第09講定語(yǔ)從句（講義）-2024年中考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)（學(xué)生版）

?第09講定語(yǔ)從句（講義）目錄一復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)掌握目標(biāo)及備考方向二考情分析2023年中考定語(yǔ)從句考情分析三網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建知識(shí)點(diǎn)頭腦風(fēng)暴四定語(yǔ)從句的考向1.定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)2.關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/whose的用法3.關(guān)系副詞when/where/why的用法4.定語(yǔ)從句的分類和特殊用法5.提升必考題型歸納五真題感悟定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)典考題【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】1.掌握定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)2.掌握關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/whose的用法3.掌握關(guān)系副詞when/where/why的用法4.了解定語(yǔ)從句的分類及定語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法【考情分析】定語(yǔ)從句是中考的必考點(diǎn)，主要考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞及關(guān)系詞的辨析，考查角度以語(yǔ)境辨析為主?？疾樾问街饕詥雾?xiàng)選擇、完型填空、短文填空及語(yǔ)法填空為主。解題口訣：名代之后跟定從，先定所屬用whose。不是whose用that,沒(méi)有that定人物，物用which人用who,從句完整用關(guān)副?？谠E注釋在選擇關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，按照大招用如下順序做題：1.先看空前先行詞和空后詞的關(guān)系，如果兩個(gè)詞符合“所屬關(guān)系”,也就是“誰(shuí)的什么",則選擇whose。2.如果不是所屬關(guān)系，那么選項(xiàng)中如果有that直接選擇that。3.如果沒(méi)有that,就觀察先行詞，先行詞是物選which,先行詞是人選who。4.從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整時(shí)，選用關(guān)系副詞：(1)如果先行詞表示時(shí)間，則用when。(2)如果先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，則用where。(3)如果先行詞是reason,則用why。定語(yǔ)從句題型命題規(guī)律定語(yǔ)從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到定語(yǔ)從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握定語(yǔ)從句的用法。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句最為常見(jiàn)和?？?。定語(yǔ)從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞?？疾榈闹饕问绞菃雾?xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到定語(yǔ)從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握定語(yǔ)從句的用法。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句最為常見(jiàn)和?？肌！揪W(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】考向一定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)在復(fù)合句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose?！緢D示】定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where，when，why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。①①先行詞:被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞等。②關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞。③先行詞與關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系。定語(yǔ)從句先行詞與關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句先行詞與關(guān)系詞①關(guān)系代詞的用法:①關(guān)系代詞的用法:在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,指人或事物。②關(guān)系副詞的用法:在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系詞的用法①①主謂一致問(wèn)題。②關(guān)系代詞that和which.意的事項(xiàng)that和who的用法辨析。定語(yǔ)從句中需要注意的事項(xiàng)定語(yǔ)從句中需要注意的事項(xiàng)定語(yǔ)從句三要素即：1.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞（通常出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句前面）2.關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞）3.做成分：關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)成分考向二關(guān)系代詞that/which/who/whom/whose的用法I.定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞之關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人或物定語(yǔ)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.Asweallknow，sheisakindheartedgirl.as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略II.定語(yǔ)從句中的重要考點(diǎn)只能用that的情況：⑴先行詞為不定代詞all,none,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything，etc。⑵先行詞被all,each,few,little,much,some,any,no,every,等修飾時(shí)。⑶先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)。⑷先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,thenext修飾時(shí)。⑸先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)。⑹在以which,who開頭的的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),為避免重復(fù)。2.只能用which，不能用that的情況⑴介詞后面不能用that，指人只能用whom,指物只能用which⑵在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，即逗號(hào)后面不能用that，指人，做主語(yǔ)用who,賓語(yǔ)用whom;指物只能用which⑶指代前面整個(gè)句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻譯成中文為“這”。3．which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置靈活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有時(shí)還可插入主句中搭配上無(wú)動(dòng)詞的限制謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺(jué)或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，as(it)oftenhappens,asIremember,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected,asisknowntous,asisshown意思上意為“這一點(diǎn)”意為“正如……，正像……的那樣”注意：先行詞被such,asmany(much)和thesame修飾，從句用as引導(dǎo)?！皌hesame…that表示同一個(gè)人或物，而“thesame...as...”表示同種類的人或物Iwouldliketousethesametoolasyouusedyesterday.Iwouldliketousethesametoolthatyouusedyesterday.4.theway做先行詞時(shí)：theway做先行詞，在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可用inwhich,that,或者省略。作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which/that.（作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略）①Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewayeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(inwhich,that,不填))hesaidit.②Youspeaktoherinthewaywhich/thatIdon'tlike.考向三關(guān)系副詞when/where/why的用法關(guān)系副詞的指代及功能關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能when表示時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可用onwhichwhere表示地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)可用inwhichwhyreason原因狀語(yǔ)可用forwhich例句：①.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)Imether.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我見(jiàn)到她的那一天②.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。③.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?具體用法辨析1．關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Istillrememberthetime

