高一英語語法動詞的時態(tài)之一般過去時過去進行時和過去完成時

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載高一英語語法（2-2）：動詞的時態(tài)之一般過去時、過去進行時和過去完成時一般過去時（worked）（思考一般過去時與一般現(xiàn)在時的共同點和不同點）表示過去某一特定時間發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday,lastyear,in2007,afewmonthsago等表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：Where__________you__________(go)justnow?表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作，通常與often,usually等表示頻度的副詞連用。如：WhenI__________(be)achild,Ioften__________(play)footballinthestreet.表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道或記得的事情。如：Sorry,I__________(notknow)youwerehere.不好生意，我不知道你在這。（暗示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道）usedtodobeusedtodobeusedtodoing他以前常常每周都去看望他母親一次。He______________________________hismotheronceaweek.電扇是被用來給我們帶來風(fēng)的。Fans______________________________uswind.我習(xí)慣于晚飯后半小時外出散步。I______________________________outforawalkhalfanhourafterdinner.在時間、條件狀語從句中用來代替過去將來時。如：Maryhadleftthekeysintheclassroomsoshehadtowaituntilhermother__________(come)home.過去進行時（was/wereworking）（思考過去進行時與現(xiàn)在進行時的共同點和不同點）表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作，常與atthattime,then,thewholeafternoon,atsixyesterday,thistimeyesterday,lastnight等連用。如：What__________you__________(do)thistimeyeasterday?表示在過去某一段時間內(nèi)進行的動作。如：I__________(tidy)mysittingroomthewholemorning.表示一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進行。如：Whenhe__________(call)meyesterday,I__________(have)dinner.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。如：Hetoldmehe__________(leave)forShanghaithenextday.過去進行時與always，allthetime，continually，constantly等副詞連用，表示過去重復(fù)的動作，并且也常常帶有感嘆、驚訝、贊許、厭惡等情感。如：Whenheworkedhere,John__________always__________(make)mistakes.（厭惡）過去完成時（hadworked）表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動作，即這個動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”，這一過去時間可用by,at,before等構(gòu)成的短語以及由when,before,after,until等引導(dǎo)的從句或上下文來表示。如：Bytheendoflastterm,I__________already__________(learn)5,000words.By+現(xiàn)在的時間點+____________________將來的時間點+____________________過去的時間點+____________________用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句中。如：Ifhe__________(see)youyesterday,he__________(ask)youaboutit.if條件狀語從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反didbe---werewould,should,oughtto,could,might+do與將來事實相反（暗示將來不可能發(fā)生）didbe---wereweretodoshoulddowould,should,oughtto,could,might+do與過去事實相反haddonewould,should,oughtto,couldmight+havedone用在間接引語或賓語從句中，置于said,told,asked,thought,wondered等過去時的動詞后面，表示在這些動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的事情?！斑^去的過去”如：Shewonderedwho__________(leave)thedooropen.一般過去時的特殊用法用一般過去時的句子有時用地點狀語暗示動作發(fā)生在過去。如：---Haveyouseenapen?I__________(leave)herethismorning---Isitablackone?IthinkI__________(see)itsomewhere.有時句子的其他成分含有的時間也暗示動作發(fā)生在過去。如：Theyear2002__________(see)remarkablechangesinShanghai’slandscape.20XX年目睹了上海地貌的巨大變化。表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜在很多情況下，一般過去時的時間都是通過具體上下文來體現(xiàn)的。如：Mikehadgivenupsmokingforthreeweeks,butsoon__________(return)tohisoldways.表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜本打算：(had)intended，(had)meant，(had)planned本期望：(had)hoped，(had)wanted，(had)expected+todo本以為：(had)supposed，(had)thoughtWethoughttoreturnearly.翻譯：Imeanttogetupearly,butforgottosetthealarm.翻譯：Iwantedtoseetheexhibition,butthelongqueueputmeoff.翻譯：5.在特定的語境中個，當要揭示某情況的真相時，我們習(xí)慣上用一般過去時。如：It’snotasbigasI__________(expect).You’reolderthanI__________(think).Youwon’tcome?Butyou__________(promise).一般過去時表示的其他時間現(xiàn)在。有時代替一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌或商量的語氣。表示委婉語氣的動詞有want,hope,wonder,think,intend等（同四-4）及情態(tài)動詞could,would。如：__________(will)youmindmysittinghere?__________(can)youhelpme?__________(will)youlikeacupoftea?（詳見情態(tài)動詞）將來。一般過去時用在虛擬語氣中，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r間的動作或狀態(tài)（詳見虛擬語氣）。常用的句型有：Itis(high)timethatsb.didsth.“時間已經(jīng)遲了，某人早該做……了”Itis(high)timethatsb.shoulddosth.（should不能省略）Itis(high)timeforsb.todosth.（注意與Itisthefirsttimethatsb.havedone區(qū)分開來）Itwas(high)timethatsb.haddonesth.Itwas(high)timethatsb.shoulddosth.（should不能省略）Itwas(high)timeforsb.todosth.（注意與Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddone區(qū)分開來）wouldrathersb.didsth.“寧愿某人做某事”hadrathersb.didsth.