跨文化交流與管理Intercultural Communication and management學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

跨文化交流與管理InterculturalCommunicationandmanagement學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年Socialvaluescansimplybeseenasthosebeliefsandpracticesthatarepracticedbyanyparticularsociety.Thesocietyhasawayofdictatingthebeliefsandpracticesthatareperformedeitherroutinelybyitsmembersorperformedwhenevertheoccasiondemands.

答案:對(duì)Usingthepowerofvisualizationisnotagoodmethodofmakinganeffectivepresentation.

答案:錯(cuò)Inaculturewhichvaluesachievement,Peoplebelievethatyoushouldbevaluedforwhoyouhaveachieved.Power,title,andpositionmatterinthesecultures,andtheserolesdefinebehavior.

答案:錯(cuò)TheNetherlandsisatypicalneutralculture.

答案:對(duì)Peoplemakegreatefforttocontroltheiremotionsinemotionalcultures.

答案:錯(cuò)WhichoftheseGLOBEstudydimensionsexplainswhyhigh-performancemightnotberewardedmuchincertaincultures?

答案:performanceorientationIncountrieswith------culturalcontext,employeestendtopreferfixedcompensationpackages.

答案:highuncertaintyavoidanceIfthenegotiationfailsintheearlystagesbecauseyoudecidetosendayoung,successfuljunioremployeetoChina,thenwhattypeofcultureareyoudealingwith?

答案:ascriptionWhichofthefollowingwouldbeagoodtipforconductinganegotiationwithpeoplefromauniversalismculture?

答案:YoushouldgiveclearinstructionsatthestartofthenegotiationWhichcountryisidentifiedasInternaldirectioncultures?

答案:theU.SWhichoneisthetipforworkingwithSynchronoustimecultures?

答案:AllowtimeforpeopletoarrivelatetomeetingsWhichcountryisreferredasSequentialtimeculture?

答案:GermanyWhichoneisthetipforworkingwithachievementcultures?

答案:AvoidusingtitlesWhichcharacteristicisidentifiedasNeutralcultures?

答案:

PeopletendnottosharetheemotionsWhichcountrybelongstoAscriptioncultures?

答案:FranceWhichcountryisidentifiedasEmotionalculture?

答案:

ItalyWhichcharacteristicbelongstoNeutralcultures?

答案:

PeoplemakeagreatefforttocontroltheiremotionsOnetipforworkingwithuniversalistculturesistoexplainthelogicbehindwhyyouhavemadeacertaindecision.

答案:對(duì)Inparticularisticcultures,detailedwrittencontractsareveryimportant.

答案:錯(cuò)In-groupcollectivismisthedegreetowhichindividualsexpresspride,loyalty,andcohesivenessintheir:

答案:organizationsorfamiliesWhichoftheseTrompenaardimensionsdistinguishesbetweenculturesthatbelievemoreinabsoluteorrelativetruths?

答案:universalismvs.particularismTrompenaars&Hampden-TurnersevenculturaldimensionscanbegroupedintothefollowingcategoriesEXCEPT:

答案:specificvs.diffuseWhichisNOTglobestudy’seightculturaldimensions?

答案:Confucianismorlong-termorientationWhichcountryisidentifiedasSpecificculture?

答案:

GermanyWhichcharacteristicbelongstoDiffusecultures?

答案:PeopleseeanoverlapbetweentheirworkandpersonallifeWhichcharacteristicbelongstoCommunitarism?

答案:Slowdecision-makingprocessHowtodealthedifficultiesinIndividualism?

答案:PraiseandrewardindividualperformanceWhichcharacteristicbelongstotheParticularism?

答案:Peoplebelievethateachcircumstance,andeachrelationship,dictatestherulesthattheylivebyWhichstrategiesaddressestheUniversalism?

答案:GivepeopletimetomakedecisionsWhichofthefollowingcountriesbelongstoIndividualism？

答案:SwitzerlandWhatisthetipforworkingwithparticularisticcultures?

答案:RespecttheseneedsasmuchaspossibleinyourdecisionmakingThecharacteristicsofthefollowingdescriptionareaboutuniversalismandparticularism,oneofwhichwillappearinuniversalismis？

答案:Businessloyaltyisbasedongeneralrules,standardsWhyisthephenomenonofyoungadults’leavinghomeworthstudying?

答案:Alloftheabove.

HowdoeslaborparticipationinfluencethelivingarrangementsinWesternEurope?

答案:

AworkingwomanmaywanttodelaymarriageandchildbearingandhastoliveathomeincertainculturesbutnoinothersHowdoeshousingpriceinfluencethelivingarrangementsaccordingtoReading2?

答案:Staying-at-homebehaviorcouldbecausedbyanincreaseinhousingpricesallovertheworld,coupledwithdifferentpreferencesinhomeownershipacrossculturesWhichisnottrueaccordingtothepartofDifferencesinFamilyStructures?

答案:InNorthernEuropeandtheUnitedstates,theculturalnormforyoungadultsistoleavetheirparents’homeaftermarriageQ16-Q20arebasedonReading2,Unit6

WhydoyouthsinwesternEuropecontinuetolivewiththeirparents?

答案:Avarietyofexplanations,fromhighcostsofhousingandpooremploymentpossibilities,tofamilypoliciesWhydidthemigrationhappenaftertheSecondWorldWar?

答案:Alloftheabove.

WhatwasthesituationofthemigrantsbeforetheSecondWorldWarinWesternEurope?

答案:TheywereoftendiscriminatedbecauseoftheirforeignculturalandreligiouspracticesWhatcanpeoplebenefitfrom“Europeansociety”?

答案:AlloftheaboveWhatwasthepurposeofsettinguptheorganizationofEU?

答案:

PromotingeconomicandpoliticalcoordinationamongcountriesinEuropeWhichisnotthedrivingforceofcontemporaryculturaldiversification?

答案:refugeecrisisWhatarethedifferencesbetweencosmopolitanismandparochialism?

答案:Cosmopolitanismistohaveharmoniousintergrouprelations,whileparochialismistohavetenseintergrouprelationsWhatisthelimitationoftheculturaldiversityinWesternEurope?

答案:CosmopolitanvaluesappeartobedevelopingunevenlyamongdifferentgroupsofpeopleQ8-Q15arebasedonReading1,Unit6WhichstatementdoyouthinkisnotthereasonwhywesternEuropeismoreculturallydiverseaccordingtoReading1?

答案:MoreEuropeansincreasinglyvaluetheculturesoftheirowncountries.

Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrueaccordingtothislecture?

答案:Adependentclausecanstandbyitself.

Accordingtothislecture,whatisasentence?

答案:Asentenceisasetofwordsthatconveymeaningstocommunicateastatement,anexclamationoraquestionAboutthefundamentalvaluesinGermany,whichstatementisfalseaccordingtothelecture?

答案:DonotcriticizeNapoleon,sinceherepresentsapartofthespiritWhichoneisNOTthebusinesscommunicationnorminvolvedinBritishsociety?

答案:Itisadvisabletoopenaconversationwithapersonaltopic,suchasthefamily,thehobbiesandpointsofviewonsocialissuesWhichisnotthefundamentalvalueinFrance?

答案:TheruleoflawWhatistherelationshipamongbasicvaluesofShalomH.Schwartz?

答案:ThebasicvaluesofShalomH.Schwartzformacontinuous,closedcircle,andthevaluesadjacenthaveoverlappingmotivationalgoals,whereasbasicvaluesofoppositesidesofthecirclehavecompetinggoals.

WhatcanbeconcludedaboutvalueorientationsfromKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sframework?

答案:ValueorientationswillvaryfromregiontoregionIfapersonpossessesastrongrespectfortradition,thens/hehasa______.

答案:PastorientationHowdoyouunderstand“subject-to-nature”inKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sframework?

答案:WeshouldallowourselvestobeinfluencedbyalargernaturalelementApersonwhoiscontinuallystrivingtoaccomplishsometaskscanbebestdescribedas_____.

答案:Doing-orientedWhichofthefollowingexpressionscanbestdescribeKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’slinealityorientation?

答案:BeinghierarchicalWhichproblemdoestherelationalareadealwithaccordingtoKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sframework?

答案:Whatisourrelationshiptootherpeople?Howare“valueorientations”definedbyKluckhohnandStrodtbeck?

答案:ValueorientationsarealimitedsetofquestionseachsocietymustanswerWhichstatementcanbestdescribevaluesinKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sframework?

