高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)教案-非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞考綱新研讀1.非謂語動詞的形式(以動詞do為例)

動詞不定式動詞的-ing形式動詞過去分詞一般式tododoingdone一般被動式tobedone beingdone

完成式tohavedone havingdone

完成被動式tohavebeendonehavingbeendone

進行式tobedoing

完成進行式tohavebeendoing

2.非謂語動詞在句子中的作用

主語賓語表語定語狀語補語動詞不定式√√√√√√動詞的-ing形式√√√√√√動詞過去分詞√√√√√√3.非謂語動詞的用法動詞不定式(1)用作主語：Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.Itisnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.(2)用作賓語：Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Doyouthinkitnecessarytogothere?(3)用作表語：Allshewoulddowastogohome.(4)用作賓補：Iwarnedtheboynottobelateagain.Hesawherleavethehouse.Shewasseentoleavethehouse.Heoftenhelpsme(to)learnEnglish.Withnoonetohelphim,hecan’tdoit.Withsomanyproblemstosettle,themanagercan’tleaveforholidays.【注意】用于不帶to的不定式作賓補的的動詞有：feel,hear,see,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat,have,make,let等。但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時需要帶to。例如：Inoticedherentertheoffice.Weheardhimsingeveryday.Santa’sfathermadeherpromisethatshewouldn’twritetomeorsendmeanyword.(5)用作定語：Ihavenothingtowrite(towriteon/towritewith).Iwasthefirsttocometoschool.Wehavenotimetothinkaboutrest.(6)用作狀語：常表示原因、結(jié)果、條件、目的等。Hestoppedtotalktoanoldman.(目的)Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainalreadygone.(結(jié)果)Hewashappytohearthenews.(原因)另外：inorderto;soasto引導(dǎo)目的狀語，“為了,以便”;so...asto引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語，“太……以致……”。(7)用在疑問詞后面，如whattodo,構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),相當于名詞，作主語、賓語和表語。例如：Thequestioniswheretogetacomputer.(表語)Ireallydon’tknowwhattodo.(賓語)Howtogetridofthepollutionisstillaproblem.(主語)【注意】不定式也有一定的時態(tài)和語態(tài)；有否定式、完成式、進行式、被動式等和自己的邏輯主語：(1)被動形式：Heaskedtobesenttothefront.(2)進行式：Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.(3)完成式：Heissaidtohavegoneabroad.(4)否定式：(to)前加not：Hepretendednottohaveseenme.(5)不定式的邏輯主語有兩種情況(用forsb.或ofsb.)：It’shightimeforustoplanttrees.It’sverykindofyoutosayso.動詞的過去分詞(1)作定語及物動詞的過去分詞，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞，只表示完成。單個的分詞作定語，放在它所修飾的詞的前面;分詞短語作定語，放在它所修飾的詞的后面。例如：Abrokencupislyingonthefloor.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasveryimportant.(2)作表語：表狀態(tài)，與句子主語是被動關(guān)系。例如：Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.(3)作狀語動詞的過去分詞相當于副詞，可以在句子中作狀語，與句子主語是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，兩者往往是被動關(guān)系，即主語是過去分詞動作的承受者。Seenfromspace,theearthlookslikeaball.ComparedwiththepeopleinIraq,wearemuchhappier.名詞加過去分詞，構(gòu)成獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，用作狀語。Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.(4)作賓補作賓語補足語的過去分詞，大都來自及物動詞。分詞與賓語是被動關(guān)系。不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補,與賓語是主動關(guān)系,表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Isawthehousebrokeninto.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyradio.Iwillhaveitrepaired.Theemperororderedthecloth(tobe)wovenforhimatonce.Hecamein,withhishandstiedattheback.動詞的-ing形式動詞的-ing形式相當于名詞、形容詞、副詞等,也保留了動詞的某些特征。(1)作主語：Talkingiseasierthandoing.It’snousetalkingaboutit.(2)作賓語：Heisafraidofbeingscolded.Ifounditnousetalkingwithhim.有些動詞后面只能接doing。如：admit,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,mention,practice,risk,stop,suggest等。有些動詞后面只能接todo。如：agree,decide,expect,hope,long(渴望),manage,plan,pretend,refuse,wish等。有些動詞后面接doing和todo都可以，且意思差別細微，或看作沒差別。如：begin,start,hate,like,love,continue,refer等；但另一類詞差別很大。如：forget,remember,mean,try,regret等。還有g(shù)oon;remindsb.ofdoingsth.(使人想起)和remindsb.todo(提醒)。另外，stopdoing停止干；stoptodo停下來去干某事，todo是目的狀語。(3)作表語：Seeingisbelieving.Thestoryismoving/exciting/interesting.(4)作賓補：Isawthemcomingacrosstheroad.Theyhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.(5)作定語：Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(6)作狀語：Beingill,shewenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theyhadarest.Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.【注意】1.