新高考英語二輪復習題型歸納與變式演練專題43 概要寫作高分技巧與演練（原卷版）

專題43概要寫作高分技巧與演練（原卷版）目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u專題43概要寫作高分技巧與演練（原卷版） 1Part1命題解讀 1Part2思維導圖 2Part3概要寫作評分標準及解讀 2（1）總結 3（2）評分原則 3（3）高考真題與樣卷特點 4Part4四步突破法 4第1步：讀懂原文，明確篇章結構 4第2步：去次留精，提煉關鍵信息 4第3步：歸納要點，合理轉換表達 5第4步：句式多樣，注意過渡銜接 5Part5高考真題 61．2019年6月浙江卷 62．2018年11月浙江卷 73．考試說明樣卷 8Part7模擬演練 91.1 92.2 103.3 114.4 125.5 13Part1命題解讀 概要寫作是新高考啟用的新題型，給出一篇300字左右的文章(體裁多為說明文、記敘文，練習時偶見其它文體)，要求縮寫成一篇不超過60字的小短文，縮寫的內容覆蓋原文的要點。概要寫作是對原文的高度濃縮，是閱讀者在不改變原文的中心思想、體裁和結構的前提下用簡潔、精煉的語言表述一篇文章的主要內容、基本觀點或事實。它主要包括閱讀和寫作兩個過程。Part2思維導圖Part3概要寫作評分標準及解讀檔次描述第五檔（21-25）—理解準確，涵蓋全部要點；—能準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯；—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊；—完全使用自己的語言。第四檔（16-20）—理解準確，涵蓋絕大部分要點；—所使用語法結構和詞匯可能有些許錯誤，但完全不影響意義表達；—比較有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊；—有個別整句抄自原文。第三檔（11-15）—理解較為準確，涵蓋大部分要點；—所使用語法結構和詞匯雖有些錯誤，但不影響意義表達；—應用簡單的語句間連接成分，使上下文內容連貫；—出現兩句以上整句抄自原文現象。第二檔（6-10）—理解有誤差，僅涵蓋半數要點；—有些語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，影響了意義的表達；—較少使用語句間的連接成分，全文內容缺少連貫性；—出現兩句以上整句抄自原文現象。第一檔（1-5）—沒有理解原文，造成概要內容與原文主題不符；—有較多語法結構和詞匯方面的錯誤，嚴重影響了意義的表達；—缺乏語句間的連接成分，全文內容不連貫；—多個句子抄自原文。0白卷、內容太少無法評判或所寫內容與所提供內容無關。（1）總結1.簡潔性：即用盡量少的語言對較長原文的簡潔重述；2.自主性：即用自己的話語進行概寫，避免對原文進行抄襲照搬；3.理解性：即表現作者對原文本的精準理解。需要注意的是，考生不能對原文進行解釋和評論，也不能摻雜任何個人想法，或做出任何評判，因此不能出現“Ibelieve”,

“Ithink”等字句；4.忠實性：即概寫內容和中心思想必須忠于原文主旨，不可偏離主題、肆意篡改；5.連貫性：概要寫作并非簡單羅列要點，各個要點之間要有恰當銜接，使概要銜接緊密、脈絡清晰。寫出的概要讀起來要完整連貫、獨立成篇。（2）評分原則1.本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。2.評分時，先根據所寫概要的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調整檔次，最后給分。3.詞數少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。4.評分時，應主要從以下四個方面考慮：(1)對原文要點的理解和呈現情況；(2)應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性；(3)上下文的連貫性；(4)對各要點表達的獨立性情況。5.拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。6.如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數降低一個檔次。（3）高考真題與樣卷特點卷別長度體裁