答案:ValuesarefewinnumberWhatistheultimatepurposeofresearchconductedinReading2?

答案:IllustratingresearchmethodologytouncoverculturalvaluesWhatmessagedofemalespeakersmoreoftenconveytothegraduatesintheircommencementspeech?

答案:CherishspecialothersWhatdoes“specialothers”refertoaccordingtothepassage?

答案:OurfamilyWhatmessagedoesthestatement“thereisnolimit”convey?

答案:NevergiveupWhichamongthefollowingmayhelpexpandone’shorizonaccordingtothespeakers?

答案:SeekchallengesWhatdoes“Dotherightthing”meanaccordingtothepassage?

答案:BeapersonofintegrityWhatdospeakersatthewomen’scollegesoftenrefertointheirspeech?

答案:StrugglesthatlayaheadforequalityWhichstatementisTRUEaboutthecommencementspeech?

答案:Speakerswillthepressuretogivethecommencementspeech.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscancreateanimage?

答案:Iclickonthemodem,theonce-annoyingsoundoftheconnectionnowaspleasantasmyfavoritetune.Ientermypassword.TherealworlddisappearsWhatisnotusuallyincludedinaconclusionparagraph?

答案:IntroductionofnewevidenceWhichofthefollowingmethodscanbeusedtomakereadersthink?

答案:ShowingsignificanceoftheissueInwhatwayisaconclusionimportanttoanessay?

答案:ItisthefinalchancetodemonstratetheideasEachbodyparagraphissupposedtodevelop

_________.

答案:onlyonepointaboutthesubjectAgoodbodyparagraphissupposedtoachieve________.

答案:bothunityandcoherenceAccordingtoReading2,personalmatterssuchasfamilycouldbeapropertopicofconversationatabusinessmeetingin

_________.

答案:Americanculture

Q17-Q18arebasedonReading2,Unit4AccordingtoReading2,AmericancultureandJapaneseculturearedifferentinthefollowingbusinessetiquettesexcept

_______.

答案:dressetiquetteWhatapproachtotimeisrequiredinlife?

答案:BothwaysIntermsofperceptionoftime,whenwillaconflictoccur?

答案:ConflicthappensbetweenthetwotimesystemsIntermsofpersonality,polychronicpeopleare________.

答案:alloftheaboveIntermsofpersonality,monochronicpeopleare_________.

答案:

alloftheabovePeopleofpolychronicculturestendto_________.

答案:doseveralthingsatonce

Peopleofmonochronicculturestendto

_________.

答案:

doonethingatatimeWhataffectsthewaypeopleapproachtime?

答案:BothcultureandpersonalitytypesQ9-Q16arebasedonReading1,Unit4Timeisusuallyperceived________.

答案:differentlybydifferentpeopleIncommunication,peopleinlow-contextculturestendtounderstandmeaning________.

答案:atonelevelonlyIncommunication,peopleinhigh-contextculturestendtounderstandmeaning_______.

答案:atmanysocio-culturallevelsPeopleinlow-contextculturestendtovalue_________.

答案:expertiseandperformancePeopleinhigh-contextculturestendtovalue________.

答案:spirallogic

Peopleinlow-contextculturestendtocommunicateinadirectandexplicitwaymainlybecauseof

________.

答案:aconsiderablepopulationdiversityPeopleinhigh-contextculturesusuallycommunicateinanindirectwaymainlybecauseof

_______.

答案:

astronglevelofsimilitudeamongthepeopleInlow-contextcultures,mostofthemeaningexchangedduringanencounterisoftencommunicated

_________.

答案:throughwords

Inhigh-contextcultures,mostofthemeaningexchangedduringanencounterisoftencommunicated

_________.

答案:throughcontextPleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Thegrowthofinterculturalcommunicationasafieldofstudyisbasedonaviewofhistorythatclearlydemonstratespeopleandcultureshavebeentroubledbyapersistentinabilitytounderstandandgetalongwithgroupsandsocietiesremovedbyspace,ideology,appearance,andbehaviorfromtheirown.Whatisintriguingaboutmanyofhumancivilization’sfailuresisthattheyappeartobepersonalaswellasglobal.Thestoryofhumankindispunctuatedwithinstancesofface-to-faceconflictsaswellasinternationalmisunderstanding--majorandminorquarrelsthatrangefromsimplename-callingtoisolationismorevenarmedconflict.Itisobviousthatincreasedcontactwithotherculturesandsubculturesmakesitimperativeforustomakeaconcertedefforttounderstandandgetalongwithpeoplewhosebeliefsandbackgroundsmaybevastlydifferentfromourown.Theability,throughincreasedawarenessandunderstanding,topeacefullycoexistwithpeoplewhodonotnecessarilyshareourlifestylesorvaluescouldbenefitusnotonlyinourownneighborhoodsbutcouldbethedecisivefactorinmaintainingworldpeace.

