新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型歸納與變式演練專題11 應(yīng)用文體類閱讀理解（解析版）

專題11應(yīng)用文體類閱讀理解（解析版）應(yīng)用信息文是用來處理和解決生產(chǎn)、學(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活中的實際事務(wù)和問題的一種文章，它具有很強的實用性。它的最基本特點就是“用”，為用而寫，有用才寫，內(nèi)容十分貼近生活。該文體一般可分為兩大類：一類是說明性應(yīng)用文，包括廣告、啟事、海報、守則、公告、指南、個人簡歷、備忘錄、摘要等；另一類是敘述性應(yīng)用文，如書信、日記、便條、報告、請?zhí)?。目的都是向讀者傳輸信息。高考試題主要涉及宣傳廣告、公告類應(yīng)用文，偶爾也會有書信類文章出現(xiàn)。從近三年高考全國卷閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的話題分布情況可知，前一類是應(yīng)用文命題的首選題材，其中包括廣告、海報和指南等。一、解題策略 1.考情分析全國高考英語考試說明明確指出，要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文章，這說明了應(yīng)用文文體在高考英語中的重要性。這個特點在歷年高考試題中有明顯的印證，不管是全國高考卷，還是省區(qū)高考卷中基本每年都涉及應(yīng)用文文體的考查，這充分體現(xiàn)了＂為用而學(xué)，學(xué)以致用＂的新課程理念。因此，考生很有必要認真研讀閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的特征和命題特點，并掌握一定的解題方法。本文擬結(jié)合近年高考英語全國卷閱讀理解中所涉及的應(yīng)用文文體，幫助考生提高閱讀理解的解題能力。應(yīng)用信息文主要考查類型1.廣告*2.專業(yè)說明*3.簡介4.書信通知（注：加*為重點考查類型） 2.記敘文特點在高考英語閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文體的考查主要有如下幾個特點：1.就文體特點而言，應(yīng)用文主要是為了向讀者傳遞信息，措辭簡潔明了，一般來說，和所述問題無關(guān)的文字不會出現(xiàn)。例如很多文章沒有標(biāo)題，甚至通篇沒有一個完整的句子，而是用詞、數(shù)字、縮寫、短語等來替代。3.就形式特點而言，標(biāo)題醒目，重點突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項目符號使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更鮮明。4.就語言特點來說，文章充斥大量冗長而生僻的專有名詞，如人名、地名、機構(gòu)名、組織名、書籍名、作品名等等，而且沒有漢語注釋?？s略詞、祈使句、省略句多。5.在行文方式方面，應(yīng)用文的每種文體都有固定的格式。敘述性應(yīng)用文采用一般記敘文的寫作方法，無特別之處；說明性應(yīng)用文的行文呈排列式，即以小標(biāo)題為單位逐一下行排列。6.就命題特點來說，高考英語應(yīng)用文的設(shè)問一般是按照文章段落的順序依次設(shè)置，主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的能力，既考查對特定細節(jié)的選取、排除、類比、綜合，又注重推理判斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對容易。具體講來主要有四大類：(1)細節(jié)理解題，即要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節(jié)進行理解。這一題型常見的命題方式有事實認定題、圖形辨認題、數(shù)字運算題等。(2)推理判斷題。這類題主要考查考生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過分析語篇的邏輯關(guān)系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題。(3)主旨大意題。該類題主要考查考生對所讀材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、中心思想等。(4)詞義猜測題，即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義。 3.得分要點考生必須掌握應(yīng)對應(yīng)用文閱讀的一些常見技巧或方法，這樣有利于快速、準確地答題。1.夯實基礎(chǔ)盡量多積累一些非考綱單詞和一些常見的縮寫詞語，由于應(yīng)用文中常常出現(xiàn)大量的縮寫詞和一些生詞，這就要求同學(xué)們平時要在老師的指導(dǎo)下，有意識地盡量多積累一些非考綱單詞和一些常見的縮寫詞語。例如：表時間，路程，數(shù)量：am=morning，pm=afternoon，Mon=Monday，Jan.=January，hr=hour，hrs=hours，P.W.=perweek，ml=mile，doz=dozen，Max=maximum，Min=minimum表通信和影視設(shè)備：Te1.=telephonenumber，Ph.=phone表媒體：VOA=VoiceofAmerica，BBC=BritishBroadcastingCorporation表學(xué)歷、職業(yè)：MA=MasterofArts，BSdegree=bachelor’sdegree(學(xué)士學(xué)位)，prof.=professor，Dr.=doctor，VIP=veryimportantpersons表國家、組織、地點：theUSA=theUnitedStatesofAmerica，thePRC=thePeople’sRepublicofChina，WTO=WorldTradeOrganization，co.=company，Add(r).=address，Sta=Station，Mt=Mountain表方向：s=south，n=north，w=west，e=east其他：Lid=Limited，P=page，pop=popular，Xmas=Christmas，info=information，ad=advertisement，vs=versus，PC=personalcomputer等等。2.宜采用＂題干定位法＂應(yīng)用文閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能滿足各種人對信息的需求，但在高考試題中，常常是就某一點提問，以細節(jié)理解題為主，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾全部仔細閱讀，因為材料中有很多冗余無效信息。做此類題時，宜采用＂題干定位法＂，即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題要求，按照題目順序依次有針對性地結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，閱讀相關(guān)部分，快速尋找有效信息，再把原文和選項相比較。當(dāng)問題與材料相同的時候，對號入座；如果問題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實等。要注意根據(jù)所提問題采用尋讀、跳讀的方法，這樣往往可以達到事半功倍的效果。3.補全成分法省略詞和省略句在應(yīng)用文閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，對于影響語境理解的省略情況，我們應(yīng)結(jié)合全文語境及邏輯關(guān)系將省略句補全，從而更加準確地理解。