主題類型2019.6369說明文父母如何恰當表揚孩子概要2018.11358說明文在申請大學前，最好親自提前了解大學相關信息概要考試說明樣卷398議論文在歷史發(fā)展過程中，人們對于灰塵的看法在不斷地發(fā)生變化概要Part4四步突破法 第1步：讀懂原文，明確篇章結構寫概要之前，一定要先通讀原文，確定文章的體裁和主題。在正確把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明確原文的篇章結構。根據意義劃分文中的自然段，意義段的數量對應的就是要點的數量。[提醒]一個自然段不一定是一個要點，有時幾個自然段說明一個要點，有時一個自然段包含數個要點。 第2步：去次留精，提煉關鍵信息·明確全文的篇章結構后，就要處理原文的內容，目的是保留主要內容，刪除次要內容?！は日页鲋黝}句，同時標注與主題相關的關鍵詞，最后歸納的要點往往是這些詞句的同義轉述?！ぴ拿枋鲂缘恼Z言、細節(jié)性的信息如列舉數字和列舉的事例等無須在概要中一一列出。例如：eq\a\vs4\al(Don'tforgettheclock)—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeq\a\vs4\al(eatslowly)tendtoeq\a\vs4\al(consume)about70eq\a\vs4\al(fewercalories)(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.eq\a\vs4\al(Beginkeepingtrackofthetime)，andtrytoeq\a\vs4\al(makedinnerlastatleast30minutes).Andwhileyou'reatit,actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown,turnrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(畫線部分為主題句)本段落主要內容為吃飯慢減少對熱量的攝入，因此要將用餐時間延長至至少三十分鐘。用自己的語言將畫線部分重組后，關鍵信息如下：Recordthetimeandsetdinnertimeforhalfanhouraseatingslowlyhelpstakeinlesscalories. 第3步：歸納要點，合理轉換表達明確每個意義段的關鍵信息后，接下來應用自己的語言準確地表達各意義段的要點。為避免和原文的句子重復，可利用同義轉述和句式轉換這兩種形式歸納要點。各要點的詞數應根據文中對應內容的篇幅來定，分清主次。轉換表達注意遵循2個原則①不增不減不曲：客觀精準地表述原文要點，不增添不屬于原材料的信息或刪減原材料關鍵信息或改變原材料所表達的意思。②不繁：在正確理解原文的前提下，用簡潔的語言表達與所給材料一致的信息。例如：Yourhousemayhaveaneq\a\vs4\al(effect)onyoureq\a\vs4\al(figure).Expertssaythewayyoueq\a\vs4\al(design)youreq\a\vs4\al(home)couldeq\a\vs4\al(playarolein)whetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff.Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.Herearesomeeq\a\vs4\al(ways)toturnyoureq\a\vs4\al(home)intopartofyoureq\a\vs4\al(diet)plan.(畫線句為主題句)主題句關鍵詞如畫線所示：The_wayyoudesignyourhomemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure.Herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan.轉換表達時可利用同義替換將ways改為tips;Thewayyoudesignyourhome改為Howtohaveyourhomedesigned。主題句轉換為Howtohaveyourhomedesignedaffectsyourfigure.Belowaretipstodesignyourhometohelpdiet. 第4步：句式多樣，注意過渡銜接在概要中合理使用非謂語、從句和特殊句式等使句式豐富多樣，但句子結構不可過長，也不要用太復雜的句子結構。同時選用適當的過渡銜接詞銜接上下文，保證概要部分內容的連貫性?！静呗匝菔尽块喿x下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。 (2018年11月，浙江卷)It'sareallyeq\a\vs4\al(goodidea)toeq\a\vs4\al(visitcolleges)beforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisiting_and_seeing_for_yourself_the_dorms,_classrooms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_of_course,_the_students.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyifeq\a\vs4\al(theschoolsyouareapplyingto)eq\a\vs4\al(happentobemorethanacarrideaway).Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'seq\a\vs4\al(noexcuse)nottoeq\a\vs4\al(visit)theeq\a\vs4\al(schools)inyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,eq\a\vs4\al(gotocheckitout)！Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldeq\a\vs4\al(findsometime)betweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstoeq\a\vs4\al(visit)theeq\a\vs4\al(schools)you'dliketoattend.It_can_save_you_a_lot_of_heartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,theneq\a\vs4\al(checkout)theeq\a\vs4\al(onlinecollegefairs)atCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part5高考真題2019年6月浙江卷閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorof

TheAtoZGuide

toRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward."Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorof

ParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters."Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate（相稱的）totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.2018年11月浙江卷閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus（校園）likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheadacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors（顧問）,anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairatcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.考試說明樣卷Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.

Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughtolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好處)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18century.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?

Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫學家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.Part7模擬演練1閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Itisimportantthatyouteachyourbabytoreadatanearlyage.Why?Obviously,beingabletoreadisthebasisforanysuccessfuleducation,sotheearliertheystart,thebetter.Alltoooften,parentsleaveeducatingtheirchildrenuptoschools,whichprobablyexplainswhytheUnitedStatesiscurrentlyranked18thinitsrateofreadingandwriting.Teachingyourbabytoreadprovidesbrainexerciseandithasalsobeenshowntoincreasethebaby’sIQbecausethereissimplynobettertimeinaperson’slifeforlearningthanwhentheyarebabies.Duringthistime,theirbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.Thesoonertheybegintoread,thesoonertheycanbegintolearnothersubjects.Thisway,bythetimeyourchildrenbeginschool,theywillalreadyknowwhat’sbeingtaught,andwillbeputonthefasttrack.Maybetheywillevenskipagradedowntheroad.Oneofthecaseswas17-month-oldElizabethBarrettwhodrewpublic’sattention.Shewasgivenaseriesofwordsandevensentencesthatshecouldreadquitewell.Herparentshadbeenreadingtohersinceshewasbornandhadprovidedherwithaveryearlyeducation.Readingisthemostimportantthingtoteachbabiesatayoungage.Itdoesn’thavetobestressfulordifficultforyourchild.Learningcanbefunatsuchanearlyage,anditcanbeaccomplishedsoeasilythattheywon’thavetostruggleinordertolearn.Ifyou’reinterestedinteachingyourbabytoread，thebestwaytostartisbyspendingjustafewminuteseveryday.Flashcardsareahelpfultool.Simplyshowyourbabymatchingpictureontheoppositeside.Therearealsovideosthathelptoteachbabiestoread.Thereisnobettertimetoteachyourbabytoreadthanthepresent.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Themantarayisoneofthelargestfishesintheworld,reachingupto29feetinwidth.Andmantaraysaresomeofthefriendliestcreatures.Theyallowdiverstoswimrightuptothem.Unfortunately,thesegentleanimalsareinbigtrouble.Since2011,mantarayshavebeenlistedasathreatenedspeciesworldwide.Overfishingisconsideredthebiggestthreattogiantmantanumbers,bothintentionalandaccidental.Peoplecatchmantaraysfortheirgillplates—thepartsthroughwhichtheyfiltertheirfoodfromseawater—aresoldinChinaformedicalpurposes.Drivenbythehugedemand,fishermenhavehuntedthemmercilessly.From2010to2013,thenumberofrayskilledannuallytosupplythegillplatemarkettripledto150,000.Clearly,overfishingisbadforanyseacreature,butit’sevenworseforgiantmantarays.Femalemantasusuallyhaveonlyonebaby,everytwotofiveyears.Soeverymantaraythatwascaughthurtsthepopulationinabigway.Toprotectgiantmantapopulation,Peru,acountryinSouthAmerica,recentlytookabigsteptoprotectgiantmantarays.Itbannedfishingforthem.Peoplewhobreakthelawcanbefinedorhavetheirfishinglicensestakenaway.Evenmantarayscaughtaccidentallyinfishingnetsmustbereleased.Althoughothercountrieshavepassedlawstoprotectmantarays,Peru’smaybethemostimportantoneyet,becausetherearemoregiantmantaraysinthePacificOceannearPeruthaninanyotherplaceintheworld.ScientistsworkingintheMantaTrust,anorganizationthatresearchesmantarays,arealsotryingtoprotectmantaraysbylearningmoreaboutthem.Earlierthisyear,theorganizationattachedvideocameras,calledCrittercams,tomantaraysoffthewestcoastofMexico.Thephotosthecamerascollectcouldhelpresearcherspredictwhereandwhenmantaraysswim.Thescientistcouldusetheinformationtowarnfishingboatstoavoidtheseareas,helpingreducethenumberofaccidentallycaughtmantarays.