答案:縱觀歷史，我們可以清楚地看到，各民族與文化由于彼此所處地域、意識(shí)形態(tài)、容貌服飾和行為舉止上存在的差異，而長(zhǎng)久無(wú)法互相理解，無(wú)法和睦相處。在這種情況下，跨文化交際作為一個(gè)特定的研究領(lǐng)域得以形成和發(fā)展。值得注意的是，人類文明在發(fā)展過(guò)程中所遭受的許多挫折，既是個(gè)人的，又是全球性的；人類歷史進(jìn)程總是充滿了個(gè)人間的直接沖突和民族間的誤解---從罵罵咧咧到孤立主義甚至到武裝沖突，大大小小爭(zhēng)端不絕。很顯然，文化間以及亞文化間的交往比以前多了，這迫切要求我們共同努力，去理解有著不同信仰和文化背景的人們，并與之和睦相處。通過(guò)加深認(rèn)識(shí)和理解，我們能夠與生活方式、價(jià)值觀念不同的人們和平共處；這不但有益于我們周遭環(huán)境的安定，也是維護(hù)世界和平的決定性因素。Case

Analysis：Pleasereadandcommentonthefollowingcasewithnolessthan

100

words.Therelevantquestionstothecasemayserveascues

toyouranalysis.

(按照“what,why,how結(jié)構(gòu)做案例分析段落寫作，不少于100字，What-whatistheprobleminthiscase?

Why-whatarethereasonsbehindtheproblem?How-howtosolvetheproblem?)

Case1Case1

CertainorNotCertainInChina,thestaffwhoareworkingattheForeignAffairsOfficegetinternationalcallsfromforeignteachers.BeforeForeignteacherscometoChina,theyfrequentlyaskthestaffforinformation.ThestaffoftentellthemthattheywilldiscovereverythingtheyneedtoknowoncetheyarriveinChina.Someforeignteachersaredoubtfulofthat,andcontinuetocall.ThestaffrepeatagainandagainthattheForeignAffairsOfficeandtheteachingdepartmentswillarrangeeverythingforthem.Besides,everyforeignteacherhasacontactpersontohelpwithproblemsaboutteachinganddailylifewhentheyareinChina.Questions:1.

Whatcanyoulearnfromthefirstcase?UseHofstede’s“uncertaintyavoidance”dimensiontoexplainyouranswer.

答案:“Uncertaintyavoidance"indicateshowmuchasocietyfeelsthreatenedbyambiguoussituationsandtriestoavoidthembyprovidingrules,believinginabsolutetruths,andrefusingtotoleratedeviance.Itreferstotheextenttowhichaculturewillavoidortolerateuncertainty.Peoplefromculturesthatplaceapremiumonavoidinguncertaintywouldtrytogetstraightanswerstoquestions.Inthiscase,foreignteachers,whoarefromuncertaintyavoidanceculture,needdetailedinstructions.TheyhopetoreducetheambiguityintheirexpectationsfortheworkinginChina.ThustheyturntoChineseofficialstotellthemexactlytheirresponsibilities,rights,theregulations,theavailablefacilities,theaccommodation,thelevelsofthestudents,etc.Suchinformationhelpsreducetheiranxiety.PleasetranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Althougheachofushaveauniquesetofvalues,therealsoarevaluesthattendtopermeateaculture.Thesearecalledculturalvalues.

Culturevaluesgenerallyarenormativeinthattheyformamemberofaculturewhatisgoodandbad,rightandwrong,trueandfalse,positiveandnegative,andthelike.Culturalvaluesdefinewhatisworthwhiletodiefor,whatisworthprotecting,whatfrightenspeopleandtheirsocialsystems,whatareconsideredpropersubjectsforstudyandforridicule,andwhattypesofeventsleadindividualstogroupsolidarity.Culturalvaluesalsospecifywhatbehaviorsareofimportanceandwhichshouldbeavoidedwithinaculture.Valuesrepresentalearnedorganizationofrulesformakingchoicesandforresolvingconflicts.

