2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三一模英語試卷 （解析版）

房山區(qū)2023年高三年級第一次模擬考試英語本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IglancedtomyleftandrightasIgotreadyatthestartingline.Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumpsandIwasevenmore___1___thanbefore.“Onyourmark,getset...Go!”shoutedtheraceofficial.Ipushedmyselfforwardwithallmy___2___andstartedrunningasthoughaprideofman-eatinglionswerecomingafterme.AsIran,Icouldseetheothercompetitorscatchingupwithme.Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.Ahundredpairsofeyesboredintome,watchingme___3___togetup.ButnomatterhowhardItried,Ijustcouldnotdoit.“No,itcannotendlikethis.Ihaveto___4___thisrace.”Ithoughttomyself.However,thepainfrommyinjurywassounbearablethatIfelttotally___5___.Ireallywantedtogiveup.Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor___6___herhandtome.“Thankyou...”Iwhispered___7___asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup.Shelentmehershoulderforsupport,andI___8___forward.Thecrowdcheeredatthisbrilliantdisplayof___9___.Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.EventhoughInevergotthechancetolearnhername,IwillalwaysrememberherastheonewhosteppedforwardtohelpmewhenIwasin_____10_____.1.A.tired B.confused C.nervous D.regretful2.A.joy B.might C.trouble D.shame3.A.attempt B.hesitate C.wait D.pretend4.A.organize B.evaluate C.appreciate D.complete5.A.defeated B.inspired C.shocked D.relaxed6.A.waved B.extended C.showed D.pointed7.A.proudly B.cautiously C.awkwardly D.gratefully8.A.moved B.fell C.bent D.looked9.A.partnership B.sportsmanship C.leadership D.friendship10.A.anger B.doubt C.need D.silence【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者在一次跑步比賽中，摔倒了，膝蓋的疼痛讓作者無法繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。就在作者感到絕望時，旁邊的選手停下來，攙扶著作者走向終點(diǎn)線。這讓作者很是感動，并會永遠(yuǎn)記住這個在他需要幫助時，及時向他伸出援助之手的人?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：看著旁邊充滿自信且表情兇神惡煞的其他競爭者，我感到渾身起雞皮疙瘩，我比之前更加緊張。A.tired疲憊的；B.confused困惑的；C.nervous緊張的；D.regretful后悔的。根據(jù)前文“Thesightofothercompetitorswhohadconfidentandfierce-lookingfacesgotmegoosebumps”可知，此處指作者看著旁邊的人充滿自信感到更加緊張，故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我用盡全身力氣向前沖，盡管后面一群吃人的獅子緊跟在我后面。A.joy高興，喜悅；B.might強(qiáng)大力量，威力；C.trouble困難；D.shame羞愧。根據(jù)后文“andstartedrunning”可知，此處指我用盡全身強(qiáng)大的力量先前沖，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一百雙眼睛盯著我看，看我努力試圖爬起來。A.attempt企圖，努力；B.hesitate猶豫；C.wait等待；D.pretend假裝。根據(jù)前文“Allofasudden,Ifelldownonmyknees.”可知，此處指我在賽跑時摔倒了，故努力試圖爬起來，故填A(yù)?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我心里想：“不，不能就這樣結(jié)束了。我必須完成這次比賽”。A.organize組織；B.evaluate評估，評價；C.appreciate欣賞，感激；D.complete完成。根據(jù)前文“No,itcannotendlikethis.”可知，此處指不能就這樣結(jié)束，我必須完成這次比賽，故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，我膝蓋上的疼痛如此無法忍受，以至于我感覺很泄氣。A.defeated泄氣的，受挫的；B.inspired受到鼓舞的；C.shocked震驚的；D.relaxed放松的。根據(jù)上文“However,thepainfrommyinjurywassounbearable”以及后文“Ireallywantedtogiveup.”可知，此處指我想放棄，因此我是感覺很泄氣的，故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在這時，一個善良的競爭者向我伸出了手。A.waved揮手；B.extended延伸，伸出；C.showed展示；D.pointed指向。根據(jù)后文“asIgrabbedherhandandshepulledmeup”可知，此處指她向我伸出手，故選B。【7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我抓住她的手，她把我拉起來的時候，我感激地說著“謝謝你”。A.proudly驕傲地；B.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；C.awkwardly尷尬地；D.gratefully感激地。