when

Ifirsttravelledbyplane.我仍然記得第一次坐飛機(jī)旅行的時(shí)候。Wewillneverforgettheyear

when

the29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.我們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記第29屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)在北京舉辦的那一年。2．關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞應(yīng)是表示地點(diǎn)或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。I'dliketoliveinthehouse

where

thereisplentyofsunshine.我喜歡住在那個(gè)陽(yáng)光充足的房子里。3．關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞常常為reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Canyouexplainthe

reason(＝forwhich)why

youdon'thelphim?你能解釋一下不幫助他的理由嗎？Idon'tknowthereason

why

hedidn'tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他為什么沒(méi)向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因狀語(yǔ))Iwon'tlistentothereason

that/which

youhavegivenus.我堅(jiān)決不聽(tīng)你提供給我們的那個(gè)理由。(定語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以用which/that，不用why)二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介詞＋which”；關(guān)系代詞有時(shí)也用whose(作定語(yǔ))。選用介詞的依據(jù)：1．根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語(yǔ))。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLake

forwhich

Hangzhouisfamous.昨天我們參觀了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(befamousfor)2．根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語(yǔ))。Thisisthecamera

withwhich

heoftentakesphotos.這就是他經(jīng)常用來(lái)拍照的相機(jī)。(withthecamera)Theboss

inwhosepany

Mr.Kingworkedheardabouttheaccident.金先生所工作的公司的老板聽(tīng)到了這起事故。(inthe

boss'pany)3．根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)選擇。Thecolourlessgas

withoutwhich

wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.這種無(wú)色的、離了它我們就無(wú)法生存的氣體是氧氣。4．表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，通常用介詞of。Ihaveabout10books,

