2023屆北京市房山區(qū)高三下學期第二次模擬考試英語試卷（解析版）

房山區(qū)2023年高三年級第二次模擬考試英語本試卷共10頁，100分。考試時長90分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將答題卡交回，試卷自行保存。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Everyonecandosomethingfortheircommunityintheirownway,justlikewhatDamianhasdone.Everyweekend,___1___withachairandsometools,Damiansetsupastandintheneighborhood.Theyoungmanlikestoofferfree___2___tostreetvendors(攤販)inthecommunityandshareniceconversationswiththem.Oneday,Pacheco,theicecreamvendor,wenttothestand.Damienwasveryexcitedatthesightofthisoldfriend,who___3___himofsomanysweetmemoriesofthepast.Theicecreambarbroughthimalotof___4___whenhewasachild.NowDamiancanstillrememberthosewonderfulmoments.WhenDamianwascuttingPacheco’shair,henoticedthatPachecowas___5___thistime.Astheytalked,Pacheco___6___hissmile.Infact,helosttwoteethlastmonthandwasunwillingtosmile___7___forfearofsomeofthecommentshisclientshavemadeabouthisteeth.Pachecohadbeenlivingaloneandhadnointentionofgoingtothe___8___becausehehadneverbeentherebefore.LearningofPacheco’scurrentsituation,Damianwasdeterminedtodosomethingforhim.Afterthat,hewasbusy___9___Pachecotothedentalappointments.Forthreemonths,DamiandrovePachecotothedentistandmadesurethatPachecocouldreceivehismuch-neededartificialteeth.Now,Pachecofeelsmore___10___anddoesn’thesitatetogivehisnewshiningsmiletothepeopleinthecommunity.Theygoonwiththeirwonderfullives.1.A.provided B.armed C.satisfied D.troubled2.A.treatments B.workplaces C.haircuts D.setups3.A.freed B.reminded C.convinced D.suspected4.A.joy B.courage C.inspiration D.challenge5.A.active B.lonely C.curious D.different6.A.hid B.spread C.showed D.observed7.A.quietly B.shyly C.warmly D.broadly8.A.bar B.clinic C.community D.stand9.A.ordering B.inviting C.accompanying D.limiting10.A.patient B.generous C.independent D.confident【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A5.B6.A7.D8.B9.C10.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Damian喜歡為社區(qū)的街頭小販提供免費理發(fā)，并與他們分享愉快的談話，一次他發(fā)現(xiàn)Pacheco顯得很孤獨，發(fā)現(xiàn)他是因為上個月掉了兩顆牙，變得不自信，于是他陪Pacheco去看牙醫(yī)補好了牙齒，Pacheco又變得自信起來?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個周末，帶著一把椅子和一些工具，達米安就會在附近擺攤。A.provided提供；B.armed裝備；C.satisfied滿足；D.troubled麻煩。根據(jù)后文“withachairandsometools”可知是帶著一把椅子和一些工具，短語bearmedwith表示“配備，帶著”。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個年輕人喜歡為社區(qū)的街頭小販提供免費理發(fā)，并與他們分享愉快的談話。A.treatments治療；B.workplaces工作場所；C.haircuts理發(fā)；D.setups安裝。根據(jù)后文“WhenDamianwascuttingPacheco’shair”可知，他提供的是免費理發(fā)。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：達米安見到這位老朋友非常興奮，他使他想起了過去許多美好的回憶。A.freed釋放；B.reminded提醒；C.convinced說服；D.suspected懷疑。根據(jù)后文“himofsomanysweetmemoriesofthepast”可知為短語remindsb.ofsth.，表示“使某人想起”。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當他還是個孩子的時候，雪糕給他帶來了很多快樂。A.joy快樂；B.courage鼓勵；C.inspiration靈感；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“NowDamiancanstillrememberthosewonderfulmoments.(現(xiàn)在達米安還記得那些美好的時刻)”可知，當他還是個孩子的時候，雪糕給他帶來了很多快樂。故選A?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當達米安給帕切科剪頭發(fā)時，他注意到帕切科這次很孤獨。A.active活躍的；B.lonely孤獨的；C.curious好奇的；D.different不同的。