根據(jù)前文“akindcompetitor___6___herhandtome.”可知，此處指我很感激那個向我伸出手的競爭者，因此是感激地說著謝謝，故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她把肩膀借給我支撐，我向前移動。A.moved移動；B.fell摔，落；C.bent彎腰；D.looked看。根據(jù)后文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.”可知，此處指我支撐著她的肩膀，向終點(diǎn)線移動，故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：觀眾為這種杰出的體育精神而歡呼。A.partnership合伙，合作關(guān)系；B.sportsmanship體育精神；C.leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能；D.friendship友誼。根據(jù)前文“Together,bothofuscrossedthefinishingline.”可知，此處指我在比賽中摔倒了，旁邊的人扶著我走向終點(diǎn)，這是一種體育精神，故選B。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管我不知道她的名字，但我將永遠(yuǎn)記得她，因?yàn)樗窃谖矣行枰獣r，走上前來幫助我的那個人。A.anger怒氣；B.doubt疑惑；C.need需要；D.silence沉默。根據(jù)前文“Outofdespair,Igazedupatthefinishingline.Justthen,akindcompetitor___6___herhandtome.”可知，此處指她在我需要幫助時，向我伸出了援助之手，故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIwassevenyearsold,Icaughtacoldandhadtostayathome.Myparentshadtowork,somyneighborcameovertolookafterme.Shereadmanydifferentbookstome____11____(patient),includingadventuressetinancienttimes,travelstories,familydramas,historicalnovels,etc.Tomyjoy,____12____(listen)toeachbookmademefeellikewatchingamovie,butbetterbecausebooksgavemuchmoredetailsthanmovies.Shestartedmyinterestinreading.Nextyear,aftergraduatingfromcollege,I____13____(have)ajobteachingEnglish.IhopethatIcantransfertheloveofreadingtomystudents.【答案】11.patiently12.listening13.willhave##amgoingtohave【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者小時候，鄰居激發(fā)了作者的閱讀興趣。【11題詳解】考查副詞。句意：她耐心地給我讀了很多不同的書，包括古代冒險故事、旅行故事、家庭劇、歷史小說等。修飾動詞，用副詞形式。故填patiently。【12題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：讓我高興的是，每聽一本書都讓我感覺像在看電影，但更好，因?yàn)闀入娪疤峁┝烁嗟募?xì)節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中缺少主語，所以用動名詞作主語。故填listening。【13題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：明年，大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，我將有一份教英語的工作。根據(jù)時間狀語Nextyear可知，用一般將來時。故填willhave/amgoingtohave。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。BeijingOlympicPark,also____14____(know)astheOlympicGreen,islocatedinChaoyangDistrict,Beijing,withatotallandareaof11.59squarekilometers.ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”isthecenterpieceofthepark,____15____theopeningandclosingceremoniesofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerehosted.TheNationalAquaticsCenteror“WaterCube”hostedtheswimming,divingandsynchronizedswimmingevents.Itwastransformed____16____the“IceCube”forthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicandParalympicGames,anddetachablecurlingtrackswerebuiltontheswimmingpooltohostcurlingevents.【答案】14.known15.where16.into##to【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。介紹了北京奧林匹克公園?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：北京奧林匹克公園，又稱奧林匹克公園，位于北京市朝陽區(qū)，總土地面積11.59平方公里。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處作定語，主語BeijingOlympicPark與know之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語。故填known?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：著名的國家體育館或者“鳥巢”是公園的中心，在這里舉辦了2022年北京冬奧會的開幕式和閉幕式。根據(jù)句子分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為ThefamousNationalStadiumor“Bird’sNest”，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。【16題詳解】考查介詞。句意：為2022年北京冬奧會和殘運(yùn)會，將它改造成了“冰立方”，并在游泳池上建造了可拆卸的冰壺跑道，以舉辦冰壺比賽。根據(jù)句意可知，此處意為“轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?