例如：Driverwanted.根據(jù)文意，可將該句補充為＂Adriverwillbewanted.(招聘一名司機。)＂。4.排除法排除法在應(yīng)用文閱讀中也應(yīng)用得較多，即排除與文章內(nèi)容不一致的錯誤信息，從而確定正確選項。應(yīng)用信息文解題注意事項1.不要刻意理解每個詞，切勿對內(nèi)容過分進行理解；2.文章每一段落相互獨立。應(yīng)用信息文解題步驟1.讀準第一段（含題目），把握文章中心；2.按順序略讀小標(biāo)題，把握文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)分布；3.針對每道小題，按順序在文中尋找答案。二、高考真題一、2022年高考真題【2022年6月新高考1卷A篇】GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudent’sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.【2022年6月新高考2卷A篇】Children’sDiscoveryMuseumGeneralInformationaboutGroupPlayPricingGroupPlay$7/personScholarshipsWeofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.ScholarshipsareforGroupPlayadmissionfeesand/ortransportation.Transportationinvoices(發(fā)票)mustbereceivedwithin60daysofyourvisittoguaranteethescholarship.GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,pleasecalltodiscussoptions.HoursTheMuseumisopendailyfrom9:30amto4:30pm.GroupPlaymaybescheduledduringanydayortimetheMuseumisopen.RegistrationPolicyRegistrationmustbemadeatleasttwoweeksinadvance.RegisteronlineorfilloutaGroupPlayRegistrationFormwithmultipledateandstarttimeoptions.Oncetheregistrationformisreceivedandprocessed,wewillsendaconfirmationemailwithintwobusinessdays.Guidelines●Teachersandchaperonesshouldmodelgoodbehaviorforthegroupandremainwithstudentsatalltimes.●ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.●Childrenshouldplaynicelywitheachotherandexhibits.●UseyourindoorvoicewhenattheMuseum.1.Whatdoesagroupneedtodoiftheyareofferedascholarship?A.Prepaytheadmissionfees. B.UsetheMuseum’stransportation.C.Takeasurveyafterthevisit. D.Scheduletheirvisitonweekdays.2.Howmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.3.WhatarechildrenprohibitedfromdoingattheMuseum?A.Usingthecomputer. B.Talkingwitheachother.C.Touchingtheexhibits. D.Exploringtheplacealone.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章提供了關(guān)于兒童博物館團體游的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Scholarship標(biāo)題下“Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.Participationinapost-visitsurveyisrequired.(我們會視情況而定，為低收入學(xué)校和青年組織提供獎學(xué)金，并需要其參與訪問后調(diào)查問卷)”可知，如果一個團體獲得了獎學(xué)金，需要在參加一個訪后的調(diào)查問卷，與選項C“Takeasurveyafterthevisit.(接受參觀后的問卷調(diào)查)”屬于同義替換，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GroupSize”標(biāo)題下“Werequireonechaperone(監(jiān)護人)pertenchildren.(我們要求每十個孩子有一個監(jiān)護人)”可知，10個孩子需要1個監(jiān)護人，那么30個孩子則需要3個監(jiān)護人。故選C。3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Guidelines”標(biāo)題下“ChildrenarenotallowedunaccompaniedinallareasoftheMuseum.(無人陪伴的兒童不得進入博物館的所有區(qū)域)”可知，兒童必須在監(jiān)護人陪伴下才能進入博物館，即兒童不能單獨進入博物館進行探索。與選項D“Exploringtheplacealone.(獨自探索博物館)”屬于同義替換，故選D。【2022年6月全國甲卷A篇】TheatresandEntertainmentStDavid’sHallStDavid’sHallistheawardwinningNationalConcertHallofWalesstandingattheveryheartofCardiff’sentertainmentcentre.Withanimpressive2,000-seatconcerthall,StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff.Itpresentsliveentertainment,includingpop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,worldmusic,filmsandclassicalmusic.TheHayes,CardiffCF101AHwww.stdavidshallcardiff.co.ukTheGleeClubEveryweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere.MermaidQuay,CardiffBay,CardiffCF105BZwww.glee.co.uk/cardiffShermanCymruShermanCymru’stheatreintheCathaysareaofCardiffreopenedinFebruary2012.Thisspecialbuildingisaplaceinwhichtheatreismadeandwherechildren,artists,writersandanyoneelsehavetheopportunity(機會)todocreativethings.ShermanCymruisexcitedtopresentapackedprogrammeoftheverybesttheatre,dance,familyshowsandmusicfromWalesandtherestoftheworld.SenghennyddRoad,CardiffCF244YEwww.shermancymru.co.ukNewTheatreTheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicals,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years.PresentingthebestoftheWestEndalongwiththepickoftheUK’stouringshows,theNewTheatreisCardiff’soldestsurvivingtraditionaltheatre.Besuretopayavisitaspartofyourstayinthecity.ParkPlace,CardiffCF103LNwww.