根據(jù)后文“Pachecohadbeenlivingalone”可知，當達米安給帕切科剪頭發(fā)時，他注意到帕切科這次很孤獨。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們談話時，帕切科隱藏了他的笑容。A.hid隱藏；B.spread傳播；C.showed展示；D.observed觀察。根據(jù)后文“Infact,helosttwoteethlastmonthandwasunwillingtosmile”可知，帕切科因為沒了牙齒，隱藏了他的笑容，故選A。7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，他上個月掉了兩顆牙，由于害怕客戶對他牙齒的一些評論，他不愿意笑得很開心。A.quietly安靜地；B.shyly害羞地；C.warmly溫暖地；D.broadly燦爛地。根據(jù)后文“forfearofsomeofthecommentshisclientshavemadeabouthisteeth”可知這里指燦爛微笑，應用副詞broadly。故選D。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：帕切科一直獨自生活，并沒有打算去診所，因為他以前從未去過那里。A.bar酒吧；B.clinic診所；C.community社區(qū)；D.stand攤位。上文提到帕切科丟了牙齒，所以是去診所。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后，他忙著陪帕切科去看牙醫(yī)。A.ordering命令；B.inviting邀請；C.accompanying陪伴；D.limiting限制。根據(jù)后文“Pachecotothedentalappointments”指他忙著陪帕切科去看牙醫(yī)。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，帕切科感到更加自信，毫不猶豫地向社區(qū)的人們展示他新的燦爛笑容。A.patient耐心的；B.generous慷慨的；C.independent獨立的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)后文“doesn’thesitatetogivehisnewshiningsmiletothepeopleinthecommunity.”可知，帕切科牙補好了，感到更加自信，故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Rowenawasatdinnerwhensheheardaloudnoiseatthenexttable.Shesawthatsomethingwaswrongwithalittlegirl.Shesuddenlyrealizedthatthebabywaschokingonfood.Fortunately,Rowenaknewwhattodo,asshe___11___(complete)afirstaidcourseforchildrenbefore.“Isatonachairandheldthebabygirlfacedownalongthelengthofmyrightlegwithherhead___12___(low)thanmyknee,”Rowenasaid.“ThenIstartedtohither___13___theback.Whenthebabygirlstartedtocry,Iknewthatshecouldbreatheagain.”Thatwas___14___Rowenasavedababy’slife.【答案】11.hadcompleted12.lower13.on14.how【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Rowena通過急救知識救了一名嬰兒的故事?！?1題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：幸運的是，Rowena知道該怎么做，因為她之前已經完成了兒童急救課程。此處表示“過去的過去”應用過去完成時。故填hadcompleted?！?2題詳解】考查比較級。句意：Rowena說：“我坐在椅子上，把女嬰臉朝下抱在右腿上，她的頭低于我的膝蓋?！薄８鶕?jù)后文than可知為比較級。故填lower。【13題詳解】考查介詞。句意：然后我開始打她的背。此處為介詞hitsb.ontheback表示“拍打背部”。故填on?！?4題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：Rowena就是這樣救了一個嬰兒的命。引導表語從句，從句缺少方式狀語，故用how。故填how。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。TheChinesehavecreatedsomeofthegreatestinventionsintheworld.Theycameupwithawaytomakemodempaperthousandsofyearsago.Thefirstpaper___15___(invent)wasmadefromwormfishingnets,barkofthemulberrytree,andcloth.Thesematerialswerefound___16___(easy),whichmeantthatlargeamountsofpaperwerecheapertomake.Aspaperbecamemoreaffordable,itwasusedforwritingon.DuringtheTangDynasty,itwasmadeintopaperbagsandusedtopreservetheflavouroftea.Today,paper___17___(use)formanydifferentpurposesaroundtheworld.【答案】15invented16.easily17.isused【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。中國人創(chuàng)造了一些世界上最偉大的發(fā)明。數(shù)千年前，他們發(fā)明了一種制造現(xiàn)代紙張的方法。發(fā)明的第一張紙是由蠕蟲漁網(wǎng)、桑樹皮和布制成的。這些材料很容易找到，這意味著大量的紙張制作起來更便宜。隨著紙變得越來越便宜，它被用來寫字。在唐朝，它被制成紙袋，用來保存茶的味道。今天，紙在世界各地被用于許多不同的用途?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：發(fā)明的第一張紙是由蠕蟲漁網(wǎng)、桑樹皮和布制成的。分析句子結構可知invent與paper構成被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填invented。