高考英語語法專題復習動詞時態(tài),被動語態(tài)

語法系列復習專題七-----動詞時態(tài)，被動語態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。2.主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：IllgothereafterIfinishmywork./Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwontgothere.3.在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。例如：Theregoesthebell.鈴響了。Therecomesthebus.汽車來了。Hereshecomes.她來了。二、現(xiàn)在進行時1.表示正在進行的動作。2.表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：SheisleavingforBeijing.她要去北京。Heisworkingasateachertomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。3.代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。例如：TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.江水滾滾向東流。Thesunisrisingintheeast.太陽從東方冉冉升起。4.大多數(shù)動詞可用于進行時，但也有些動詞不用于進行時。常見的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belongto,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。三、現(xiàn)在完成時1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，或說話時已完成的動作。例如：Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleandtheroom.2.表示從過去開始，待續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for…”,“since…”表述的一段時間狀語連用。例如：HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears./Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege.3.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1）用兩種時態(tài)來表述發(fā)生在過去的某一動作，現(xiàn)在完成時強調這一過去動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，而一般過去時只表達過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在關系不大。例如：Shehascleanedtheroom.Itsverycleannow.(此句hascleaned就不能改為cleaned.一是因為cleaned與現(xiàn)狀無關，二是因為一般過去時不可突然跳到Its…這樣的一般現(xiàn)在時。)2）漢語中的“了”、“過”、“曾”等詞常用完成表達，如：Ihaveseenthatfilm.（我看過那部電影了。）但是如果是在特定的過去時間“看了”、“做過”，就不可用完成時而必須用一般過去進來表達。例如：Whendidyouseethatfilm?Isawityesterday.(你什么時候看了那部電影？我昨天看的。)不能說：Whenhaveyouseenthatfilm?Ihaveseenityesterday.4.表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/hasbeento”,表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/hasgoneto”.例如：——WhereisLiHua?－Hehasgonetothereading-room.——SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.－Shehasbeenthere.5.短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如不能說：Hehasfinishedtheworkforthreehours.要翻譯“他已完成工作三小時了。”可采用1）“ago法”：Hefinishedtheworkthreehoursago.2）“延續(xù)法”：Hehasbeenthrough(with)theworkforthreehours.3）“since法”：Itis/hasbeenthreehourssincehefinishedthework.四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（或今后還要繼續(xù)一去）的動作。例如：Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:00./Ithasbeenrainingfortwodays.2.凡是不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞均不能用于現(xiàn)成完成進行時。五、一般過去時表達特定的過去時間內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。六、過去進行時1.表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）。例如：Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.2.表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行。例如：TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.3.用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生。例如：IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.4.表示過去將來動作。例如：Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.七、過去完成時1.表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup./Everythinghadbeenallrightuptillthismorning.2.表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。例如：Attheageoften,hehadlearned500Englishwords.Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedaboutit.3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。例如：Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.八、一般將來時一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。有下列一些形式：1.will/shalldo（側重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）2.begoingtodo(主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生)3.bedoing(按計劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用)4.beabouttodo(按計劃即將發(fā)生)九、將來完成時用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。例如：WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.時態(tài)考點分析1．