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk21.WhereistheWelshPromsCardiffhosted?A.AttheNewTheatre. B.AttheGleeClub.C.AtShermanCymru. D.AtStDavid’sHall.22.WhatcanpeopledoattheGleeClub?A.Watchmusicals. B.Enjoycomedies.C.Seefamilyshows. D.Docreativethings.23.WhichwebsitecanyouvisittolearnaboutCardiff’soldestsurvivingtheatre?A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B.www.shermancymru.co.ukC.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Cardiff當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍﹦≡汉蛫蕵穲鏊??！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“StDavid’sHall”部分中的“StDavid’sHallishometotheannualWelshPromsCardiff(StDavid’sHall是Cardiff一年一度的WelshProms的舉辦地)”可知，Cardiff的WelshProms活動在StDavid’sHall舉辦。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“TheGleeClub”部分中的“Ifyouarelookingforthebestcomediesontourandbrilliantlivemusic,youshouldstarthere(如果你正在尋找巡演中最好的喜劇和精彩的現(xiàn)場音樂，你應(yīng)該從這里開始)”可知，人們可以在TheGleeClub享受喜劇。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“NewTheatre”部分中的“TheNewTheatrehasbeenthehomeofqualitydrama,musicians,danceandchildren’sshowsformorethan100years(100多年來，NewTheatre一直是優(yōu)質(zhì)戲劇、音樂家、舞蹈和兒童節(jié)目的發(fā)源地)”以及其下面的網(wǎng)站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk網(wǎng)站找到Cardiff存在最久的劇院。故選A。【2022年6月全國乙卷A篇】HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)TheExhibitionThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland’sbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.LectureSeriesScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.AnIntroductiontoRaeburnSunday26Oct.,15.00DUNCANTHOMSONRaeburn’sEnglishContemporariesThursday30Oct.,13.10JUDYEGERTONCharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburn’sPortraitsThursday6Nov.,13.10NICHOLASPHILLIPSONRaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe18thCenturyThursday13Nov.,13.10MARTINPOSTLEExhibitionTimesMonday—Saturday10.00—17.45Sunday12.00—17.45Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.Closed:24—26Decemberand1January.Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn’sEnglishContemporaries?A.Sun.26Oct. B.Thurs.30Oct. C.Thurs.6Nov. D.Thurs.13Nov.22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings. B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C.Theymustbeledbyteachers. D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了為紀念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士進行的展覽的相關(guān)情況。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries部分“Thursday30Oct.(10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries。故選B項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.(4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費入場。)”可知，一對夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8英鎊，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B項。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.(所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場費。)”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項?！?022年6月北京卷A篇】Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailabletostudentsenrolled(注冊)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.PASSdoesn’tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineachsession.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.WaitinglistsIfasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomesavailableorifanewsessionistobeheld.Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyouareonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceintheprogrammeinthenearfuture.DeregisteringIfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecordyourattendance.You’llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifyoubelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@umbs.edu..21.InPASS,students________.A.attendnewlectures B.decidetheirownschedulesC.prepareproblemsetsingroups D.usetheirskillstosolveproblems22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?A.Fillintheattendancesheet. B.Signupforthewaitinglist.C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback. D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.23.Studentswillbederegisteredif________.A.theysendemailsinerror B.theyfailtoworkinteractivelyC.theygivetheirplacestoothers D.theymisstwosessionsinarow【答案】21.D22.B23.D【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了同伴輔助學(xué)習(xí)課程(PASS)。21.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.（這是一個機會，在你運用技能解決問題的同時，加深你對課堂材料關(guān)鍵點的理解。）”可知，在同伴輔助學(xué)習(xí)課程中，學(xué)生運用技能解決問題。故選D。22.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Waitinglists部分“Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.（如果課程滿員，您可以注冊等待列表。）”可知，如果某一課程滿員，可以注冊等待列表。故選B。23.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Deregistering部分“IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.（如果您連續(xù)錯過兩次課程，您將被取消注冊，你的位置將分配給等待名單上的某個人。）”可知，如果學(xué)生連續(xù)錯過兩次課程，將被取消注冊。故選D。二、2021年高考真題1.【2021年新高考Ⅰ卷A篇】Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.ThehostelsinRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround＄25anight,andforthat,you'lloftengettostayinacentrallocation（位置）withsecurityandcomfort.YellowHostelIfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellowHostel.It'soneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It'saffordable,andit'sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemaintrainstation.HostelAlessandroPalaceIfyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.YouthStationHostelIfyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhostel,looknofurtherthanYouthStation.Itoffersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too;

itdoesn'tchargecitytax;

ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms;

italsohasfreeWi-Fiineveryroom.HotelandHostelDesArtistesHotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta10-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystationandit'sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providingyouwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.1.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?A.Comfort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.2.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?A.YellowHostel.B.HostelAlessandroPalace.C.YouthStationHostel.D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.Itsinconvenientlylocated.【文章大意】本文為應(yīng)用文，主要介紹羅馬四個旅行社的特色。【解析】1.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhy…"可知，在羅馬旅游可能會很昂貴，因此人們會比較關(guān)注價格因素。故選C。2.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干"anactivesociallife"定位到第三段第一句"Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome."可知，HostelAlessandroPalace最適合社交。故選B。3.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段，由第五段最后一句

"However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi."