，改變?yōu)椤?，表達(dá)為betransformedinto/to。故填into/to。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WorldEnvironmentDay(WED)isadayweallneedtoputinour____17____(diary).IthappensonJune5everyyearandshouldbeoneofthemostimportantdaysoftheholidaycalendar.WED____18____(create)in1972bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly.Theenvironmentwasn’tsuchabigissuebackthen.Butitisoneofthehottesttopicsintheworldtoday.WEDhelpsraiseworldwideawarenessofthethreatstoourenvironment.____19____peoplecandothatdayistostartchanginglifestylestoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Manyenvironmentalagenciesorganizeeventsbasedondifferentthemeseachyear.Theseeventsencouragebothgovernmentsandlocalcommunitiestoworktogether____20____(handle)environmentalproblems.【答案】17.diaries18.wascreated19.What20.tohandle【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界環(huán)境日?！?7題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：世界環(huán)境日是我們每個人都需要記在日記里的一天。名詞diary為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)形容詞性物主代詞our可知，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填diaries?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：世界環(huán)境日由聯(lián)合國大會于1972年創(chuàng)立。根據(jù)時間狀語in1972可知，用一般過去時。主語WED是單數(shù)，與create之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填wascreated。【19題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：人們在這一天能做的就是開始改變生活方式來減少碳足跡。本句為主語從句，從句缺少賓語，指物，所以用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故填What?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些活動鼓勵政府和當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)共同努力解決環(huán)境問題。句中用不定式作目的狀語。故填tohandle。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATohelpnewstudents,theInternationalBusinessInstitute(IBI)planstosetupabuddy(伙伴)peersupportproject.TheprojectwillhelpnewstudentsmeetcurrentstudentsatIBIwhocanprovidethemwithsomefriendlycompanyduringtheirfirstmonthsinNewcastleandhelpthemwithanysmallproblemsthattheymayhave.What’sinitforyou?Webelievethatbeingabuddywillberewardinginseveralways.Asavolunteer,itwillbepersonallysatisfyingtoknowthatyouareabletohelpnewstudents.Itwillalsohelpyoumakecontactsthatmaybevaluableinyourfutureacademicandprofessionallives.Ifyouareanoverseasstudent,itwillgiveyouanotheropportunitytopractisespeakingEnglish.Responsibilitiesofbuddies·Telephoneandarrangetomakecontactwiththenewstudent.·Meetthestudentandshowhim/heraroundthecampusandthelocalarea.AnswerquestionsaboutlivinginNewcastleandadministrationproceduresatIBI.·Arrangetomeetthenewstudentonemorningorafternoononeweekendearlyinthesemester,andtakethestudenttoplacesthatyouenjoyinNewcastle.·Bepreparedtotakephonecallsfromthenewstudenttoanswerfurtherquestionsthathe/shemayhavefromtimetotime.Meettoexplaininformationtothenewstudentinperson,ifrequired.·Youwillbematchedtoanindividualnewstudent.However,ifyouhavefriendswhoarealsobuddies,youmightprefertoformasupportgrouptogether.Thiswouldmeanthatyoumeetthenewstudentsasagroupratherthanone-on-one.·Beingabuddyisvoluntary.Thereisno“requirement”toprovideassistancebeyondthehelpoutlinedabove.Pleasenotethatifyouagreetobecomeapeersupportbuddyyouwillbeexpectedtofulfilyourroleconscientiouslyandcheerfully.Itwillbeimportanttobeconsiderateandreliablesothatthestudentcanfeelconfidentinyoursupport.21.