——CanIjoinyourclub,dad?——Youcanwhenyou______abitolder.(NMET)A.getB.willgetC.aregettingD.willhavegot析：“Youcan”是將來意，when引導的時間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來所以此題答案為A.2．——Oh,it’syou!I______you.——I’vejusthadmyhaircutandI’mwearingnewglasses.A.didn’trecognizeB.hadn’trecognizedC.haven’trecognizedD.don’trecongnize析：從“Oh,it’syou!”可知說話時已認出對方?！皼]有認出”是在此之前為過去情況，所以應選A.3.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he______intospace.(NMET)A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststared析：在空白處應選一個與“saw”相配，能解釋Jimdidn’tseeme這一原因的選項，只有著眼于A、B。若選A不能體觀他“當時正在做”某事，故排除A而選B。這樣因為“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4.——______myglasses?——Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.(NMET)A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.WouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen析：現(xiàn)在完成時可表過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，問話人以這樣的時態(tài)發(fā)問可作現(xiàn)焦急的心情。故答案為D。5.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes.(NMET)A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet析：答案B。道理同4。6.——Doyouknowourtownatall?——No,thisisthefirsttimeI______here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amgoing析：根據(jù)this/itisthefirst/second/…timesb.hasdonesth.句型，可定答案為B。又如：ThisisthesecondtimehehasvisitedtheGreatWall.7.Idon’treallyworkhere.I______untilthenewsecretaryarrives.(NMET)A.justhelpoutB.havejusthelpedoutC.amjusthelpingoutD.willjusthelpout析：根據(jù)Idontreallyworkhere.以及…untilthenewsecretaryarrives,可知說話人所要做的事是計劃安排行為，C、D兩個選項都表將來動作，但D非計劃安排，C則體現(xiàn)按計劃去做，所以此題答案為C。8.——Isthisraincoatyours?——No,mine______therebehindthedoor.(NMET)A.ishangingB.hashungC.hangsD.hung析：此題的“懸掛”是指現(xiàn)狀而言，故表過去“掛”的B、D項可排除。C項雖指“現(xiàn)在掛”，但側重在常規(guī)，習慣。為了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正掛在門后”這一意思，選A是極為合情理的。被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)的句型1.常見句式是：主語（受動者）＋be＋過去分詞＋（by＋施動者）例如：HewasscoldedbytheEnglishteacher.2.主語＋get＋過去分詞＋其它成分例如：Theboygotdrownedlastsummer./Shegotfiredbecauseofherfaults.注意：使用這種結構不能帶有“by＋施動者”3.帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳?，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。例如：Shelentmeabike.被動：1）Iwaslentabike(byher).2）Abikewaslenttome(byher).4.情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞例如：Thisproblemmustbeworkedoutinhalfanhour.5.雙重被動式：主語＋被動式謂語＋不定式的被動式＋其它成分例如；Thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room./Themurdererwasorderedtobeshot.二、主動表示被動的幾種情況1.不及物動詞與狀語連用，用以表示主語的品質和狀態(tài)。常見動詞是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep,tear等。例如：Thisknifecutswell.這把刀好切。Thesebookssellwell.這些書好賣。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫起來流暢。Meatwon’tkeeplonginsuchhotweather.肉在這樣熱的天氣里放不長久。Theclothwasheswell.這種布好洗。2.一些連系動詞的主動式＋形容詞。常見動look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turnout等。例如：Theapplestastegood./Theflowersmellswonderful./Thenewsproved/turnedouttrue./Cottonfeelssoft.注：prove也可用于被動式，如：Hisanswer(was)provedright.3.不定式在某些形容詞之后，且與主語有動賓關系。常見形容詞有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：Theproblemiseasytodo./Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer./Theboxisheavytocarry./Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.比較：Theproblemistobedone./Thequestionistobeanswered.沒有形容詞時，雖然不定式與主語是動賓關系，但必須用被動式。三、容易誤用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：1.IteachmyselfFrench.不可變?yōu)镸yselfistaughtFrench.因為反身代詞不可作主語。2.Wehelpeachother/oneanother.不可變?yōu)镋achother/Oneanotherishelpedbyus.因為相互代詞不可作主語。3.Helostheart.不可變?yōu)镠eartwaslostbyhim.因為象loseheart,makeaface,keepsilence,loseinthought這類動賓結構的固定短語只能用于主動式，不能用被動式。4.Shetookpartinthesportsmeet.不能變?yōu)門hesportsmeetwastakenpartinbyher.因為象takepartin,belongto,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表狀態(tài)動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)考點分析1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______.