可知，HHDA旅館的Wi-Fi是收費的。故選C。2.【2021年全國甲卷A篇】Takeaview,theLandscape（風(fēng)景）PhotographeroftheYearAward,wastheideaofCharlieWaite,oneoftoday'smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,thehighstandardof

entrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasethebestphotography

oftheBritishlandscape.TakeaviewisadesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromallcornersoftheUKandbeyond.MikeShepherd(2011)SkiddawinWinterCumbria,EnglandItwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair.Iclimbedtothetopofasmallriseandrealisedthatthemistwaslittlemorethanafewfeetdeep,andthoughtitwasonlyashortclimb.IfoundmyselfcompletelyaboveitandlookingatawonderfullyclearviewofSkiddawwiththesunsettinginthewest.Iusedclassicaltechniques,translatedfrommycollegedaysspentinthedarkroomintoPhotoshop,toachievetheblack-and-whiteimage（圖像）.TimothySmith(2014)MacclesfieldForestCheshire,EnglandIwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages.WalkingupapaththroughtheforesttowardsShutlingsloe,alocalhighpoint,Icameacrossasmallclearingandimmediatelynoticedthedeadyellowgrassessetagainstthefreshsnow.ThesmallpineaddedtotheinterestandIplaceditcentrallytotaketheviewfromtheforegroundrightthroughintotheforest.1.WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?A.Writers.B.Photographers.C.Painters.D.Tourists.2.WhatdotheworksbyShepherdandSmithhaveincommon?A.Theyarewinterimages.B.Theyareinblackandwhite.C.Theyshowmountainousscenes.D.Theyfocusonsnow-coveredforests.3.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook.B.Inanovel.C.Inanartmagazine.D.Inabiography.【文章大意】本文為應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了英國風(fēng)景攝影比賽Takeaview及其兩位攝影師參賽作品的內(nèi)容。1.B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干enterfor

Takeaview定位到第一段第二句Eachyear,thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthattheAwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.每年參加比賽的高標(biāo)準已經(jīng)表明了這個獎項是展示英國風(fēng)景攝影最完美的平臺，可知最有可能參加這個比賽項目的人應(yīng)該是B項攝影家。2.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"ShepherdandSmithhaveincommon"定位在原文ShepherdandSmithMikeShepherd圖表中的Itwasanextremelycoldwinter'seveningandfreezingfoghungintheair和TimothySmith圖表中IwasbackinmyhometownofMacclesfieldtotakesomewinterimages，理解可知shepherd和Smith二人作品的共同點是它們都是關(guān)于冬天的圖像。故選A項。3.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知Takeaview是一項針對英國攝影師的每年一度的比賽，并有兩位攝影師Shepherd和Smith用自己的作品參與了比賽可知，這篇文章有可能在藝術(shù)雜志里找到，而不是A項的故事書、B項的小說或D項的個人自傳。3.【2021年全國乙卷A篇】TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbest-knownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome'sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity'sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations—nottomentionthemodernsportsfan'sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.●Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May1,1989.●MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October1,1927.●BeaverStadium,SateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.●OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.●KyleFieldCollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.1.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944.B.107,601.C.About150,000.D.About250,000.2Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.3.Whatdothelistedstadiumshaveincommon?A.Theyhostbiggames.B.Theyhavebecometouristattractions.C.TheywerebuiltbyAmericans.D.Theyarefavoredbyarchitects.【文章大意】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)今世界上最大的體育場?！窘馕觥?.D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息CircusMaximus，定位到原文第一段最后一句However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity'sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.分析可知，CircusMaximus大約可以容納250,000人。故選D。2.