halfofwhich

werewrittenbyMoYan.我有大約10本書，其中一半是莫言寫的?？枷蛩亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的分類及特殊用法定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。(限制性)Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。(非限制性)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝?，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。注意：that和why不能用于非限制定語(yǔ)從句中。【注意】1、限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，去掉之后并不影響整個(gè)句子的含義。在形式上，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號(hào)隔開。FinallywevisitedtheGiantYangtzeGorgesDam,whichisthegreatestkeywatercontrolprojectintheworldatpresent.最后我們參觀了長(zhǎng)江三峽大壩，它是目前世界上最大的水利樞紐工程。2、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。ThatPeterwillmarryAlice,whichhasnotbeenannouncedyet,hasspreadaround.彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯這件事還沒(méi)宣布，卻已被傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。3、除which外，還可用when，where，who，whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,whereIspentmychildhoodandfouryearsofcollegelife.畢業(yè)后，我決定留在重慶，在那里我度過(guò)了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活?！咀⒁狻縯hat不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。4、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，如果先行詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略；但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省，同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。asas和which的區(qū)別as/which在句末，若有否定as錯(cuò)；句首只能用as，還有認(rèn)知猜想詞；固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as,thesame/such/so/as；so/such...that賓不離，so/such...as...賓要棄。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·吉林省第二實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校校考二模）Tomwasupsetbecausehelostthewatch________hismombought.A．what B．which C．who D．whose2．（2023·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考三模）Ilikelivinginthehouse________isbigandbright.A．that B．who C．how D．where3．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考三模）—HowdoyoulikethetriptoHarbin?—It’sworthgoingonthetrip________includesathreedaytouraroundHarbinandthreetimesoffree“crispysweetandsourpork(鍋包肉)”.A．it B．which C．who4．（2023·安徽蕪湖·統(tǒng)考三模）—DoyouknowGuAiling?—Ofcourse.SheisaChinesefreelyskiingplayer________gottwogoldmedalsatBeijing2022WinterOlympics.A．which B．who C．whom D．whose5．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考二模）Thenewfilm_________tellsaboutspaceisreallyinteresting.A．where B．which C．who D．what6．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考一模）—Beijingistheonlycity________hosted（舉辦）boththeWinterandSummerOlympics.—AsChinese,wefeelproudofourcountry.A．that B．what C．who7．（2023·福建寧德·統(tǒng)考二模）—MichelleYeoh________wonthebestactressOscarthisyearnevergivesupherdreams.—Yeah.Sosheachievedgreatsuccessattheageof60.A．who B．which C．what8．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考二模）—WhatapleasanttriptoYangzhou!—Yes,Iwillforeverrememberthefriendsandplacesofinterest__________Ivisitedhere.A．that B．which C．who9．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第十七中學(xué)校?？既＃㎡ctober1stisNationalDay.Itistheday________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.WeChinesecelebrateitindifferentways.A．which B．what C．onwhich10．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾·統(tǒng)考一模）ThefilmManjianghongshowedthisspringwasshown________notonlyYueFei,butalsoallmonpeople________lovehomeandcountry.A．remember;whereB．toremember;who C．remembering;which D．remembered;what11．（2023·福建廈門·統(tǒng)考二模）Theheroinmyheartistheone____________spreadsideastoencouragethepeopleinneed.A．where B．that C．which12．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·哈爾濱市第四十九中學(xué)校?？家荒＃猈hatdoyouthinkofMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero________keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.A．who B．which C．whom13．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考二模）ChinaisreadytoweleYaYaback.YaYaisagiant(大)panda________wasbornattheBeijingZooandtraveledtotheMemphisZoointheUSin2003.A．who B．whom C．whose14．（2023·四川成都·統(tǒng)考二模）HuangDiNeiJingistheearliestChinesemedicalbook________waswrittenintheWaningStatesPeriod(475BC221BC).A．who B．whom C．that15．（2023·福建三明·統(tǒng)考二模）Chinaisgettingbetteratmakinghitech(高科技)products________canbeboughtinallpartsoftheworld.A．which B．who C．what16．（2023·安徽·校聯(lián)考二模）Sayinggoodbyetomyschoolising.HereI’veplentyofnicememory________Iwanttorememberforever.A．which B．what C．who D．why17．（2023·福建龍巖·統(tǒng)考一模）—Whyareyousoworried?—I’velostthewatch________mydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A．who B．which C．what18．（2023·黑龍江哈爾濱·統(tǒng)考一模）Kids,Ihopeyou’llrememberthegoodolddays________wespenttogetherinjuniorhighschoolthoughit’stimetosaygoodbye.A．which B．who C．what19．（2023·四川成都·統(tǒng)考二模）JourneytotheWestisaTVplay________manyChinesepeopleliketowatch.A．why B．who C．that20．（2023·湖北咸寧·統(tǒng)考一模）—Tom,I’mverygladtoseethatChineseiceteaissopopularwithpeople.—Yes,weallneedproducts________canmakeusfeelrelaxed.A．/ B．that C．who D．whom二、語(yǔ)法選擇（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，從1～15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑?！癙oorGrandma!Iwishwecoulddosomethingtocheerherup,”AmysaidtoherbrotherMark.Grandmahadfallenandbrokenherleg.Thedoctorsaidshewouldbeinbed21sixweeks.Grandmawasveryactiveandlovedtoworkinhergarden,22shewouldnotlikesittinginherchairwaitingforherleg23wellagain.“Ihave24idea,”saidMark.“Isawsomepicturesofterrariums（栽培盒）inamagazine.Terrariumsarelittleindoorgardensthat25inglassbottles.Let’smakeaterrariumforGrandma,soshecanenjoyagardenin26house.”Amyagreed,sothetwoofthemfoundthemagazine27toldthemhowtomakeaterrariumandshowedittotheirmother.Shesaid28aterrariumwouldbeaperfectgiftforGrandma.ShehelpedAmyandMark29alarge,clearglassbottle.Afteratriptothegardenshoptobuythematerials,they30tobuildtheterrarium.First,theyputsomedrainagematerial（排水材料）atthebottomofthebottle.Thiswouldkeepthesoilfrom31toowet.Next,theyaddedsomedark,richsoil.Nowtheywereready32theplants.Amyhadchosentwoplantsatthegardenshop.Onewastallwithlong,thin,greenleaves.33wasshortwithbrightpinkflowers.Tomaketheterrariumeven34Amyplacedrocksofdifferentcoloursandbrightgreenmoss（苔蘚）aroundtheplants.Finally,theywateredtheplants.35AmyandMarkshowedGrandmahernewterrarium,shewassopleased.Nowshehadabeautifullittlegardentoenjoyrightinsideherhome.21．A．of B．for C．a(chǎn)t D．on22．A．so B．but C．or D．because23．A．bee B．became C．being D．tobee24．A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/25．A．cangrow B．canbegrow C．canbegrown D．canbegrew26．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself27．A．who B．whom C．which D．whose28．A．that B．what C．how D．whether29．A．finds B．finding C．found D．find30．A．begin B．a(chǎn)rebeginning C．began D．willbegin31．A．get B．toget C．got D．getting32．A．toadd B．a(chǎn)dd C．a(chǎn)dding D．a(chǎn)dded33．A．Another B．Theother C．Other D．Others34．A．colourful B．colourfully C．morecolourful D．mostcolourful35．A．Until B．After C．Before D．When三、語(yǔ)法填空（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式。Parents,especiallythoseofteenagers,careabouttheirchildren’seducationmorethan36(something)else.Theywoulddoeverythingfortheirchildren.Manyofthemspendmostoftheirsparetime37(help)theirchildrenwiththeirstudies.Iftheyhavenotimeorcannotdoitthemselves,theywouldfindfamilyteachers38sendtheirchildrentoafterclassschools.Itseemsasifabettereducationisallthatparentscanprovideforchildren.Howcanweexplainthepresentsituation?Firstofall,manyparentshave39(realize)thatfuturesuccessdependsmoreandmoreon40(skill)andeducation.Secondly,inoursocietytodaytherearebothlosersand41(win).