路途幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來始終是其他文化之間溝通的活躍通道。[例1]Thegeneraldecidedtowithdrawhissoldiers.那位將軍確定撤軍。[例2]Hedidn'twithdrawhisremarksandapologize.他既沒收回發(fā)言，也沒致歉。[造句]由于受傷，他不得不退出競賽。Hewasforcedtowithdrawfromthecompetitionduetoinjury.[學(xué)問拓展](1)withdrawfrom 從……撤出，撤回withdrawmoneyfromthebank 從銀行取款withdrawone'seyesfrom 把視線從……移開(不再看……)withdrawaremark 收回發(fā)言(2)withdrawaln. 收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Tellthementowithdrawfromtheirnewposition.②I'dliketowithdraw1，000dollarsfrommysavingsaccountandputitinmychequeaccount.③Hehasmadeseveralwithdrawals(withdraw)fromhisbankaccount.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)5)bondn．紐帶；關(guān)系vt.&vi.增加信任關(guān)系；使堅(jiān)固結(jié)合[教材原句P27]TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.這一倡議的目的是激勵(lì)在歷史悠久的絲綢之路地區(qū)開展合作和貿(mào)易，并加強(qiáng)中國與世界的聯(lián)系。[例1]Astrongspiritualbondexistsbetweenthem.他們倆在精神上緊密地結(jié)合在一起。[例2]Thisgluemakesagoodfirmbond.這種膠水粘得很牢固。[造句]他用了六七個(gè)字就說明清晰了他們之間的關(guān)系。Inhalfadozenwords，hehadexplainedthebondthatlinkedthem.[學(xué)問拓展]bondbetween ……之間的聯(lián)系bond...to 把……粘在……上；使……結(jié)合[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①There'sabondbetweenthetwins.②Silveroverlayisbondedtotheentiresurface.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問要點(diǎn)6)inhand在手頭；可供運(yùn)用[教材原句P27]Hundredsofyearson，andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand，theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.數(shù)百年過去了，在駕馭了最新技術(shù)的狀況下，貿(mào)易需求和加強(qiáng)關(guān)系的愿望將推動(dòng)中國跨越海洋，走向遙遠(yuǎn)的將來。[例1]Ihaven'tanymoneyinhand.我手頭一分錢都沒有。[例2]Yourremarksdonotbearonthematterinhand.你的話和目前這件事沒有關(guān)系。[造句]咱們來干手頭這件事吧。Letusaddressourselvestothematterinhand.[學(xué)問拓展]athand 在手邊，在旁邊byhand 由人工，用人力handinhand 手牽手，攜著手gohandinhandwith 與……共同行動(dòng)；與……相協(xié)作； 與……一樣；與……結(jié)合在一起outofhand 無法限制，不行整理[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空①Soonschoolwillendandthevacationwillbeathand.②Higherreturnsandhigherriskusuallygohandinhand.③Wereceivedatypewrittenletterwithanoteaddedbyhand.SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句[教材原句P26]Inancienttimes，silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia，theMiddleEast，andRome，alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad．在古代，中國絲綢經(jīng)由一條陸路運(yùn)到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是出名的“絲綢之路”。[句式分析]句中whatbecameknownastheSilkRoad為what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作介詞along的賓語。[例1]They'vedonewhattheycantohelpher.他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。[例2]Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子了。[造句]好像過了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來。Afterwhatseemedlikehourshecameoutwithabittersmile.[學(xué)問拓展]what在名詞性從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語。該從句在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于“the＋名詞＋定語從句”。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子①WenowliveinwhatiscalledtheInformationAge.我們現(xiàn)在生活在所謂的信息時(shí)代。②Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave．我們得不到的東西好像比我們擁有的東西好。③Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobetenyearsago.中國不再是十年前的樣子了。eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句[教材原句P26]Overthecenturies，furthertradingallowedmoreexplorationoftheregionstothewestofChina，asrecordedinDuHuan'sRecordofMyTravelsintheeighthcentury．幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，隨著貿(mào)易的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)得到了更大的開發(fā)，這一點(diǎn)在8世紀(jì)杜環(huán)的《經(jīng)行記》中有所記載。[句式分析]句中asrecordedinDuHuan'sRecordofMyTravelsintheeighthcentury是關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，as指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。[例1]AsisknowntotheUnitedStates，MarkTwainisagreatAmericanwriter.美國人都知道，馬克·吐溫是一位宏大的美國作家。[例2]Heforgottobringhispenwithhim，aswasoftenthecase.他忘了帶筆，這是常有的事。[造句]正如我曾告知過你的，這也是你工作的一部分。AsItoldyoubefore，thisisalsopartofyourwork.[學(xué)問拓展](1)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意為“正如……”。(2)as在非限制性定語從句中作主語時(shí)，通?？捎胕t作形式主語，后接that引導(dǎo)的主語從句或用what引導(dǎo)的主語從句來轉(zhuǎn)換。[即學(xué)即練]——完成句子/一句多譯①Thisman，asyouknow，isgoodfornothing.這個(gè)人，正如你所知道的，一事無成。②Einstein，asiswellknown，isafamousscientist.＝ItiswellknownthatEinsteinisafamousscientist.＝WhatiswellknownisthatEinsteinisafamousscientist.眾所周知，愛因斯坦是一位聞名的科學(xué)家。1．[教材原句P26]Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures.分析：句中不定式短語tonegotiatetradedeals作目的狀語，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures為關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，修飾主句。譯文：在這里，來自中國和很多其他地方的商人聚集在一起協(xié)商貿(mào)易問題，這也使他們對彼此的文化有了更多的了解。2．[教材原句P27]AlthoughtheancientsearoutesofZhengHehavebeentravelledmanytimes，therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.分析：句中AlthoughtheancientsearoutesofZhengHehavebeentravelledmanytimes為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，不定式短語toexplore作名詞places的后置定語。譯文：雖然鄭和的古代海路已經(jīng)走過很多次了，但仍有很多地方值得探究。教材高考1.MarcoPolo'stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulworlds.2.Inancienttimes，silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia，theMiddleEast，andRome，alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.(2024·浙江卷)Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校內(nèi))likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestudents.3.AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean，centredaroundCeylon(nowSriLanka)．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic(邏輯)ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.4.Africanroyalfamiliessentgiftssuchasgiraffesasgesturesoffriendshipinreturnforgold，silk，andspices.(2024·浙江卷)Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars，theRoyalFamily，governmentleaders，andpopularsingersoractorsandactresses.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thefamilywasforcedtoliveoncreditfromlocalmerchants(merchant)．2．Wehaveprotectedourunityandstruggledtoperfectourunionbyextending(extend)basicrightstoallourpeople.3．Thepartyinofficehastonegotiatewiththepartiesoutofofficeoverthisproposal.4．Asapainterheisinaleagueofhisown.5．Shequicklywithdrew(withdraw)herhandfromthehotironthen.6．Therearefourspecializedradiochannels(channel)，whichbroadcastdifferentkindsofprogrammes.7．Ihesitated，notwantingtotelltales(tale)aboutmycolleague.8．Isawthemmakingtheirway，handinhand，downthepath.Ⅱ.短語填空setsail；inaleagueofone'sown；withdrawfrom；inhand；negotiatewith1．Whilepassengerslovetocomplainabouttaxidrivers，thedriversofNewYorkareinaleagueoftheirown．2．Sylvia，camerainhand，asked，“Wheredowegofirst？”3．ThelinersetsailforNewYorkat8：30.4．Abackinjuryforcedhertowithdrawfromthegame.5．Thetradeunionisnegotiatingwiththeemplo