一般過去時和過去進行時的用法區(qū)別強調(diào)點不同。一般過去時側(cè)重于說明發(fā)生某動作的事實，過去進行時側(cè)重于強調(diào)某動作的持續(xù)過程或動作持續(xù)的時間。如：It__________(rain)catsanddogslastnight.昨晚下了傾盆大雨。（強調(diào)下過雨，并不強調(diào)持續(xù)多長時間）It__________(rain)catsanddogslastnight.昨晚整整一夜都在下傾盆大雨。（強調(diào)雨沒停，一直在持續(xù)）。動作的完成情況不同。一般過去時表示動作已完成，而過去進行時表示動作未完成。如：Alice__________(read)asciencefictionstorylastnight.Alice昨晚讀了一本科幻小說。Alice__________(read)asciencefictionstorylastnight.昨晚Alice正在讀一本科幻小說。持續(xù)情況不同。一般過去時可表示時斷時續(xù)的動作，而過去進行時只能表示持續(xù)、不間斷的動作。如：He__________(work)from4o’clockuntilsuppertime.他從4點到晚飯時間一直在工作。一般過去時和過去完成時的用法區(qū)別一般過去時是對現(xiàn)在說話的時刻而言的，過去完成時則是對過去某一時刻而言的。如：He__________(work)inafactoryin2008.兩種時態(tài)簡歷的時間參照點不同。對過去完成時來說，時間參照點十分重要，它是過去完成概念賴以建立的基礎(chǔ)，也是和一般過去時相區(qū)別的重要標準。如：He__________(work)inafactorybeforehecamehere.一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別一般過去時中動作發(fā)生時的一個或一段過去時間是可以具體確定的，與其他時間沒有牽連；它所表示的事情純屬過去，與現(xiàn)在情況沒有聯(lián)系。如：We__________(visit)apowerstationyesterday.（只說明昨天參觀發(fā)電站這個事實）現(xiàn)在完成時中動作發(fā)生在不能具體指出的過去某個或某段時間，它所表示的事情與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)系，是過去事情在現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。如：We__________(visit)apowerstation.（暗示現(xiàn)在對發(fā)電站有所了解）現(xiàn)在完成時與過去完成時的用法區(qū)別兩種時態(tài)都常與一段時間狀語連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動作（句中不可有表示過去特定時間的狀語）。如：She__________(be)illforaweek.（暗示她從一周前到現(xiàn)在一直都在生病）過去完成時表示的是在過去某時之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時的動作（句中有表示過去特定時間的狀語）。如：She__________(be)illforaweekbeforeshecameback.（暗示她從回來前的一周到她回來這段時間在生病，“回來”發(fā)生在過去某一時間，“生病”發(fā)生在過去的過去到過去這段時間內(nèi)）過去完成時的特殊用法使用過去完成時的句式：（詳見狀語從句）一……就hardlysb.haddonewhensb.didnosoonersb.haddonethansb.didHardlyhadsb.donewhensb.didNosoonerhadsb.donewhensb.did如：Hardly__________(hearrive)whenshe___________(start)complaining.__________nosooner__________(Iclose)thedoorthansomebody__________(knock).這是sb.第一次做sth.Itwasthefirsttime(that)sb.haddone如：Itwasthefirsttime(that)he__________(be,bite)byadog.EX.Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空。WhenIwasachild,Ioften__________footballinthestreet.(play)He__________TVfrom7to9lastnight.(watch)WhenevertheBrowns__________duringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.(go)ThestudentsdiditbetterthanI__________.(expect)I__________abookwhenhecamein.(read)YouarefromShanghai.I__________youwerefromGuangdong.(think)Bythetimethepolicemenarrived,we__________thethief.(catch)Ihaven’tvisitedhimsinceI__________here.(come)OurteachertoldusthatColumbus__________Americain1492.(discover)Therewassomeoneinourroomjustnow,becauseI__________aburningcigaretteendonthefloorwhenIopenedthefrontdoor.(notice)Ⅱ.單項選擇。Johnhadtohavehiscarrepairedinagaragebecauseit__________seriously.A.damagedB.wasbeingdamagedC.haddamagedD.hadbeendamaged---Jack,howdoyoufindyourcompany?---Alittleworried.We__________groundasaleaderinthisfieldwiththeothersdevelopingfast.A.havelostB.arelosingC.lostD.werelosing---DidAlanenjoyseeinghisoldfriendsyesterday?---Yes,hedid.He__________hisoldfriendsforalongtime.A.didn’tseeB.wouldn’tseeC.hasn’tseeD.hadn’tseenEnglishhasbeenchangingforcenturies,andevennow,newwordsandexpressions__________nearlyeveryday.A.areaddedB.arebeingaddedC.haveaddedD.havebeenadded---Whyhaven’tyouaskedhertocomehere?---She__________animportantexperimentwhenIfoundherandshe__________it.A.haddone;didn’tfinishB.wasdoing;hasn’tfinishedC.did;wouldn’tfinishD.hasdone;hadn’tfinishedI’dratheryou__________rightnow.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.shouldleaveHowIwishI__________suchasillymistake,butIdid.A.hadnotmadeB.wouldnotmakeC.didn’tmakeD.haven’tmadeMymotherfeltpleasedwithherselfbecauseshe__________myfathertogiveupsmoking.A.haspersuadedB.hadpersuadedC.hasadvisedD.hadadvised---Whyonearthdidn’tyouanswerthphone?---I’msorry,butthedoorbell__________,too.A.isringingB.wasringingC.rangD.wasabouttoring---Youshouldhavefinisheditsooner.---Iknow.ButI__________enoughtime.A.hadn’thadB.don’thaveC.won’thaveD.didn’thaveIhadapleasantsurprisewhenIgottomyroom.Someone__________someflowersthereforme.A.hadputB.hasputC.putD.isputtingIdon’tknowifyounoticedtheirabsenceornot,butwe__________.A.didB.haveC.hadD.wereJohnhasgonetoShanghai,butI’mwonderingwhyhe__________insuchahurry.A.leftB.hasleftC.leavesD.wasleavingAssoonasIgotonthebusIrealizedthatI__________mypapersinthehouse.A.leftB.wasleavingC.hadleftD.haveleft---They__________theroadlastnight,buttheywon’tcompleteituntiltomorrow.---Sotheroadisstillclosedtothetraffic,isn’tit?A.repairedB.wererepairingC.hadrepairedD.hadbeenrepairingSalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,whenpeople__________toenjoytheadvantagesofthistechnology.A.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbegunWhentheoldman__________towalkbacktohishouse,thesun__________itselfbehindthemountain.A.started;hadalreadyhiddenB.hadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid---YouwereoutwhenIdroppedinatyourhome.---Oh,I__________forafriendfromEnglandattheairport.A.waswaitingB.hadwaitedC.amwaitingD.havewaitedThenewscameasnosurprisetome.I__________forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.knowThegirl__________inasmanyastenfilmsbythetimeshewassixteen.A.actedB.hadactedC.wasactingD.wouldactⅢ.指出下列句子的錯誤并改正。（每句一處）WhenIlastsawJanet,shehurriedtohernextclassontheothersideofthecampusanddidn’thavetimetotalk.AlthoughMr.Whitehadbeenoneofthebestknownnewspapermeninthecountry,hedidnotenjoyhisworkverymuch.Nancysaidthatshewenttothesupermarketbeforecominghome.Iusetoplayping-pongalotinmysparetime,butnowIaminterestedinfootball.---Hurryup!AliceandSuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.---Oh!Ithoughttheywentwithoutme.Theywantedtohelp,buttheycouldnotgetthereintime.Thatwasreallyasplendidevening.It’syearssinceIhaveenjoyedmyselfsomuch.Thediscussionwascomingalivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin.ThestudentswerewritingbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogettobooksheleftintheclassroom.Theproductionplanwascarriedoutbytheendoflastyear.Ⅳ.單項選擇OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon__________hisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturnedHelen__________herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband__________home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome---HasSamfinishedhishomeworktoday?---Ihavenoidea.He__________itthismorning.A.didB.hasdoneC.wasdoingD.haddone---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?---Ofcourse.Whatisit?---I__________ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonderShe__________herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldchangeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschangingJohn,afriendofmine,whogotmarriedonlylastweek,spent$3,000morethanhe__________forthewedding.A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned---WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?---Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand__________totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingIdon’tthinkJimsawme;he__________intospace.A.juststaredB.wasjuststaringC.hasjuststaredD.hadjuststaredIcalledHannahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________onthephoneallthetime.A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talkedIdon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook.I__________ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlendB.waslendingC.hadlentD.lent---Ibegyourpardon,butIdidn’tquitecatchyou.---Oh,I__________myself.A.amtalkingtoB.talkedaboutC.havetalkedtoD.wastalkingto---We__________thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.---I’msorry.I__________tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.A.hadexpected;hadintendedB.expect;intendC.areexpecting;hadintendedD.expected;intend---Wheredoyouthink__________he__________thecomputer?---Sorry.Ihavenoidea.A.has;boughtB./;boughtC.did;buyD./;buys---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?---Idon’tthinkso.He__________totheradiowithhiseyesshut.A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistenedShe__________totheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.A.hasnosoonergotB.hadhardlygotC.nosoonergotD.hadnosoonergot---I’msorry,butthere’snosmokingonthisfloor.---Oh,I__________that.Sorry,Iwon’tagain.A.don’tknowB.didn’tknowC.won’tknowD.haven’tknowIthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe__________it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned---DoesLiPingserveinthearmy?---No,buthe__________inthearmyforfiveyears.A.servedB.hasservedC.isservingD.wouldserve---I’msorry.Ishouldn’thavebeen