(NMET)A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted析：complete是及物動詞，“郵集”是被人完成的，須從表被動意的C、D中選擇。又因before等引導的時間狀語從句中謂語要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以此題答案為D。2.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.(NMET)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt析：觀察題干，空白線后無賓語，可知feel是不及物動詞，表“（某物）摸起來…”意思,是連系動詞，不能用于被動式，也不用進行時。根據(jù)此題對話情景，是指某種材料的常規(guī)特性，要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不能用過去時，故答案為C。feel作“感覺”、“認為”、“摸”等意時是及物動詞，可帶賓語，有時態(tài)，語態(tài)等變化。3．Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.(NMET)A.havebeentakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupB.havetakenplace…h(huán)avebeensetupC.havetakenplace…h(huán)avesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetup析：takeplace（發(fā)生）是不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)，于是可排除A、D，又因setup(建造)是及物動詞，在此題中應該用被動式，故排除C，答案為B。4.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.(NMET)A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited析：首先可排除B。因為它不表示“被邀請”。又因D項少引導詞who，也應排除。A項＝whowereinvited,C項＝whowerebeinginvited,由象invite這類短暫動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞被動式不可作后置定語，故也應排除。因而可定答案為A。5.Idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit’s______tobequiteagoodone.(NMET)A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked析：根據(jù)“某人/某物據(jù)說…”英文句式為“sb/sth.issaid…”可定答案為A。又如：Heissaidtobeacleverboy.據(jù)說他是一個聰明的男孩。6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.(NMET)A.hasbrokeninto…h(huán)asbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto…h(huán)adbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto…stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto…stolen析：“房屋被人闖入”，“東西被偷”都是被動語態(tài)，故可排除A、B。因C項中的hasbeenbrokeninto不能置于found之后，則答案只能是D。7.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短語，若無of則不可帶賓語，只能跟that從句。所以此題答案為B。8.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.(NMET)A.arenotkept…willhavetoB.arenotkept…h(huán)avetoC.donotkeep…willhavetoD.donotkeep…h(huán)aveto析：觀察題干，第一處必須用被動式，答案只能在A、B中選一。條件句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句應為一般將來時，故答案為A。9.TheOlympicGames,____in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.(NMET)A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying析；要表達“被舉行”，只能在B、C中選。B意“將要首次舉行”。顯然不合in776BC這一過去時間，只有C，firstplayed(＝whichwasfirstplayed)才合用。故答案為C。10.Thissentenceneeds______.A.aimprovementB.improveC.improvingD.improved析：初看此題似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音開頭詞，其前要用an,故排除。need作實義動詞，和require,want一樣，后面可跟doing或tobedone表“需要被…”意。如：Thedoorneeds/wants/requirespainting/tobepainted.(這扇門需要漆一下。)11.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.A.amnotB.haven’tbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe析：should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”，例如：Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm,butitwasntpossible.由于這種句式表示“過去想”，所以but后的句子也應該是過去時態(tài)與之相配合，故此題答案是C。12.——______thenote______toMrSmith?——No,Itisstillinmypocket.A.Is…beinggivenB.Was…givenC.Has…beengivenD.Hasnt…beengiven析：根據(jù)問句與答句，問話人顯然是注重結果，故要用現(xiàn)在完成時。似乎D作為反詰句“難道條還沒給史密斯先生嗎？”也成立，但若是這種口氣發(fā)問，答話人就應答“Sorry.Itisstillinmypocket.”,所以此題答案應為C。13.Weheardit______thathehadgonetoNewYork.A.sayB.saidC.tosayD.besaid析：Itwassaidthat…可以改為Wehearditsaidthat…(都表示“據(jù)說…”之意)。前一種說法中It是形式主語，后一種說法中it是形式賓語。故此題答案為B。動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)專練1.Themathsproblemcanbe______.A.easyworkedoutB.easytobeworkedoutC.easilyworkedoutD.easilytoworkout2.Everypossiblemeans______,butnoneprovessuccessful.A.hasbeentriedB.triedC.isbeingtriedD.hastried3.Thegirlisto______arichman.A.marrywithB.bemarriedC.marrytoD.bemarriedto4.Hereceivedatelegramthat______“Mothersick”.A.wroteB.saysC.readsD.read5.Whocanyouimagine______tohisweddingparty?A.invitingB.beinginvitedC.wasinvitedD.tobeinvited6.I______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.