高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法精講精練-名詞性從句

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法詞匯復(fù)習(xí)系列第十章名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(NounClauses)。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。高考重點(diǎn)要求：掌握主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)弄清名詞性從句的連詞的用法和意義根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)義確定使用何種從屬連詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)概述一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為兩類：1.名詞性that從句，即以that為連接詞的名詞性從句。that只能起連接主句和從句的作用，不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，無(wú)詞義。2.名詞性wh-從句，即以wh-詞連接的名詞性從句。Wh-詞包括：連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever連接副詞：when,where,how,why連接詞whether,if不充當(dāng)句子的任何成分。二、主語(yǔ)從句1.用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句。that從句作主語(yǔ)，that不能省略?！鳷hathelikessuchkindofbooksisveryinteresting.他喜歡這種書是非常有趣的?！鳺hetherhewillbeabletocomeremainsaquestion.他是否能夠來(lái)仍然是一個(gè)問(wèn)題?！鳺hatheislookingforisnoneofyourbusiness.他在找什么與你無(wú)關(guān)。2.很多主語(yǔ)從句都可以用that作形式主語(yǔ)。例如：Itisveryinterestingthathelikessuchkindofbooks.Itremainsaquestionwhetherhewillbeabletocome.3.It作形式主語(yǔ)主要包括以下幾種類型和搭配關(guān)系：1）It+be+adj.+從句

Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.

2）It+be+n.+從句

Itisapitythathemissedthelecture.3）It+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句