答案:參考譯文：雖然我們每個(gè)人都有各自一套獨(dú)特的價(jià)值觀，但在每一種文化里，總有彌漫于整個(gè)文化之中的普遍的價(jià)值觀。這些被稱作文化價(jià)值觀。文化價(jià)值觀通常是有規(guī)范性的，它使文化的成員知道什么是好的和壞的、什么是正確的和錯(cuò)誤的、什么是真的和假的、什么是積極的和消極的，等等。文化價(jià)值觀規(guī)定了什么是值得為之獻(xiàn)身的，什么是值得維護(hù)的，什么會(huì)危及人們及其社會(huì)制度，什么是學(xué)習(xí)的恰當(dāng)內(nèi)容，什么是可諷刺嘲笑的，什么會(huì)導(dǎo)致群體團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)。文化價(jià)值觀也指明了什么行為是舉足輕重的，什么行為是應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力避免的。價(jià)值觀是一種習(xí)得的規(guī)則體現(xiàn)，人們?cè)谧龀鼍駬窈徒鉀Q爭(zhēng)端時(shí)以此作為依據(jù)。跨文化交際的參與者所具有的價(jià)值觀是十分重要的，因?yàn)閮r(jià)值觀會(huì)衍生出決定何為正當(dāng)或不正當(dāng)社會(huì)行為的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。換言之，價(jià)值觀有助于人們決定他們的行為方式，根據(jù)他們的價(jià)值系統(tǒng)行事并期待對(duì)方的反應(yīng)。由于文化價(jià)值系統(tǒng)之間存在差異，我們可以預(yù)見，在相似的情境中，跨文化交際的參與者會(huì)表現(xiàn)出并期待著不同的行為。Pleasedoa3-stepcaseanalysis(theory-Trompenarrar'sculturaldimensions/conflict/resolution),takingthequestionsasaclue.（paragraphwriting)Case2

HiroshiisajunioratasmallU.S.university.HestudiedEnglishformanyyearsinJapan,andnowhespeaksthelanguageverywell.Heisagoodstudentandenjoysmanyoftheclasses.Butthereisoneclassheistakingthissemesterthatupsetshim.

Intheclassthereare14students.TheyareallAmericanexceptforHiroshi.Theyspentmostoftheclasstimeindiscussionledbytheprofessor.Hiroshiwantstodropthiscoursebecausethestudentsseemimpoliteandself-centered.Theyaren’tinterestedintheideasandopinionsofotherpeopleandtheyinterruptandarguewitheachother.Also,theydon’ttrytoreachagroupconsensus.

TheAmericanstudentsintheclassarebeginningtothinkthatHiroshieithercan’tspeakEnglishverywellorthathedoesn’thavemanyideasbecauseheneversaysanythinginclass.Theydon’twanttoberude,buttheyarestartingtoignorehiminthediscussions.

1.Whataretheculturalvaluesatdisplayhere?Whatassumptionsandbehaviorshelpedcreatethisconflict?2.WhatwouldyoudoifyouwereinHiroshi’ssituation?

答案:AccordingtoFonsTrompenaars’stheory,cultureisdividedintosevendimensions,namelyUniversalismvsParticularism,IndividualismvsCommunitarianism,SpecificvsDiffuse,NeutralvsEmotional,AchievementvsAscription,SequentialtimevsSynchronoustime,andInternalDirectionvsExternalDirection.Inthiscase,threedimensionsarereflected.ThefirstoneisIndividualismvsCommunitarianism.ForIndividualism,peoplebelieveinpersonalfreedomandachievement.Theybelievethatyoumakeyourowndecisions,andthatyoumusttakecareofyourself.ForCommunitarianism,peoplebelievethatthegroupismoreimportantthantheindividual.Thegroupprovideshelpandsafety,inexchangeforloyalty.Thegroupalwayscomesbeforetheindividual.Inthiscase,AmericanstudentsfocusonexpressingtheirownopinionswhileHiroshifocusesonreachingagroupconsensus,whichhelpedtocreatethisconflict.Thesecond