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Parentsalwayswantthebestfortheirchildrenandgivingthem;thebesteducationisalwaysontopofthelist.Butifyouthinkeducationisalltheyneed,maybeyoushouldthinktwice.Sure,youlearnalotofthingsinschool,butthereareimportantlessonsandskillsyouwillneedinlifethatonecanonlylearnathome.Therefore,teachingthechildrentodohouseholdchoresisveryhelpfulintheirgrowth.Mostfamiliesnowadayshirehousemaidstodothechores,sochildrendon’tgettoexperiencedoingitanymore.Butstudiesarguethatit’sstillnecessarytoletchildrendothem.Helpingathomecanbeatrainingplaceforyourchildrentowhateverresponsibilitiestheymayhaveinthefuture.Bydoingso,theycanlearnwhatmightbeoftheiradvantagewhentheygrowup.“Performingchoresofferskidsafeelingofself-sufficiency,helpsthemdevelopaworkethic,istiedtoacademicsuccessinschool,makesthemfeelusefulandteachesthemtheimportanceofhelpingothersandcontributingtothegreatergood.”Although,mostparentscanalsoarguethatitisnoteasytoforcetheirchildrentodochores.Itisanatureforthechildrentorefusetodochoreswhentheyaretoldto.Buttherearewaysthatcanturnhouseholdchoresintoamorelikelyactivityforthechildren.First,startthemyoung.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyouletyourchildrendohugetasksatanearlyage.Youcangraduallyincreasetheleveloftasksastheygrowoldbutnevereverpushthemtoohard.Second,appreciateeverylittleachievement.Praisethemorgivethemsomething.Childrenloverewardsanditdrivesthemtodobetter.Mostimportantly,letthemknowthataskingthemtohelp-outisnotapunishment.Choresshouldneverbeusedasapunishment.Theymightgetdoneintheshortterm,buttheeffectswon’tlast.Thisapproachdoesnotgivethechildthefeelingofdoingsomethingbecauseitistherightthingtodo.Itonlymakesthemhatechoresandhopingoutevenmore.Choresshouldbeusedasasenseofpurpose.Explaintothemthatitisfortheirbenefitandeverythingtheylearnfromitisfortheiradvantage.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4閱讀下面短文，根據內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Beesareverystrangecreatures.Theyhavetheirownwayoftellingeachotherthattheyhavefoundanewflower.Theybringsomeofitsnectar(花蜜)backhomeandthendoalittledancethatshowswheretheflowerisandhowfarawayitis.Inautumntheworkerbeesgooutandcollectasmuchnectarandpollen(花粉)astheycancarry.Thentheyreturntomakehoneyandstoreitforthelongcoldwinter.Beesbuildtheirownhousesbuttheydonotalwayshaveroundtopslikepeopledrawtheminstorybooks.Theyareusuallyfivestoreyshigh.Thequeenbeealwayshasthebottomstorey.Inbetweenthebottomstoreyandalltheresttherearebarsonlyjustwideenoughfortheworkerstopassthrough.Thequeenbeecannevergouptotheotherfloorsbecausesheisbiggerthanalltheotherbees.Thestoreysthequeencan’tenterarewherethestoreroomsare.Thereareroomsforpollen,nectarandroyaljellies(蜂王漿).Ifthereisafiretheworkershavetocoverthewallsandentranceoftherooms.Theyhavetomovethehoneyandthenectarandpollenawayfromthehotwallsoftheroom.Thequeenistheonlythatcanlayeggs.Shemateswithamalebeecalledadrone.Oncethequeenhaslaidtheeggsshethrowsthedroneoutbecauseadronejustsitsaroundeatinghoneyandnectar.Hecannotgooutandcollectpollenbecausedronesdonothavepollen-carryingthingsontheirlegsliketheworkershave.Youngbeesarecallednursesbecausetheyhavetonursethenewbornbeeswhethertheylikeitornot.Whatabeeendsupbeingwhenitgrowsupdependsonwhatiteats.Ifitistobeaqueenitmustfeedonroyaljelliesanditmustnever,everseteyesonanotherqueen.Ifitdoestheymustfighttillonlyoneofthemisstillalive.5閱讀下面短文，根據內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。Collegestudentsneedtextbookstohelpthemlearnandearnanacademicdegree.However,ontopoftuition,roomandboardandmeals,whyaretextbookssoexpensive?Textbookscovermanyareasofknowledge.Theyarepreparedspecific