Itissaidthattheyhavewonthegame.4）It+be+vi.+從句Itseemsthatsomethingiswrongwiththecomputer.三、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，它位于主句的聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞之后。that從句作表語(yǔ)，that不能省略。表語(yǔ)從句只用whether，不用if?！鳷heproblemisthatsmokerscannotgowithoutsmoking.問(wèn)題是抽煙的人不抽煙就會(huì)感到難受?！鳷hequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.問(wèn)題是這是否值得做?！鳷hisiswherehehasworkedforyears.這就是他多年工作的地方。四、賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句在句中作賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的that可以省略。whether和if可互換，但介詞賓語(yǔ)或有ornot時(shí)，用whether.▲Theyknowthatthehabitmaykillthem.他們知道這個(gè)習(xí)慣能使他們致死?！鳷heydoubtwhetherornotJackisagoodstudent.他們懷疑Jack是否是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。▲Theywantedtoseewhichshopsofferedthebestadviceandservice.他們想了解哪家店提出的建議和提供的服務(wù)最好。五、同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句中先行詞不充當(dāng)從句成分，從句是用來(lái)解釋先行詞的內(nèi)容。That從句作同位語(yǔ)，that不能省略?！鳺ordcamethatourfootballteamhadwonthematch.消息傳來(lái)，我們的足球隊(duì)贏了比賽?！鳰ayIaskaquestionwhenthemeetingwillbeheld?我能否問(wèn)個(gè)問(wèn)題，會(huì)議什么時(shí)候舉行？第二節(jié)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一、復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需注意的要點(diǎn)1.由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)2.主句和從句要保持時(shí)態(tài)上的一致性，從句還要保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。3.當(dāng)從句是由選擇問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而成時(shí)，一定要用whether構(gòu)成whether...or結(jié)構(gòu)。4.That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a.It+be+adj.+that從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明顯……b.It+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat…從所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……c.It+be+n.+that從句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……d.It+be+vi.+that從句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……5.選擇性疑問(wèn)從句選擇性疑問(wèn)從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞whether…or或whether…ornot構(gòu)成，例如：PleasetellmewhethertheyareSwedishorDanish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。Idon'tcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、_____intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.A.Whatisrequired B.WhatrequiresC.Itisrequired D.Itrequires答案為C【解析】本句的結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有say,report,think,hope,expect,consider,suggest等。例2、Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_________roadconditionsneed_________.A.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimprovedC.where...improvingD.when...improving答案為A?！窘馕觥靠疾橥徽Z(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)橄刃性~在從句中不作任何成份，因此用關(guān)系詞that，故B、C、D均不正確。對(duì)于第2個(gè)空格，need既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，又可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，即needtodosth.，另外roadconditions與improve之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此是needtobeimproved(needtobedone=needdoing)。譯文：私家車受歡迎所涉及到的新問(wèn)題是道路狀況需要改善。例3、_________madetheschoolproudwas_________morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because答案為B?！窘馕觥縲hat引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在表語(yǔ)從句中起連接作用。例4、There'safeelinginme_______we'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what答案為A?！窘馕觥客徽Z(yǔ)從句thatwe'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever作afeeling的同位語(yǔ)，解釋afeeling的具體內(nèi)容。that連接同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只起連接作用不作從句的任何成分。譯文：我有一個(gè)這樣的感覺(jué)，我們不會(huì)知道什么是UFO——永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)。例5、Perseveranceisakindofquality—andthat's_______ittakestodoanythingwell.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why答案為A?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，what在表語(yǔ)從句中作takes的賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。譯文：堅(jiān)定不移是一種品質(zhì)——堅(jiān)定不移使人們做好任何事情。例6、Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that答案為A。【解析】這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，wants后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要填寫what。Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants是一句諺語(yǔ)，意思是“永遠(yuǎn)不折不扣地給予對(duì)方他想要的東西?！弊g文：當(dāng)你在找工作面試回答問(wèn)題時(shí)，請(qǐng)記住這條黃金定律：永遠(yuǎn)不折不扣地給予對(duì)方他想要的東西。例7、Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as答案為B。【解析】這是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)從句作information的同位語(yǔ)，解釋information的具體內(nèi)容。注意：that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句)的區(qū)別：that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，只起引導(dǎo)作用，在從句中不作成分。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that可省略，而在其他三個(gè)從句中，that雖不作成份，一般也不省略；what在這四個(gè)名詞從句中一定作成分，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。譯文：有消息說(shuō)，更多的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生將進(jìn)入大學(xué)。例8、Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why答案選C?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能從重病中很快康復(fù)?！崩?、—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat________youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where答案為A。【解析】這是一個(gè)why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，表示原因。這句話的意思是“這就是你為什么離開(kāi)幾天的原因嗎?”例10、________shecouldn'tunderstandwas________fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What...whyB.That...whatC.What...becauseD.Why...that答案選A?！窘馕觥恐髡Z(yǔ)從句shecouldn'tunderstand缺少賓語(yǔ)，要用What引導(dǎo)。表語(yǔ)從句fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons是一個(gè)完整的句子，要用why引導(dǎo)，意思是“為什么越來(lái)越少的學(xué)生對(duì)她的課感興趣”。第三節(jié)鞏固練習(xí)Direction:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerthatcompletesthesentence.1.____the2012OlympicGameswillbeheldinParisisnotknownyetA.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.while B.that C.if D.for3.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It4.ThewholefamilywereworriedaboutJanebecausenoonewasaware______shehadgone.A.thatwhere B.oftheplacewhich C.ofwhat D.ofwhere5._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.What B.That C.Thefact D.Thematter6.____youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.That B.What C.Which D.This7.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.Anyone B.Thereason C.Whoever D.Who8.____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.What B.That C.How D.Where9.____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.Who B.Theone C.Anyone D.Whoever10.Thequestionremains______thePartycanwinthemajorityofthepeople.A.that B.if C.whether D./11.Iremember____thisusedtobeaquietvillage. A.when B.how C.where D.what12.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywereexcited13.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.nomatterwho14.Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasput D.wherehasAliceput15.Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike16.Canyoutellme____?A.whoisthatgentleman B.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman17.Theywanttoknow____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey18.Wouldyoupleasetellme____theairport?A.howIcangetto B.howcanIgetto C.whereIcangetto D.whereIcangetto19.Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever20.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitis21.LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster____hehadthedaybefore.A.that B.how C.where D.what22.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere23.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereason B.That’swhy C.There’swhy D.It’show24.Itisimportant______youwinorlose;whatmattersishowyouplaythegame.A.whether B.asif C.whom D.that25.Therewasmuchcertainty______theboardofdirectorswouldagreetoourvariousproposalsforincreasingsales.A.which B.why C./ D.that26.Theyhavenoideaatall____.A.wherehehasgone B.theredidhegoC.whichplacehashegone D.wherehashegone27.Greenland,____islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers.A.itisthelargest B.thatisthelargest C.isthelargest D.thelargest28.____isnopossibility____BobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematchA.There…that B.It…that C.There…whether D.It…whether29.Wewillsoondiscusstheproblem______weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheanimalsandplantsinourregion.A.if B.whether C.that D.eversince30.____isquiteclear.A.Whereisthefighting B.WhyisthefightingC.Whatwaris D.Whatiswarbeing31.Thereason_______hedidn’tcometoourpartywas_______hetookamissingboybackhomeonhisway.A.why…because B.why…that C.that…why D.that…that32.____thatnotallgovernmentofficialsarehonest.A.Itseemstome B.Inmyopinion,IbelieveC.Mybelievingis D.Ithinkinmymind33.____ismoreandlessadvancedcanpassthetest.A.Anyone B.Who C.Whoever D.Astudent34._______landownershipinsomecountiesisunfair_______obvious.A.What…is B.Whether…are C.That…is D.If…is35.ThereasonIplantogois____ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillhaveadisappointmentD.onaccountofshewillbedisappointed36.Shewantedtoknow____.A.whetherIknewherandwheredidsheworkifIknowherandthefactorysheworkedtherewhetherIknewherandthefactorysheworkedifIknewherandthefactorywheresheworked37.Myfatherwouldn’ttellme____hisnewcar.A.howmuchhepaidfor B.howmuchdidhepayC.hepaidhowmuchfor D.didhepayhowmuch38.Asimpleexperimentshows____airhassomestrength.A.what B.that C.which D.who39.Ican’ttell______A.whatonemybrotherlikesbestwhichonemybrotherlikesbestthatonedoesmybrotherlikebestwhichonedoesmybrotherlikebest40._____wearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.That B.Which C.whether D.What41.Thebooklooks____ithadbeenoutintherain.A.that B.whether C.asthough D.what42.Shesaidthatshe____there