【16題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這些材料很容易找到，這意味著大量的紙張制作起來更便宜。修飾動詞find應用副詞easily，作狀語。故填easily?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：如今，紙張在世界各地被用于許多不同的用途。主語與謂語構成被動關系，根據(jù)today可知為一般現(xiàn)在時，謂語用單數(shù)。故填isused。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Youneverknowwhattreasurestheseawilloffer.___18___(look)foraseashellisafunhobby,andanyoneatanyagecandoit.Plus,there’sevenanofficialnameforpeople___19___collectandstudyshells:“conchologist.”Besidesbeinguniqueandinteresting,shellsserveanimportantfunction.Theyprovide___20___(protect)forseaorganisms.Thatbringsustothefirstruleofsearchingforseashells:Neverkeepashellthatstillhasalivingcreatureinside.【答案】18.Looking19.who##that20.protection【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了尋找貝殼這一活動?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：找貝殼是一種有趣的愛好，任何年齡的人都可以做。作主語，應用動名詞，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Looking?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：此外，收集和研究貝殼的人甚至有一個官方名稱：“海螺學家”。定語從句修飾先行詞people，在從句作主語，指人，故填who/that?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它們?yōu)楹Ｑ笊锾峁┍Ｗo。作賓語，應用名詞protection。故填protection。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGeneralLRCrulesWehaveanumberofsimplerulestohelpyouusetheLanguageResourceCentre(LRC).Pleasecooperateandenjoyyourvisitwithus.●Noeatingordrinking●Nocopyingofaudiocassettes●YoucanusetheLRCcitheronyourownduringself-accesstimesoryoumayuseitwithyourteacheraspartofalesson.●Ifyouuseitasaself-accessstudent,youmustscanyourborrowerbarcode(issuedbythelibrarystaff)whenenteringandleaving.TheLRCisforusebyLanguageCentrestudentsonly.●Allbagsmustbeputinthebag-rack.Pleaseworkquietly.Thisisalibraryandmanystudentsarestudyingforexams.PhotocopyingWehaveaphotocopieravailable.Pleaseaskthelibrarystafftohelpyou.Thecostis20cforoneA4sheet.BorrowingfromtheLRCLanguageCentrestudentsarepermittedtoborrowmaterialsfromthelibrary.Otherschools’studentsmustusethefacilitiesattheirownschools.Full-timestudents:Giveyourphoto—IDcardtothelibrarianandyouwillgetanLRCnumber.Part-timestudents:Youwillneedtobringyour$50.00depositreceiptfromthecashier.Whenyourcoursefinishes,bringyourlibrarycardbackandyourdepositwillberefundedincash.LoansLanguagestudentscanborrowupto4items(ofwhichnomorethan2canbekits)atonetime.Kitsarebagscontainingbook(s)pluscassette(s).Allteachertraineestudentsmayborrowupto3items:●Testmaterials1week●Listeningkits1week●Mostotherbooks2weeksBooksmarkedREFinredarereferencebooksandcannotbetakenoutofthelibrary.BooksmarkedREFingreenmayberemovedbystaffonly.Mostitemscanberenewedonce.Testmaterialscannotberenewed.21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.YoucanborrowandcopyaudiocassettesfromtheLRC.B.TheLRCcanonlybeusedbystudentsstudyingforexams.C.StudentsandteacherscanphotocopymaterialsattheLRCforfreeD.TeachersareallowedtousetheLRCwhengivinglessonstostudents.22.Accordingtothepassage,part-timestudentsattheLanguageCenter_________.A.canborrowatleastfouritemsatonetimeB.shouldrenewthetestmaterialsonceaweekC.shouldpayadepositbeforeborrowingmaterialsD.cantakebooksmarkedREFinredoutofthelibrary23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.ToexplainhowtousetheLRC.B.Torecommendresourcesforlanguagelearning.C.Topresentthedifferentfunctionsofschoolfacilities.D.TointroducehowtoborrowreferencebooksfromtheLRC.