(NMET)A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven7.——WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?——Hesalreadybeen______.(NMET)A.askedforB.sentforC.calledforD.lookedfor8.Aconductor______tokeepusintimeinthesingingyesterday.A.needsB.isneedingC.wasneededD.hasbeenneeded9.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided10.Ways______tostoppollutionbynow.A.mustfindB.willbefoundC.arefoundD.havebeenfound11.Idontwantanything______aboutit.A.tosayB.saidC.sayingD.havingsaid12.——______thatthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.——Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.IvebeentoldB.IvetoldC.ImtoldD.Itold13.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.(NMET)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered14.Bettyhasneverbeenheard_______illofothers.A.speakB.spokenC.tospeakD.wassaid15.Tom______tohavedeliveredthespeechintheirtheatreroom.A.saidB.saysC.issaidD.wassaid16.——Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?——Oh,excellent.Itsworth______asecondtime.(NMET)A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread17.LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking.18.______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(NMET)A.GivenB.togiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven19.——where______thebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.——I______itrightherebutnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;haveput20.Hewouldnotfailsolongashe______hardthenextterm.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.studies21.Howlong______theEnglishparty______?A.has;beenlastedB.did;lastC.was;lastedD.will;belasted22.What______you______thistimenextFriday?A.will;doB.have;beendoingC.are;doingD.will;bedoing23.Hardly______thebell______whentheteachercamein.A.did;ringB.would;ringC.has;rungD.had;rung24.It______andthestreetswerestillwet.A.hadbeenrainingB.rainedC.hadbeenrainedD.wouldrain25.Thebook______onthegroundfortenminutesbutnonoehaspickeditup.A.islyingB.haslainC.layD.hasbeenlying26.We______therewhenit______torain.A.weregetting;wouldbeginB.wereabouttoget;beganC.hadgot;hadbegunD.wouldget;began27.Theteachersaidwe______tenlessonsbytheendofthisterm.A.shouldhavestudiedB.weregoingtostudyC.havestudiedD.shouldstudy28.——shetoldmeshehadmetyouinLondonlastyear.——______you______hersince?A.Had;metB.Did;seeC.Would;meetD.Have;seen29.——When______again?——Whenhe______,I’llletyouknow.A.willhecome;willcomeB.willhecome;comeC.hecomes;comesD.willhecome;comes30.Tom______formorethanaweek.A.hasleftB.hadgoneawayC.wentawayD.hasbeenaway31.——Whathappenedtoherteeth?——She______theapplemorethanshecouldchew.A.hasbittenB.bitC.hadbeenbittingD.bites32.Shakespearewassaid______37famousplaysinhislifetime.A.finishingwritingB.tofinishwritingC.havingwrittenD.tohavewritten33.——You’veagreedtogo.Sowhyaren’tyougettingready?——ButI______thatyou______metostartatonce.A.don’trealize;wantB.don’trealize;wantedC.haven’trealized;wantD.didn’trealize;wanted34.——Imissedthelecturelastnight.——Oh,whatapity!Iwish______.A.youheareditB.youhadhearditC.youneverhearditD.youhadn’theardit35.I’llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasI______it.A.finishedB.amgoingtofinishC.willfinishD.havefinished36.——Yourphonenumberagain?I______quitecatchit.——It’s9586442.(NMET)A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t37.——I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.——Oh,notatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe38.WhenIwasatcollege.I______threeforeignlanguages,butI______allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoedn;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten39.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe______.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving(NMET)40.——WhoisJerryCooper?——______?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.(NMET)A.Don’tyoumeethimyetB.Hadn’tyou