動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語有三種形式：(1)doing前加物主代詞。如：mydoing；(2)doing前加名詞所有格。如：Tom’sdoing；(3)作賓語時doing前可加人稱代詞賓格。如：medoing。例如:Mary’scominglatemadeMr.Smithangry.Shedidn’tmindhis(him)crying.2.否定式在其前面加not;完成式havingdone;被動式beingdone。例如:Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtohisteacherforhelp.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,theywatchedTV.Hehadhopedtotakehisseatwithoutbeingseen.3.獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：Weatherpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llhaveasportsmeetnextweek.Weatherbeingsofine(Asweatherissofine),wehavedecidedtogoonanouting.Therebeingnobuses,wehadtowalkhome.4.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Theyslept,withthelightsburning.高考新剖析1.Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit_________.［20XX年高考湖南卷］A.reusing B.reusedC.reuses D.tobereused2.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,__________reduceunemploymentpressures.［20XX年高考江蘇卷］A.help B.tohavehelpedC.tohelp D.havinghelpedDC3.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool.__________theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.［20XX年高考江蘇卷］A.Attend B.ToattendC.Attending D.Havingattended4.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic__________smoothly.［20XX年高考全國卷Ⅱ］A.beingrun B.run C.torunD.running5.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions_________？［20XX年高考全國卷Ⅰ］A.taking B.take C.taken D.totake6.Ifthere’salotofwork_________,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.［20XX年高考上海卷］A.todo B.tobedoingC.done D.doingCDCA7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored__________intotheirsociety.［20XX年高考北京卷］A.towelcome B.welcomingC.tobewelcomed D.welcomed8.Somethingassimpleas__________somecoldwatermayclearyourmindandrelievepressure.［20XX年高考上海卷］A.todrink B.drinkingC.tobedrinking D.drunk9.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle__________tobalanceit.［20XX年高考上海卷］A.havingtired B.tryingC.totry D.tried10.Ideally__________forBroadwaytheatresandFifthAvenue,theNewYork［20XX年高考上海卷］A.locating B.beinglocatedC.havingbeenlocated D.locatedCBBD11.Thechildrenallturned__________thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.［20XX年高考全國卷Ⅰ］A.lookedat B.tolookatC.tolookingat D.lookat12.__________,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.［20XX年高考遼寧卷］A.Beingawinner B.TobeawinnerC.Beawinner D.Havingbeenawinner13.__________inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.［20XX年高考福建卷］A.Waiting B.TowaitC.Havingwaited D.Tohavewaited14.—Canthose__________atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—Noproblem.［20XX年高考福建卷］A.seat B.sit C.seated D.satBBCC15.Myparentshavealwaysmademe__________aboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.A.feelingwell B.feelinggoodC.feelwell D.feelgood精題新探究1.Whichdoyouenjoy__________yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathome?A.spending B.tospendC.beingspent D.spend2.Thepilotfeltsomething__________wrongwiththeenginejustbeforetheplanetookoff.A.go B.wentC.wasgoing D.togo3.—Whydoyoulooksad?—Therearesomanyproblems__________.A.remainingtosettle B.remainedsettlingC.remainingtobesettled D.remainedtobesettledDBAC4.—Doyouknowwhytheypractise__________basketballeveryday?—Theypractise__________inthebasketballmatchofourschool.A.playing;tojoin B.playing;joiningC.toplay;tojoin D.toplay;joining5.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never__________again.A.tofind B.tobefoundC.finding D.beingfound6.—Wedidn’tfindtheBlacks_________thelecture.—Noonehadtoldthemabout__________alecturethefollowingday.A.toattend;theretobe B.attending;therebeingC.attended;therebe D.attend;therewas7.Theinternationalagreement,__________encouragechildrennottosmokeandhelppeoplekickthehabit,wassignedonFebruary27.A.intendingto B.beingintendedtoC.intendedto D.tointendtoABBC8.__________twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.Beingexamined B.ExaminedC.Examining D.Havingbeenexamined9.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif