高中英語語法板塊歸納和總結：主謂一致

主謂一致英語的一致關系的其中一條就是要求謂語動詞與主語之間保持人稱和數(shù)的一致,,問題的關鍵就是要弄清誰是主語,謂語與那一個詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.一．謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式1表示時間，數(shù)目，距離，價格等名詞復數(shù)作為主語，作為整體看時謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)，如：tenpounds，fiveweeks，threemiles等eg：Tenpoundsisenoughforsuchathinbook.2非謂語動詞中的動詞-ing(（即動名詞）形式,不定式或者從句做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。whenwewilldiscusstheproblemhasn’tbeendecidedyet.Smokingisbadforus.3以-s結尾的書，報刊，地名，組織名稱或是以-ics結尾的表示學科(physics/politics/maths/mathematics/statistics)，以S結尾的不可數(shù)名詞做主語的時候，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Mathematicsisthelanguageofscience.TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.TheNewYorkTimessellswellintheUSA.Rootswasabookaboutaslavefamily.Thenewsisashocktothem.４在下列短語中，雖然有and連接，但仍然視為單數(shù)：each…andeach…，every…andevery…，no…andno…,manya…andmanya...或者雖有and連接，但表示同一人或物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Everyboyandeverygirlinourclasslikesthepopstar.Thewriterandteacheriscoming.Manyaworkerandengineerhassucceededintheexperiment.Manyaboy(andmanyagirl)isveryglad.Noboyandnogirlwantstoservethepeople.區(qū)別于：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.下列各詞常看作整體：breadandbutter（黃油面包），aknifeandfork（一副刀叉），acartandhouse（一輛馬車），aneedleandthread（針線）５不定代詞eｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ／ａｎｙｏｎｅ／ｎｏｏｎｅ／ｅｖｅｒｙｔｈｉｎｇ／ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ／ｓｏｍｅｂｏｄｙ／ｎｏｂｏｄｙ／／或是用ｅａｃｈ／ｅｖｅｒｙ／ｗｈｏｌｅ／ｎｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｅｉｔｈｅｒ／ｍａｎｙａ／ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｏｎｅ＋單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Tｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｎａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｄｅｅｐｉｎｔｏｓｏｒｒｏｗａｔｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｏｆｈｉｓｄｅａｔｈ．Everyoneishere.Eachboyhasabook.Eachofushasataperecorder.Neitherofthemlikesme.Morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.6數(shù)詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。算式中謂語動詞用單復數(shù)都可以Tenisaroundnumber.Theretimesfiveis(are)fifteen.7Oneandahalf+復數(shù)名詞作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.二謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式1形容詞帶the表一類人，姓氏復數(shù)加定冠詞表示一家人，s結尾的海峽，瀑布，山脈與群島(NiagaraFalls尼亞加拉瀑布等），謂語用復數(shù)。TheSmithsoftenplaywiththeirchildrenintheirsparetimeTheoldaretakengoodcareofhere.TheHimalyasyasaretheceilingoftheworld.2the與English/Japanese/Swiss/French/police/cattle/folk(人們，人民)等集體名詞一起連用是用復數(shù)。Look,Thecattleareeatinggrassinthehill.TheEnglishhaveawonderfulsenceofhumour.Thepolicearerunningafterathief.三謂語動詞二原則1：堅持就前一致的的原則（就遠一致）。TogetherwithAlongwith/withBesides/but/except/inadditionto名詞+aswellas +名詞+謂語動詞IncludingRatherthanlike（像。。。一樣）morethanaccompaniedby謂語動詞與前面的名詞保持一致。Ateachertogetherwithstudentsiscoming.Youratherthanheareonduty.(是你在值日,而不是他.)Theteacheraswellasstudendswaslateforthemeeting.2：堅持就近一致的原則(1)在eitherAorB，notonlyAbutalsoB，neitherAnorB,AorB,notAbutB結構中，Notonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong.Notonlyhebutalsoyouarewrong.(2)therebe和herebe句型中Hereisapen,abook,twopencilsandsomerules.Therearesomebooksandapen.四定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中關系代詞如果在從句中作主語，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞應該與先行詞保持一致。（1）當先行詞是oneof+名詞復數(shù)定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)。（2）當先行詞是theonlyoneof+名詞復數(shù)時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。五根據(jù)具體情況考慮謂語動詞的單復數(shù)1集體名詞作主語像army/class/family/team/party/enemy/group/government/couple/audience/（觀眾）crew/crowd/company/committee(委員會)等作主語時，如果指整體概念時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyisn’tlarge.Theclassismadeupoffortyfivestudents.如果指整體里的具體成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Myfamilyareallinterestedincollectedincollectingstamps.2分數(shù)，百分數(shù)以及therest/most/half/all+of+名詞作主語,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)由后面的名詞決定。如果of后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)；如果后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)。M.ostofthemhavebeenhere;therestarearrivinglater.Thebeginningofthebookisboring,buttherestisinteresting.Seventypercentofhisincomegoestotherent.60percentofthestudentsarefromthecity.3當some作一些講時，跟復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，跟不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；當作“某個”講時，跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Somestudentslikeplayingfootball.Somestudentiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.4what/who/which在主系表結構中，謂語動詞的形式要考慮表語的單復數(shù)。whatshesaidisofgreatimportant.Whatsheleftareonlysomeoldbooks.六主謂一致的個別情況1thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞,theamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù);anumberof+復數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復數(shù)Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.2What'stheamountofmoney?3AlargequantityofAvarietyof +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與quantity/variety/massAmassof保持一致，用單數(shù)。LargequantitiesofVarietiesof +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與quantities/varieties/massesof mases一致，用復數(shù)。Alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與amount一致，用單數(shù)。但是：Largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞與amounts一致，用復數(shù)。例如：Largeamountsofwaterhavebeenwasted.Alargeamountofwaterhasbeenwasted.3單復數(shù)同形的詞Means，sheep,species,series,deer，works(工廠)主要看前面的修飾詞，如果被these/those/all/both/several/ten，等復數(shù)意義的詞修飾，則謂語動詞用復數(shù)；如果被each/every/no等單數(shù)意義的詞修飾，則用單數(shù)。Everypossiblemeanshasbeenusedtopreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.Thismeansisveryuseful.Onesheepisill.Allthesheeparemissing.Theglassworkswassetupin1998.Theseglassworksarenearthetrainstation.但是：works指“作品，著作”講時，謂語一定用復數(shù)。Shakespeare'sworksincludeplaysandpoems.4.Population作主語通常情況下用單數(shù);但是當被分數(shù)或百分數(shù)所修飾限制時，謂語動詞多用復數(shù)，尤其用作主語，表語是復數(shù)形式時。ThepopulationofChinaisundercontrol.What’sthepopulationofChina?EightypercentofthepopulationofChinaarefarmers.5倒裝句的主謂一致關鍵要分清倒裝句的形式，是完全倒裝，還是部分倒裝Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.Onthewallaretwolargepictures.6有兩個部分構成表示衣物或工具的名詞作主語如trousers，Pants，shoes,clothes,glasses，scissors,compasses,chopsticks,）等謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式，但是當前面有apairof，asetof,aseriesof,