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcanyougetfrombeingabuddy?A.Youcanlearnhowtobeaconfidentperson.B.Itiseasyforyoutofindsomefriendlycompany.C.Youcanberewardedwithbothmoneyandprizes.D.Itmaybehelpfulforyourfuturestudiesandcareer.22.Asabuddy,youneedto________.A.formasupportgroupwithothervolunteersatIBIB.provideassistanceinstudyingeachsubjectafterclassC.meetthenewstudenteverymorningearlyinthesemesterD.helpthenewstudentgetfamiliarwithhisorhersurroundings23.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tointroducecampuslifefornewstudents.B.Toattractpotentialvolunteerstobepeersupporters.C.ToofferanopportunitytopractisespeakingEnglish.D.Toprovidesomeinformationaboutstudyingoverseas.【答案】21.D22.D23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了國際商業(yè)學(xué)院（IBI）計劃設(shè)立的‘幫助伙伴項(xiàng)目’的好處以及其成員的責(zé)任?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)What’sinitforyou?部分中“Itwillalsohelpyoumakecontactsthatmaybevaluableinyourfutureacademicandprofessionallives.(它還會幫助你建立對你未來的學(xué)術(shù)和職業(yè)生涯有價值的聯(lián)系)”可知，成為伙伴幫助者可能對你未來的學(xué)習(xí)和職業(yè)有幫助。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Responsibilitiesofbuddies部分第二點(diǎn)中“Meetthestudentandshowhim/heraroundthecampusandthelocalarea.(與學(xué)生見面，并帶他/她參觀校園和當(dāng)?shù)氐貐^(qū))”可知，作為一名伙伴幫助者，你需要幫助新生熟悉環(huán)境。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Tohelpnewstudents,theInternationalBusinessInstitute(IBI)planstosetupabuddy(伙伴)peersupportproject.(為了幫助新生，國際商業(yè)學(xué)院（IBI）計劃設(shè)立‘幫助伙伴項(xiàng)目’)”可知，文章主要介紹了國際商業(yè)學(xué)院（IBI）計劃設(shè)立的‘幫助伙伴項(xiàng)目’的好處以及其成員的責(zé)任，目的是吸引潛在的志愿者成為伙伴幫助者。故選B。BBornwithseverehearingloss,Lihasfoundherwaytocommunicatewiththeworld—throughpainting.Beforelearningtopaint,Lialwaysfeltlonelyinasilentworld.Sheknewshewasdifferentfromherpeersbecauseshecouldnothear.Butapaintingclassinprimaryschoolopenedforheradoortocreativityandawayofexpression.“Istillremembermyfirstmural,whichwastohelpakindergartentodesignandpaintitswall,”Lisays.“TheprojectmademerealizehowhappyIwasimmersingmyselfintopainting.”Topursueherpassionforart,Liwenttostudyadvertisingdesignatavocationalandtechnicalschool.“Paintingbrushescanhelpmecreateacolorfulworldinmyimagination,tellingmythoughtsonpaper,insteadofthroughvoices,”Lisaid.Graduatingfromcollegein2005,Ligotajobasatypistatapublicinstitute.Butshecouldnotcommunicatewellwithherothercolleagues.Herhusbandunderstoodhowshefeltbecausehelosthishearingduetomedicationwhenhewas1yearold.Heisalsoanartlover.InMarch2016,underherhusband’ssuggestion,Liquitherjobandjoinedherhusband’scompany,whichspecializesin3Dwallandgroundpaintings.Wallpaintingisademandingjobbecauseitrequirespeopletoworkoutdoors,whetherinextremelycoldorhotweather.Asallthepeoplearehearing-impairedintheircompany,communicationwithclientsisthemostcommonchallengethattheteamfaces.Nowinmanyparksandscenicspots,thecouplehavecreatedlarge-scalemuralsandinteractivepavementpaintingthatmakeonlookersapartofthedrawings.“MyhusbandandIwanttointroducepaintingtomorepeoplelikeusandhelpthemfindtheirownwaytomakealiving,”Lisays.NowLihasanapprenticewhojustgraduatedfromcollege.Whilecoachingthenewcomer,Liisexploringherownstyleandhopestobecomeanillustratorandopenherownexhibitiononeday.“They’reenergeticyoungpeoplewithapassiontocreatenewthings,andyoucanfeelthatintheirpaintings,”oneoftheirclientssaid.