考研語法1課件

語法長難句（一）Loveistowomenwhatpoweristomen.Sheismorethankindtohim.Tobeistodo!“語法”想說愛你真的不容易！語法在完型的考察Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistener___interferewithhiscomprehension.A.whoB.asC.whichD.what語法在考研中如何考察？語法在閱讀中的考察GeorgeAnna,chairmanofthehealthlawdepartment,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.(02年閱讀)

語法在翻譯中的考察Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.只是在最近，語言學(xué)家們才開始認(rèn)真研究與他們自己所掌握的完全不同的語言。當(dāng)太陽落山的時(shí)候，我們正走到半路。Whenthesunset,wewerewalkingonthehalfway.Thesunsetmetusonthehalfway.?練習(xí)：在最近的幾年里，中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)，政治和文化發(fā)展迅速。Chinawitnesseditsspeedydevelopmentineconomy,politicsandcultureinrecentyears.修辭中的語法現(xiàn)象：考研英語語法體系句子成分分析詞法：名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，數(shù)詞，代詞，介詞語態(tài)：被動(dòng)，主動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)：八大時(shí)態(tài)三大從句：定語從句；狀語從句；名詞性從句非謂語動(dòng)詞:特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：倒裝，省略，強(qiáng)調(diào)，分隔，比較，否定基本重，難點(diǎn)

定語從句Theboy

who/thathelpedmeismybrother.A.Thisisthemountainvillage.B.Ivisiteditlastyear.C.Thisisthemountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlastyear.先行詞關(guān)系（代）詞Hisfatherdiedthatyear

whenhewasborn.Thefactory

wheremyfatherworkedtenyearsagoisoverthere.“人”時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原則2：關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分。TheboywhomImetyesterdayisTom.人，賓格原則1：先行詞決定關(guān)系詞的選用ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tcome.原因Thereisafactorywheremyfatherworks.=Thereisafactoryin

whichmyfatherworks

.定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換成介詞+which的形式Icannotforgetthedaywhenmyfamilymovedintothecity.=Icannotforgetthedayonwhich

myfamilymovedintothecity.Ilivesinahousewindowfacessouth.whose關(guān)系形容詞關(guān)系形容詞whose的先行詞既可以是人也可以是物！如果先行詞是物，whose=ofwhich;如果先行詞是人，whose=ofwhom=Ilivesinahouseofwhichwindowfacessouth.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor.Ofwhom★“how“不能引導(dǎo)定語從句Duringthe1940’sscienceandengineeringhadanimpactontheway

musicreacheditsaudienceandeveninfluencedtheway

itwascomposed.A.HowB.thatC.whichD.inwhichTheway+從句；Thewaythat+從句；Thewayinwhich+從句；非限定性定語從句？Ihaveasisterwhoisanurse.Ihaveasister,whoisanurse.我有一個(gè)當(dāng)護(hù)士的妹妹。我有一個(gè)妹妹，她是一名護(hù)士。1.外形不同：非從用逗號隔開，限從不用；2.所起作用不同，限從起修飾限制作用，去掉影響整個(gè)句子意思表達(dá)；非從起補(bǔ)充說明作用，去掉不影響句子意思。Tips：非限定性從句的先行詞可以是整個(gè)句子：Hegotthefirstprize,whichisoutofmyexpectation.非限定性定語從句Iknowtheboy，whowaspraisedbytheteacher.1.比較特殊的關(guān)系代詞“as”Ihavethesamebookasyou（have）.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Thisissuchabookaswasgiventome.

As可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，這種情況下經(jīng)常與same,so,such連用☆

定語從句中一些特殊的關(guān)系詞：考研中定語從句常見考點(diǎn)：最常見的結(jié)構(gòu)是as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句：Aseveryoneknows,tomisgoodatEnglish.As引導(dǎo)非限定語從句，指代的是整個(gè)句子。Thedecisionwaspostponed,whichwasexactlywhathewanted.Theearth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.2.As引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以放在句首，句中或句尾。ashasbeensaidabove，… asanybodycansee,… aswehadexpected,… 3.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有“正如”的含義Asistrueofanydevelopedsociety,inAmericaacomplexculturalsignals,assumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.(97text2）Familieshavealsoexperiencedchangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofoneparenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;consequently,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome__

wascommoninthetraditionalfamilystructure.A.thanB.thatC.whichD.asThan在這里做關(guān)系代詞，指代先行詞supervision,在后面的從句里做主語，這里的than起連詞和代詞的作用。說說定語從句中的“than”a.than做關(guān)系代詞一般在從句中做主語，或賓語b.than前面的主句需要有形容詞比較形式c.比較級所修飾的名詞即為先行詞…economycansustainahighergrowthratethan

mostpeoplethoughtplausiblejustayearortwoago.★關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的用法：Theyhavereachedthepoint

theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where☆where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞通常是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞；但是其先行詞也可以不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，只不過這些詞是“含有地點(diǎn)意義的名詞”，例如case,situation,point.★先行詞表示時(shí)間，不一定都用when引導(dǎo)定語從句I’llneverforgetthetimewhichIspentoncampus.I‘llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmetinthepark.When引導(dǎo)定語從句的前提條件有2個(gè)，除了先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞之外，從句中缺少的只能是時(shí)間狀語?！锱c地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間狀語從句的區(qū)別：①Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.②Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?IfoundIlostmywalletwhenIhadarrivedathome.Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityoffaculties,despitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirlivings.(06年翻譯）

Whereby

在考研閱讀中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)，等于“bywhich”

或“throughwhich”

“借此，憑這個(gè)”的意思，先行詞通常是表示方式的名詞，例如“method”。練習(xí)1.Speechhastobetriggeredandthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,

themotherrecognizethecuesandsignalsinthechild’scrying,smiling,andrespondstothem.

A.whenB.whichC.whyD.where2.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.定語從句的拆分？Step1.圈定句中動(dòng)詞Step2.圈定句中關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞①Thechildwhoseparentsdiedinthecarcrashwasleftinthecareofhisgrandparents.②ThefirstcaseofbirdfluthatwasreportedinThailandcapturedtheattentionofofficialsfrom③Shehastheconfidencewithwhichshecanovercomeeveryobstaclethatshemaycomeacrossinherlife.公式：動(dòng)詞1+關(guān)系詞+動(dòng)詞2or關(guān)系詞+動(dòng)詞1+動(dòng)詞2定語從句中的分隔結(jié)構(gòu)：1）先行詞與關(guān)系詞被分隔：①先行詞+其他定語+定從原因：先行詞本身帶有多個(gè)定語Todaystepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthat

warn，amongotherthings，thatyoumight—surprise—falloff.②先行詞+狀語+定語從句Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive–thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.②先行詞（做主語）+謂語部分＋定語從句Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificanswers.如何判斷先行詞？Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda

that

willgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywanderingthestreet.LodgingB.shelterC.dwellingD.houseForworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseof

thatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.A.ExcitementB.convictionC.enthusiasmD.importance★根據(jù)定語從句的意思確定先行詞；有的時(shí)候，我們可以通過謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來判斷先行詞！Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouth…2）帶有插入語的定語從句：Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a“funcard”,which

whenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablescasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.3）并列定語從句Forawhile,itlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,which

Americahadinventedand

whichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmo

whose

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