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了語言資源中心的一些使用規(guī)則。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“●YoucanusetheLRCcitheronyourownduringself-accesstimesoryoumayuseitwithyourteacheraspartofalesson.(你可以在自己的時間使用LRC，也可以和老師一起作為課程的一部分使用它)”可知，教師在給學生上課時可以使用LRC。故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BorrowingfromtheLRC部分中“Part-timestudents:Youwillneedtobringyour$50.00depositreceiptfromthecashier.Whenyourcoursefinishes,bringyourlibrarycardbackandyourdepositwillberefundedincash.(非全日制學生：你需要帶上你的50美元。這是出納員給我的00英鎊的存款收據(jù)。課程結束后，請將借書證帶回來，押金將以現(xiàn)金退還)”可知，非全日制學生借用資料前應先付押金。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WehaveanumberofsimplerulestohelpyouusetheLanguageResourceCentre(LRC).Pleasecooperateandenjoyyourvisitwithus.(我們有一些簡單的規(guī)則來幫助你使用語言資源中心。希望大家合作愉快)”可推知，這篇文章的目的是解釋如何使用LRC。故選A。BHaveyoueverseenakidinclasswhowouldn’tvolunteertoreadoransweraquestion?Iwasthattypeofstudent.Talkinginclasswasastruggleformebecausethefearofsayingthewrongthingwasalwaysonmymind.Therewereconstantannouncementsaboutstudentsinourclasswinningwritingawards.Itwasadreamforme.Ihavealwaysfeltunsureofmyselfwhenwriting.SemicolonsconfusedmeandIusedtoomanycommas.Ihadnoideahowtociteanything.Duringmyfreshmanyear,theteacherwouldpickthebestessayinourclasstobereadoutloud,butminewasneverchosen.Ifounditreallyhardtowriteanessay.OneteacherMr.Wilson,whotaughtmethenextsemester,changedeverything.Hewasinhisfiftiesandhadareputationforhavingaparticularteachingstyle.Heconnectedwritingandreadingtofootball,butsomehowitmadesense.Whatreallymadehimspecialtomewasthateveryclasshewouldpicksomeonetoreadtheirwritingoutloudtotheclass.Inoneofhislessons,hesaid:“IwillnotalwayspicktheessaythatIthinkhasthebestgrammaroruseofvocabulary.IwillpicktheonethatIthinkhasthemostcharacter.”Thispartwasconfusingtomebecausehowcanwritinghavecharacter?Hewentontoexplain:“IwanttoreadsomethingthatIcantellthewriterfeelalotwhilewritingit.Iwanttofeeltheemotionsyouweregoingthroughasyouwroteit.”Afewweekslater,forthefirsttime,myessaywaschosentobereadtomyclassmates.Ican’tevenrememberwhatitwasabout,butIrememberhownervousIwastoseehisreaction,mixedwithprideatthefactthathefeltlikemyworkwasworthsharing.Hegavemehiscommentsattheendofit,butIwastoonervoustorememberthem.Afterclass,hetoldmehewasexcitedtoreadmoreofmywork.Hemademefeelspecialinthewayheledtheclass,andIgotovermyfearofsharingmyworkinclass.Hemademebelieveinmywritingabilitiesandgavemetheconfidencetocontinuewriting.24.Talkinginclassusedtobedifficultfortheauthorbecause__________.A.hehadneverwonanyawardsforspeaking B.hedidn’tknowhowtoanswerquestionsC.hehadnoideahowtociteanything D.hewasafraidofmakingmistakes25.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmadeMr.Wilsondifferentfromotherteachers?A.Hisstyleofteaching. B.Hisloveforstudents.C.Hisinterestinwriting. D.Hispassionforfootball.26.