“They’realsoaprofessional,dedicatedteam,oftenworkinglateintothenightonthedesignsforus.”Lihopesthattheirstoriescanencouragemorehearing-impairedpeopletobuildtheirowncareersandachievetheirgoals,regardlessofhowtoughitmaybe.24.Accordingtothepassage,thepaintingclassinprimaryschool________.A.startedLi’sfirstadvertisingdesignB.helpedLifindanewwaytoexpressherselfC.madeLilearnabout3DwallandgroundpaintingsD.turnedLi’sdreamofopeninganexhibitionintoreality25.Whatcanweknowfromthispassage?A.Licancommunicatewithherclientseasily.B.LilostherhearingwhenshewasIyearold.C.Liandherhusbandhavecreatedmanywonderfulpaintings.D.Liandherhusbandhopetobecomeillustratorsinthefuture.26.Tohelppeoplewithhearingloss,whatdoesLiintendtodo?A.Donatemoneytothem. B.Designpaintinggiftsforthem.C.Inspirethemtocreatetheirowncareers. D.Supportthemtocompletecollegeeducation.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Acceptingwhatyouhavemakesyouhappy. D.Nothingisimpossibletothemanwhowilltry.【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Li天生聽力嚴(yán)重受損，但她通過繪畫找到了與世界交流的方式，她希望她的故事能鼓勵那些與她一樣聽力受損的人建立自己的事業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想。【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butapaintingclassinprimaryschoolopenedforheradoortocreativityandawayofexpression.(但小學(xué)的繪畫課為她打開了一扇通往創(chuàng)造力和表達(dá)方式的大門。)”可知，小學(xué)的繪畫課為她打開了創(chuàng)造力與表達(dá)自己的大門。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的“Nowinmanyparksandscenicspots,thecouplehavecreatedlarge-scalemuralsandinteractivepavementpaintingthatmakeonlookersapartofthedrawings.(現(xiàn)在，在很多公園和景區(qū)，這對夫婦創(chuàng)作了大型壁畫和互動路面繪畫，讓旁觀者成為繪畫的一部分。)”可知，在許多公園和景點(diǎn)都能見到Li與她丈夫的作品，由此可知，她與她丈夫創(chuàng)作了許多美好的繪畫。故選C。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Lihopesthattheirstoriescanencouragemorehearing-impairedpeopletobuildtheirowncareersandachievetheirgoals,regardlessofhowtoughitmaybe.(Li希望他們的故事可以鼓勵更多的聽障人士建立自己的事業(yè)并實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)，無論多么艱難。)”可知，Li希望用自己的故事激勵那些跟她一樣聽力受損的人無論有多難，要建立自己的事業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢想。故選C項(xiàng)。27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“Bornwithseverehearingloss,Lihasfoundherwaytocommunicatewiththeworld—throughpainting.(天生患有嚴(yán)重的聽力損失，李找到了與世界交流的方式——通過繪畫。)”可知，Li雖聽力受損，但她仍找到了與世界溝通的方式——繪畫，根據(jù)第四段中的“Topursueherpassionforart,Liwenttostudyadvertisingdesignatavocationalandtechnicalschool.(為了追求自己對藝術(shù)的熱情，李去一所職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)廣告設(shè)計。)”可知，她為追求自己對藝術(shù)熱愛，她上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)廣告設(shè)計，并順利畢業(yè)，找到一份工作，但她不滿意自己的工作狀況，又辭職與她丈夫從事3D墻面和地面繪畫，并在各公園和旅游景點(diǎn)創(chuàng)作許多的藝術(shù)作品，由此可知，本文主要告訴我們的是，只要肯努力，沒有什么不可能。故選D項(xiàng)。CVastunderwatermeadows(草甸)ofgentlywavingseagrasscoverhundredsofmilesupanddowntheWestCoast.Theseblue-greenfieldsperformavarietyofimportantservices.Theyprotecttheshorelinefromerosion,clearpollutantsfromthewaterandprovidehabitatsforallkindsofmarineanimals.Newresearchsuggestsseagrassmeadowsmayalsomitigateaseriousconsequenceofgreenhousegasemissions:thesteadyacidificationofoceanwaters.ThestudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiologyfindsthatseagrassforestscanraisepHlevelsincoastalwaters.Astheyperformphotosynthesis(光合作用),theyremovecarbondioxidefromthewater,counteractingtheacidifyingeffectofthegas.