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息oldest，定位到文章結(jié)尾部分，其中包括各個體育場的成立日期。分析可知，OhioStadium的成立日期最早，為1922年10月7日，因此它是最老的體育場。故選C。3.A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干信息thelistedstadiums，定位到文章結(jié)尾部分。分析可知，文章沒有明確說明它們是否都有成為旅游景點，故排除B；其中的Rungrado1stofMayStadium建設(shè)于朝鮮平壤，因此這些場館并不都是由美國人建造的，故排除C；文章也沒有明確說明它們都受到了建筑師的喜愛，故排除D。但由原文最后一段的第一句話Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.可知，這些體育場現(xiàn)在都還在正常使用中，會舉辦大型體育比賽。故選A?！?021年6月北京卷A篇】Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenaninternship（實習(xí)）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.Whocanapply?●Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies;or●Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.●Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.Whataretherequirements?●Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.●Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.●Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.●Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.●Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?●Visa:Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.●Travel:Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.●Medicalinsurance:Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.●UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.●Medicalcertificate:Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.●Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.1.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto

.A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscienceB.haveinternationalworkexperienceC.befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitutionWhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.B.Trainingincommunicationskills.C.Amedicalcertificateforwork.D.Financialsupportfortravel.3.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamforsixmonths.【答案】1C2A3C【解析】：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了聯(lián)合國教科文組織的一項實習(xí)計劃，包括申請人資格、要求和申請前的準備工作等相關(guān)信息。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whataretherequirements?部分Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.（你應(yīng)該精通英語或法語。）可知C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench（精通英語或法語）與文意相符，故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.（聯(lián)合國教科文組織將在實習(xí)期間提供最高30000美元的有限保險。）可知，聯(lián)合國教科文組織將為實習(xí)期提供有限的醫(yī)療保險范圍。故選A。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?部分Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.（動機信：在填寫申請表之前，你應(yīng)該準備好你的動機信。）可知，C.Keepamotivationletterathand.（手頭上要有一封動機信。）與文意相符。故選C?！?021年6月天津卷A篇】Whenstartingcollege,moststudentsenjoyaweek'sstayoncampusbeforeclassesactuallybegin.Whatshouldyoudowiththattime?Belowareseveraltipstoease（使熟悉）yourselfintocollegelife.ParticipatinginCampusWelcomeActivitiesMostuniversitieshostwelcomeeventsbeforetheacademicyearofficiallybegins,includingfreshmenorientations（迎新會），campuspicnics,andentertainmentslikeconcerts.Participatinginsucheventsisagreatwaytolearnaboutschoolfacilitiesandunderstandcampusculture:Whatdostudentsdoforfiin?Whataretheirfavoriteclasses?Whatisthehistoryofyouruniversity?Itcanhelpyouobservecampuslifeoutsidetheclassroom.ExploringCampusGettingtoknowwhereessentialcampusresourcesare—suchasthestudentadvisingcenter,psychologicalservices,andthetutoringcenter~~willmakeyourfirstfewweeksoncampusaloteasier,becauseyouwon'thavetolookforthemwhilestillgettingusedtoyourclasses.Takesometimetocheckoutthebuildingswhereyourclasseswillbeheld.Thiswillpreventyoufromgettinglostinthefirstfewdaysofclasses,andfamiliarizeyouwithhowlongittakestogetfromplacetoplace.Ifyou'reworriedabouttakingclassesoneafteranotherindifferentbuildings,aquicktestrunwon'thurt.Thatway,youwillavoidpotentialtimedelaysingettingtoyourclasses.StartingaRoutineBeforegettingtooexcitedaboutallofthe