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat__________.A.Mr.WilsonpreferredessayswithgooduseofvocabularyB.theauthorrememberedMr.Wilson’scommentsverywellC.Mr.Wilsonthoughttheauthor’spassagewasfullofemotionsD.theauthorbelievedthathisessaywasworthsharingintheclass27.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeMr.Wilson?A.Kindandambitious. B.Honestandconfident.C.Creativeandinspiring. D.Reliableandgenerous.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了威爾遜先生特別的教學方式對作者的積極影響，他讓作者覺得自己很特別，也克服了在課堂上分享的恐懼。24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Talkinginclasswasastruggleformebecausethefearofsayingthewrongthingwasalwaysonmymind.(在課堂上講話對我來說是一場斗爭，因為我總是擔心說錯話)”可知，在課堂上說話對作者來說曾經是困難的，因為他害怕犯錯。故選D。【25題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hewasinhisfiftiesandhadareputationforhavingaparticularteachingstyle.Heconnectedwritingandreadingtofootball,butsomehowitmadesense.(他五十多歲，以其獨特教學風格而聞名。他把寫作和閱讀與足球聯(lián)系在一起，但不知何故，這是有道理的)”和最后一段“Hemademefeelspecialinthewayheledtheclass,andIgotovermyfearofsharingmyworkinclass.(他帶領課堂的方式讓我感到特別，我克服了在課堂上分享作業(yè)的恐懼)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點，威爾遜先生與其他老師的不同之處是他的教學風格。故選A?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“IwanttoreadsomethingthatIcantellthewriterfeelalotwhilewritingit.Iwanttofeeltheemotionsyouweregoingthroughasyouwroteit.(我想讀一些我能告訴作者在寫作時感受很多的東西。我想感受你寫這文章時的感情)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Afewweekslater,forthefirsttime,myessaywaschosentobereadtomyclassmates.(幾個星期后，我的文章第一次被選上讀給同學們聽)”可知，威爾遜先生認為作者的文章充滿了感情。故選C?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hewasinhisfiftiesandhadareputationforhavingaparticularteachingstyle.Heconnectedwritingandreadingtofootball,butsomehowitmadesense.(他五十多歲，以其獨特的教學風格而聞名。他把寫作和閱讀與足球聯(lián)系在一起，但不知何故，這是有道理的)”以及最后一段“Hemademefeelspecialinthewayheledtheclass,andIgotovermyfearofsharingmyworkinclass.Hemademebelieveinmywritingabilitiesandgavemetheconfidencetocontinuewriting.(他帶領班級的方式讓我覺得自己很特別，我也克服了在課堂上分享我的工作的恐懼。他讓我相信自己的寫作能力，給了我繼續(xù)寫作的信心)”可推知，威爾遜先生有創(chuàng)造力和鼓舞人心的人。故選C。CPlantsneedsunlightforphotosynthesis(光合作用),theprocessofabsorbingenergyfromlighttocreatetheirownfoodfromcarbondioxideandwater.That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylightandaredormantinthecoldermonths.Butthisprocessisn’tparticularlyefficientandonlyonepercentoftheenergycontainedinsunlightactuallyendsupintheplant,accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.Nowscientistsattheuniversityhavefoundawaytobypasstheneedfornaturalphotosynthesisandtocreatefoodbyusingartificialphotosynthesis.Thisallowsplantstogrowincompletedarkness.“Withourapproachwesoughttoidentifyanewwayofproducingfoodthatcouldbreakthroughthelimitsnormallyimposedbybiologicalphotosynthesis,”correspondingauthorRobertJinkerson,aUCRassistantprofessorofchemicalandenvironmentalengineeringsaidinthenewsrelease.Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.Thenewartificialphotosynthesismethodcouldbeupto18timesmoreefficientthansunlight.Experimentsshowedthatalargerangeoffoodproducingorganismscouldbegrownusingthisacetate.