“Ithinkweareallveryexcitedaboutit,”saidleadstudyauthorAuroraRicart,ascientistattheBigelowLaboratoryforMarineSciences.Oceanacidificationisasideeffectofrisingcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphere.SomeofthisCO2dissolvesoutoftheairandintotheseacausingachemicalreactionthatlowersthewater’spH.Scientistssometimesrefertoitasglobalwarming’s“eviltwin”—aninvisiblecompaniontoclimatechange.Oceanacidificationcanhaveharmfuleffectsonmarineorganismslikeshellfishandcoralbypreventingthemfromproperlyformingthehardshellstheyneedtosurvive.It’sathreatbothtonaturalecosystemsandtoshellfishfisheriesaroundtheworld.Thestudypresentsanaturalwaytoaddresstheproblem.Researchersanalyzedsixyearsofdatafromseagrassmeadowsspanningmorethan600milesofftheCaliforniacoastline.Itfocusedonthecommoneelgrass,oneofthemostwidespreadseagrassspeciesontheWestCoast.Theauthorsclaimit’sthelargest,mostcomprehensivestudyofitskind.Accordingtothestudy,seagrassecosystemscanraisepHlevelsbymorethan0.1unit,equivalenttoabouta30%decreaseinacidity.Theeffectisn’tconstant.Itcomesinwavesandisinfluencedbytemperature,daylight,oceancurrentsandotherfactorsthataffectwaterchemistryandseagrassphotosynthesisrates.Butthetemperinginfluenceonacidificationcanbelasting,sometimespersistingforuptothreeweeksatatime.ThestudyalsoshowsthatpHishigherinseagrassecosystems,comparedtonearbyareaswithnoseagrass,about65%ofthetime.Thestudydidn’tinvestigatetheeffectsofhigherpHonmarineorganisms—that’saquestionforfutureresearch.Butthere’sreasontobelievethesemeadowsmayhaveapositiveinfluenceonshellfishandotheroceananimals.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.SeagrassforestscanlowerpHlevelsofcoastalwaters.B.Shellfishandcoralsarenotaffectedbyoceanacidification.C.Seagrassmeadowscanhelpremovepollutantsfromtheseawater.D.TheeffectsofhigherpHonmarineorganismswereinvestigatedinthisstudy.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Relieve. B.Present. C.Cause. D.Predict.30.Paragraph7tellsustheresearch________.A.findings B.process C.questions D.reflection31.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Toillustratetheserioussituationofclimatechange.B.Topresentthelivingconditionsoftheunderwatermeadows.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofresearchonmarinepollution.D.Tointroduceanaturalwaytosolvetheproblemofoceanacidification.【答案】28.C29.A30.A31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海草草甸還可以緩解由溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致的海水持續(xù)酸化?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theyprotecttheshorelinefromerosion,clearpollutantsfromthewaterandprovidehabitatsforallkindsofmarineanimals.(它們保護(hù)海岸線免受侵蝕，清除水中的污染物，為各種海洋動物提供棲息地)”可知，海草草甸可以幫助去除海水中的污染物。故選C?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThestudypublishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiologyfindsthatseagrassforestscanraisepHlevelsincoastalwaters.Astheyperformphotosynthesis(光合作用),theyremovecarbondioxidefromthewater,counteractingtheacidifyingeffectofthegas.(這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《全球變化生物學(xué)》雜志上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海草林可以提高沿海水域的pH值。當(dāng)它們進(jìn)行光合作用時，它們會從水中去除二氧化碳，抵消氣體的酸化作用)”可知，海草能去除水中的二氧化碳，從而抵消氣體的酸化作用，由此可推知，畫線詞所在句意為“新的研究表明，海草草地還可以緩解溫室氣體排放的嚴(yán)重后果：海水的持續(xù)酸化”，mitigate意為“緩解”。故選A?！?0題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第七段內(nèi)容，結(jié)合本段首句“Accordingtothestudy,seagrassecosystemscanraisepHlevelsbymorethan0.1unit,equivalenttoabouta30%decreaseinacidity.