“Wewereabletogrowfoodproducingorganismswithoutanycontributionsfrombiologicalphotosynthesis,”saidElizabethHann,adoctoralcandidateintheJinkersonlabandco-leadauthorofthestudy.“Thistechnologyisamoreefficientmethodofturningsolarenergyintofood,ascomparedtofoodproductionthatrelicsonbiologicalphotosynthesis,”shesaid.Byeliminatingtheneedforsunlight,hepotentialofthismethodtoincreasefoodsupplyinregionswithless-thanidealgrowingconditionsisalmostendless,accordingtoNewAtlas.Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.Whilethismaybeyearsoff,thepotentialtogrowfoodusingartificialphotosynthesishasgreatvalueinfeedingahungryplacewherethepopulationisgrowingandarablelandshrinking.Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dormant”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.Fresh. B.Resting. C.Healthy. D.Normal.29.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessofartificialphotosynthesis.B.Thecontributionofnaturalphotosynthesis.C.Theefficiencyofsunlightonplantorganisms.D.Thewiderangeofapplicationsofartificialphotosynthesis.30.AccordingtoMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,artificialphotosynthesisis.A.accurate B.dangerous C.promising D.impractical31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Biologicalphotosynthesiscanhelpproducehigherqualityfood.B.Biologicalphotosynthesisismoreefficientinturningsolarenergyintofood.C.Usingartificialphotosynthesismaydecreasetheefficiencyoffoodproduction.D.Usingartificialphotosynthesistogrowfoodcanreduceenvironmentalinfluence.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工光合作用的過程以及積極效果。【28題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“That’swhyplantsgrowandthriveinthewarmermonthswhenthereismoredaylight(這就是為什么植物在溫暖的月份生長和茁壯成長)”以及后文“inthecoldermonths”結合常識，可知，植物在陽光充足的溫暖月份生長茂盛，而在寒冷的月份休眠。故劃線詞意思是“休息的”。故選B?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearchersdevotedtoartificialphotosynthesisusedatwo-stepelectrocatalytic(電催化)processtoconventCO2,water,andelectricityintoacetate(醋酸鹽)—themainingredientofvinegar—thattheplantorganismsconsumedtogrow.Theresearchersadjustedtheelectrolyzer,adevicethatuseselectricitytosupportthegrowthoffoodproducingorganisms.tocomeupwiththehighestlevelsofacetateeverproducedbythismethod.(致力于人工光合作用的研究人員使用兩步電催化過程將二氧化碳、水和電轉化為醋酸鹽——醋的主要成分——植物有機體消耗醋酸來生長。研究人員調整了電解槽，這是一種利用電力來支持食物生產生物生長的設備。用這種方法生產出了最高水平的醋酸鹽)”可知，第三段的主要內容是人工光合作用的過程。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Foodwillbeabletobegrownalmostanywhere,includinginspaceandonotherplanets.“ImaginesomedaygiantvesselsgrowingtomatoplantsinthedarkandonMars—howmucheasierwouldthatbeforfutureMartians?”co-authorMarthaOrozco-Cárdenas,directoroftheUCRPlantTransformationResearchCentersaid.(食物幾乎可以在任何地方種植，包括在太空和其他星球上?！跋胂笠幌?，有一天，巨大的容器在黑暗中在火星上種植番茄——這對未來的火星人來說會容易多少？”UCR植物轉化研究中心主任MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas說)”可知，MarthaOrozco-Cárdenas認為人工光合作用是有希望的。故選C。【31題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisnewmethodincreasestheefficiencyoffoodproductionusinglesslandandminimizestheenvironmentalimpactontheplanet.(這種新方法使用更少的土地提高了糧食生產的效率，并最大限度地減少了對地球環(huán)境的影響)”可知，利用人工光合作用種植食物可以減少對環(huán)境的影響。故選D。DVirtualrealityisrapidlychangingthewayeducationisbeingimpartedinsomeoftheleadingschoolsworldwide.Thetransferofknowledgeisnolongerrestrictedtopenandpaper,blackboardandchalk,andPowerPointpresentations.Ithastakenaturntowardsexperience-basedlearninginitstruestform.Thisissobecause,withvirtualreality,theobserversaretransportedintoawholenewworldwhichhasbeendesignedtoprovidevisualandtouchablestimulitothem,allowingmoreknowledgetobekeptinmind.Inrecentyears,theconceptofvirtualreality-basedlanguagelearningisstartingtocomeintofocus.Inordertobefluentinanygivenlanguage,orhaveasoundgraspofit,youhavetobeimmersedinanenvironmentwhereitistheprimarymediumofcommunication.Thinkofitlikethis.IfyouarelearningSpanishintheNetherlands,youwon’thaveadequateexposuretothelanguage,butifyouchoosetolearnSpanishinSpain,oranyotherSpanish–speakingcountry,youarefarmorelikelytosucceed,becauseyouwillhavecountlessavenuestopracticeyourlanguageskillsinarealworldsetting.Thisleadsustoanimportantpoint—mostpeoplewhoarelearningaforeignlanguagearenorexposedtofavorablelinguisticconditionsliketheonesmentionedearlier.Virtualrealityisseekingtobridgethisgapbyexposingthesubjecttoavirtualenvironmentwheretheirchosenlanguageisthemainmodeofcommunication.Sincethearrivalofuser-friendlyvirtualrealitygear,someapplicationshavebeendesigned.HouseofLanguagesisoneofthem.ItisalreadyavailableontheGearVR.Itinvolvesananimatedraccoonthatislookingforyoutofindcertainobjectsinavirtualenvironment,whosenameswouldbeinthelanguagethatyouarelearning.Oftenyouwillhearthename,orthenamewillappearasathought-bubbleovertheraccoon’shead.Thenyouwillhavetolookthroughtheenvironmenttofindtheobjectinquestion.ThereareseveralenvironmentsinthisVRexperience,eachwithitsownsetofanimatedobjects.Virtualrealityisdefinitelyshowingincreasingpromiseintheeducationalsectorandthedayisn’tfarawaywhenitwillbecomeoneofthemajormediaineducation.Whataboutyou?Wouldyoulearnanewlanguageinvirtualreality?32.WhydoestheauthormentionlearningSpanishintheNetherlandsinParagraph2?A.Tostatethattravelingishelpfulforlanguagelearning.B.Tostresstheimportanceofthelanguagelearningenvironment.C.Toshowthatsomevirtualrealityapplicationsareavailableforlanguagelearning.D.ToinformusofthefavorablelearningenvironmentforSpanishintheNetherlands.33.Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?A.Bygivingexamplesandusingquotation.B.Bystatingthedefinitionandshowingfacts.C.Bypresentinganopinionandlistingfigures.D.Byanalyzingtheproblemandprovidingasolution.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseofvirtualrealityineducation?A.Negative. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Neutral.【答案】32.B33.B34.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了虛擬現(xiàn)實正在迅速改變世界上一些頂尖學校傳授教育的方式。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inrecentyears,theconceptofvirtualreality-basedlanguagelearningisstartingtocomeintofocus.Inordertobefluentinanygivenlanguage,orhaveasoundgraspofit,youhavetobeimmersedinanenvironmentwhereitistheprimarymediumofcommunication.Thinkofitlikethis.IfyouarelearningSpanishintheNetherlands,youwon’thaveadequateexposuretothelanguage,butifyouchoosetolearnSpanishinSpain,oranyotherSpanish–speakingcountry,youarefarmorelikelytosucceed,becauseyouwillhavecountlessavenuestopracticeyourlanguageskillsinarealworldsetting.