(根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以將pH值提高0.1個單位以上，相當(dāng)于酸度降低30%左右)”以及末句“ThestudyalsoshowsthatpHishigherinseagrassecosystems,comparedtonearbyareaswithnoseagrass,about65%ofthetime.(研究還表明，與附近沒有海草的地區(qū)相比，海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的pH值在65%的時間里更高)”可知，本段主要告訴我們這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果。故選A。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段中“Newresearchsuggestsseagrassmeadowsmayalsomitigateaseriousconsequenceofgreenhousegasemissions:thesteadyacidificationofoceanwaters.(新的研究表明，海草草地還可以緩解溫室氣體排放的嚴(yán)重后果：海水的持續(xù)酸化)”及第五段最后一句“Thestudypresentsanaturalwaytoaddresstheproblem.(這項(xiàng)研究提出了一種解決這一問題的自然方法)”可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海草草甸可以緩解由溫室氣體排放導(dǎo)致的海水持續(xù)酸化，故本文目的是介紹一種解決海洋酸化問題的自然方法。故選D。DWhenspecialoccasionssuchasbirthdaysorotherbigholidayeventscomearound,parentsoftenlookforthatspecialtoyfortheirchildren.Butthereisagrowingunderstandingthatgiftsoftimeandbonding,suchasvacationsandotherexperiences,makebetterandmorelastinggiftsforchildren.Expertsagreethatgiftingchildrenwithmemorabletripsandfunexperiencesisbetterfortheirbodyandmind,andhascorrespondingpositiveimpactsontherestofthefamily!Ina2017studythatsurveyedabout500womenbetween18and93yearsold,Dr.Oravecz,ahumandevelopmentandfamilystudiesprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,asked,“Mostpeoplefeellovedwhen...”Thestudyshowedthatthemostpopularanswershadnothingtodowithanymaterialitem.Dr.Oraveczsaid,“Ourresearchfoundthatmicro-momentsofpositivity,likeakindword,ahugwithachildorasympatheticexpression,makepeoplefeelmostloved.”ClinicalpsychologistOliverJamesagrees.Hestatedthatasopposedtotoys,detailsfromatriparemorelikelyto“stickwiththemforlongafterthevacationends.”Whenfamiliesinteractinastress-freeenvironment,thiscreateswarm,generousfeelingstowardsoneanother,whicharelikelytoberememberedwithfondness.Vacationscreatestrongemotionalresponsesthatdon’toftencomewithmaterialpossessions.Inaddition,BritishchildpsychologistDr.MargotSunderlandbelievesthatvacationsmakechildrensmarter.“Whatislesswidelyknownisthatvacationscanalsoadvancebraindevelopmentinchildren.Thisisbecauseonafamilyvacation,youareexercisingtwogeneticallyingrainedsystemsdeepinthebrain’slimbic(邊緣的)area,whichcanalltooeasilybe‘unexercised’inthehome.”CitingtheworkofneuroscientistJaakPanksepp,Dr.Sunderlandsaid,“ThesearethePLAYsystemandtheSEEKINGsystem.”“Thebrain’sPLAYsystemisexercisedeverytimeyouburyyourchild’sfeetinthesandortakethemforarideonyourback.TheSEEKINGsystemisexercisedeachtimeyougoexploringtogether:thebeach,acave,ahiddenvillage...”Shecontinued,“Sowhenyoutakeyourchildonavacation,youaresupportingtheirexplorativeurge(SEEKINGsystem)—avitalresourceforlivinglifewell,andtheircapacitytoplay(PLAYsystem).Inadulthood,thistranslatesintotheabilitytoplaywithideas—essential,forexample,tothesuccessfulentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).”Inabusyhousehold,perhapsthefunofhavingthelatesttoymaynotlast,butthespaceitoccupiesinthehousecouldbethereandgatherdust.Soforthenextroundofgift-givingwiththechildren,consideranexperientialgiftinstead.Thereturnisdefinitelypriceless.32.FromDr.Oravecz’sstudy,weknowthat________.A.hearingkindwordscanmakeapersonfeelmostlovedB.aspecialtoyforabirthdayismorelastingforchildrenC.womenattheageof18and93yearsoldfeelmorelovedD.thefeelingofbeinglovediscloselyrelatedtomaterialgifts33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Thecapacitytoplaycantranslateintotheabilitytoseek.B.TheSEEKINGsystemcandevelopwhenadventuringinthewild.C.PLAYandSEEKINGsystemsaremoreeasilyexercisedathome.D.Buryingyourchild’sfeetinthemudisexercisingtheSEEKINGsystem.34.