(近年來，基于虛擬現(xiàn)實的語言學習概念開始成為人們關注的焦點。為了流利地說任何一種語言，或者對它有一個良好的掌握，你必須沉浸在一個環(huán)境中，它是主要的交流媒介。這樣想。如果你在荷蘭學習西班牙語，你不會有足夠的機會接觸這門語言，但如果你選擇在西班牙或任何其他西班牙語國家學習西班牙語，你更有可能成功，因為你將有無數(shù)的途徑在現(xiàn)實世界中練習你的語言技能)”可推知，作者在第二段提到在荷蘭學習西班牙語以強調語言學習環(huán)境的重要性。故選B。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inrecentyears,theconceptofvirtualreality-basedlanguagelearningisstartingtocomeintofocus.(近年來，基于虛擬現(xiàn)實的語言學習概念開始成為人們關注的焦點)”；第三段“Thisleadsustoanimportantpoint—mostpeoplewhoarelearningaforeignlanguagearenorexposedtofavorablelinguisticconditionsliketheonesmentionedearlier.(這就引出了一個重要的問題——大多數(shù)正在學習外語的人并沒有像前面提到的那樣接觸到有利的語言條件)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Sincethearrivalofuser-friendlyvirtualrealitygear,someapplicationshavebeendesigned.HouseofLanguagesisoneofthem.(自從用戶友好的虛擬現(xiàn)實設備出現(xiàn)以來，已經設計了一些應用程序?！罢Z言之家”就是其中之一)”可推知，作者通過陳述定義和展示事實展開文章。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Virtualrealityisdefinitelyshowingincreasingpromiseintheeducationalsectorandthedayisn’tfarawaywhenitwillbecomeoneofthemajormediaineducation.(虛擬現(xiàn)實無疑在教育領域顯示出越來越大的前景，它成為教育領域主要媒體之一的日子已經不遠了)”可推知，作者對虛擬現(xiàn)實在教育中的應用積極態(tài)度。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Youprobablyalreadyknowwhatself-regulationis,evenifyouarenotawareoftheterm.___35___Self-regulationreferstotheabilitytocontrolyourbehaviorandmanageyourthoughtsandemotionsinappropriateways.Itinvolvesbeingawareofyourbehaviorandhowithelpsyoureachyourgoals.___36___TheCambridgedictionarydefinesitas“Theabilitytomakeyourselfdothingsyouknowyoushoulddoevenwhenyoudonotwantto”.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationdefinesitas“thecontrolofone’sbehaviorthroughself-monitoring,self-evaluation,andself-reinforcement.”Self-regulationisveryimportantbecauseitcanhelpusdealwithstress.Weallknowthatsometimesstressisbadforourhealth,whichcancausemoodswingsanddifficultyconcentrating.___37___Forexample,ifapersonisupset,sad,orangry,self-regulationhelpshimregulatehisfeelingsandthenbehaveinanacceptableandproductiveway.Inaddition,self-regulationcanalsohelppeoplehandleconflictandstrengthenrelationshipsandoverallwell-being.Itcanhelppeoplecalmdownaftersomethingannoyinghashappenedandrefocustheirattentiononothertasks.___38___Peoplewithgoodself-regulationskillsareabletoassesswhethertheirbehaviorisappropriateandcanredirectthemselvesasneeded.___39___Sowecantrydifferentapproachestofindtheproperone.Youmaybeabletokeepstressundercontrolbyusingstressmanagementtechniquessuchasdeepbreathing,exercise,andgettingenoughsleep.Self-regulationisanessentialskillforphysical,social,emotionalandmentalwell-being.Itdoesnotalwayscomeeasilytopeople,buttherearetechniquesthatcanhelpyoudevelopandstrengthenyourself-regulation.A.Therearedifferentdefinitionsofself-regulation.B.Taketimeeachdaytomakenewplansfortomorrow.C.Infact,likemanycopingskills,self-regulationcanbeimproved.D.Ittakesfirmdeterminationandastr