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A.materialgiftsarebetterforachild’sbodyandmindB.childrenspendingvacationswiththeirparentsaremoregenerousC.tripswithfamilycanformbetteremotionalinteractionsthanmaterialgiftsD.vacationswithemployeesareawasteoftimeforasuccessfulentrepreneur【答案】32.A33.B34.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在重大節(jié)日時，給孩子時間和感情的禮物，會給孩子們帶來更好、更持久的禮物?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Dr.Oraveczsaid,“Ourresearchfoundthatmicro-momentsofpositivity,likeakindword,ahugwithachildorasympatheticexpression,makepeoplefeelmostloved.”(Oravecz博士說道：“我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，小的積極時刻，比如說一句友善的話語、與孩子的擁抱或者同情的表情，會最讓人感到被愛”。)”可知，聽到友善的話語會最讓人感覺到被愛，故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“TheSEEKINGsystemisexercisedeachtimeyougoexploringtogether:thebeach,acave,ahiddenvillage...”Shecontinued,“Sowhenyoutakeyourchildonavacation,youaresupportingtheirexplorativeurge(SEEKINGsystem)—avitalresourceforlivinglifewell,andtheircapacitytoplay(PLAYsystem).Inadulthood,thistranslatesintotheabilitytoplaywithideas—essential,forexample,tothesuccessfulentrepreneur(企業(yè)家).”(每次那么一起探索時，都會使用到尋找系統(tǒng)：沙灘、洞穴、隱藏的村莊……她繼續(xù)說道：“所以，當(dāng)你帶孩子度假時，你是在支持他們的探索沖動（也就是尋找系統(tǒng)）——這是過好生活的重要資源，也是他們玩耍的能力（玩耍系統(tǒng)）”。成年后，這將轉(zhuǎn)化為對成功企業(yè)家至關(guān)重要的想法的能力。)”可推知，你在帶孩子探索時，是在支持他們的探索系統(tǒng)，故當(dāng)在野外探索時，探索系統(tǒng)會得到一定的發(fā)展，故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Soforthenextroundofgift-givingwiththechildren,consideranexperientialgiftinstead.Thereturnisdefinitelypriceless.(因此，在下一輪給孩子送禮物時，可以考慮體驗(yàn)式禮物。其帶來的回報是無價的。)”可推知，作者在最后建議家長下次給孩子送禮物的時候，送體驗(yàn)式禮物，故作者同意，比起物質(zhì)禮物，與家人一起的旅行更能促進(jìn)家人之間的情感交流，故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Hasanyoneevertoldyou,“Standupstraight!”orscoldedyouforsittinglazilyatafamilydinner?Commentslikethatmightbeannoying,butthey’renotwrong.____35____Itisthefoundationforeverymovementyourbodymakes,andcandeterminehowwellyourbodyadaptstothestressesonit.Thesestressescanbethingslikecarryingweight,orsittinginanawkwardposition.____36____Ifyourpostureisn’tgoodenough,yourmuscleshavetoworkhardertokeepyouuprightandbalanced.Somemuscleswillbecometightandinflexible.____37____Itincreasesthelikelihoodofaccidents,andmakessomeorgans,likeyourlungs,lessefficient.Sowhatdoesgoodposturelooklike?Ifyou’resitting,yourneckshouldbevertical,nottiltedforward.Yourshouldersshouldberelaxedwithyourarmsclosetoyourtrunk.Yourkneesshouldbeatarightanglewithyourfeetflatonthefloor.Butwhatifyourposturecan’tbethatgreat?____38____Forexample,adjustyourscreensoit’satorslightlybeloweyelevel.Makesureallpartsofyourbody,likeyourelbowsandwrists,aresupported.It’salsonotenoughtojusthavegoodposture.Keepingyourmusclesandjointsmovingisextremelyimportant.Infact,beingstillforlongperiodswithgoodposturecanbeworsethanregularmovementwithbadposture.____39____Andbesuretoexercise.Usingyourmuscleswillkeepthemstrongenoughtosupportyoueffectively,ontopofalltheotherbenefitstoyourjoints,bones,br